기공의 원리

이진신 대한류마티스 건강전문학회 2001 근관절건강학회지 Vol.8 No.1

연교(連翹)가 만성 비세균성 전립선영 Rat의 염증발현인자 및 세포조직 변화에 미치는 영향

이진신,안영민,안세영,두호경,이병철,Lee, Jin-Sin,Ahn, Young-Min,Ahn, Se-Young,Doo, Ho-Kyung,Lee, Byung-Cheol 대한한방내과학회 2006 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.27 No.3

Objective : The etiology of chronic prostatitis is likely multifactorial, resulting from either a cascade of events after an initiating factor or from a variety of etiologic mechanisms. There is substantiating evidence to support the role of the inflammatory responses in its pathogenesis, and the clinical value in the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy. Forsythiae Frucus has been traditionally used in treatment of inflammatory diseases, including of prostatitis and urinary tract inflammation. In this study, we investigated the effects of Forsythiae Frucus on inflammatory cytokines and cyto-pathological alternation in the rat model of chronic non-bacterial prostatitis induced by castration and $17{\beta}$-estradiol treatment. Methods : Two-month-old rats were treated with $17{\beta}$-estradiol after castration for induction of experimental non-bacterial prostatitis. which is similar to human chronic prostatitis in histopathological profiles. Forsythiae Frucus as an experimental specimen, and testosterone as a positive control, were administered orally. The prostates were evaluated by histopathologlcal parameters including the epithelial score and epithelio-stromal ratio for glandular damage. and the expression of inflammatory cytokine genes including interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, IL-5, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$. eotaxin, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2(cox-2). Results : While prostates of control rats revealed severe acinar gland atrophy and stromal proliferation. the rats treated with Forsythiae Frucus showed a diminished range of tissue damage. Epithelial score was improved in the Forsythiae Frucus group over that of the control (P<0.05). The epithelia-stromal ratio was lower in the Forsythiae Frucus group when compared to that of the control (P<0.05). In the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of inflammatory cytosine genes. Forsythiae Frucus inhibited the expression of IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-$\alpha$, iNOS, cox-2 genes, while it modulated the expression of IL-5, which is an anti-inflammatory cytokine. Conclusions : These findings suggest that Forsythiae Frucus may protect the glandular epithelial cells and also inhibit stromal proliferation in association with the immune modulation including the suppression of inflammatory cytokines and increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines. From theses results. we suggest that Forsythiae Frucus could be a useful remedy agents for treating chronic non-bacterial prostatitis.

방광요관역류를 동반한 재발성 요로감염 환자 1례

이진신,이병철,장원만,안영민,안세영,두호경,최기림,Lee, Jin-Sin,Lee, Byung-Cheol,Jang, Won-Man,Ahn, Young-Min,Ahn, Se-Young,Doo, Ho-Kyung,Choi, Ki-Lim 대한한방내과학회 2000 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.21 No.4

Vesicoureteral reflux(VUR) is a state that urine regurge from bladder to ureter and kidney because of congenital, structural, functional abnormality of ureterovesical junction and lower urinary tract than bladder. It may be the primary cause of recurrent urinary tract infection(UTI) in chindhood, If urine regurge with UTI, it can cause renal damage, leading to scar formation, hypertension, chronic renal failure, But upper complications can be prevented by early diagnosis and proper treatment of VUR and UTI, so clinician must focus on them in treatment of VUR. We had experienced a case of recurrent UTI with VUR regardless of consistent antibiotics therapy in 7 years old boy, Chief complain was urinary frequency, The symptom of urinary frequency was successfully treated by herb medicine(Gamijihwag-tang), So, we report this case with a brief review of related literatures.

Thioacetamide 유발 간 섬유화에 대한 모과의 효과

이진아,이세희,신미래,노정숙,노성수 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.50 No.8

본 실험에서는 TAA(thioacetamide)로 유발한 간 섬유화 동물 모델에 모과 추출물이 미치는 효과를 확인하기 위하여 8주간 3회/주 TAA 복강투여 및 1회/1일 경구투여 하였다. 모과 추출물을 경구투여 하였으며 실험 종료 후 간 조직을 적출하였다. 간 조직 western blotting을 통해 염증 관련 단백질의 발현을 확인한 결과, 모과 투여군에서 p-AMPK, SIRT의 발현이 유의하게 증가하였으며, 염증 전사인자 NF- κB, IκBα 및 염증성 사이토카인 TNF-α, IL-6의 발현이 유의하게 감소하였다. 또한, 섬유화와 관련된 MMP-2, TIMP- 1, α-SMA 및 collagen Ⅰ과 같은 세포외기질 관련 인자가 유의적으로 감소하였다. Masson’s trichrome staining을 간 조직을 관찰한 결과, 모과 투여군에서는 대조군에 비하여 교원섬유의 침착 및 조직학적 섬유화 변화가 완화된 것을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해보면 모과 추출물은 AMPK/ SIRT1/NF-κB의 발현을 조절할 뿐만 아니라 섬유화 관련 단백질의 발현을 억제함으로써 간 섬유화의 진행을 완화하는 것으로 생각된다. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Chaenomelis Fructus (CF) extract on thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis in mice. The mice were divided into four groups for examination: Normal group (Normal, n=9), group with liver fibrosis administered distilled water (Control, n=9), group with liver fibrosis administered silymarin 100 mg/kg (Silymarin, n=9), group with liver fibrosis administered CF 200 mg/kg (CF, n=9). Liver fibrosis was established in the mice via an injection of TAA (1 week 100 mg/kg B.W., 2∼3 weeks 200 mg/kg B.W., 4∼8 weeks 400 mg/kg B.W., three times a week, I.P) for 8 weeks and they were administered silymarin and CF extract (every day, P.O) with the TAA. After the autopsy, we analyzed the expression of inflammation-related proteins and fibrosis-related factors in the liver tissue by the western blot test. The results of the experiment showed that the administration of CF regulated the expression of phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK) and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and inhibited the expression of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway. In addition, the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP-1), ɑ-smooth muscle actin (ɑ-SMA), and collagen Ⅰ related to fibrosis were suppressed. These results suggest that the progression of liver fibrosis may be alleviated by regulating the AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB pathway, as well as the expression of fibrosis-related factors.

진피-황금 혼합물이 급성 역류성 식도염 흰쥐에 미치는 효과

이진아(Jin A Lee),신미래(Mi-Rae Shin),노성수(Seong-Soo Roh),박해진(Hae-Jin Park) 한국영양학회 2021 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.54 No.3

본 연구에서는 진피-황금 혼합물 (CS)이 급성 역류성 식도염에 미치는 식도 점막 보호 효과를 평가하기 위하여 CS를 경구투여한 후 수술을 통해 역류성 식도염을 유발하였으며, 실험 종료 후 혈액 채취 및 식도 조직을 적출하였다. 동물에게서 적출한 식도 점막의 손상 정도를 육안으로 확인한 결과 CS투여군에서 식도 점막의 손상이 유의하게 감소하였으며, H&E staining을 통해 관찰한 결과 마찬가지로 CS투여군에서 식도 상피의 탈락 및 염증세포의 침윤이 현저하게 감소한 것을 확인하였다. 혈액을 이용하여 역류성 식도염의 원인으로 유효하다고 알려진 ROS의 수치를 확인한 결과, CS투여군에서 ROS 수치가 유의적으로 감소하였으며, western blotting을 통해 NADPH oxidase인 NOX4, p47<SUP>phox</SUP>, p22<SUP>phox</SUP>의 발현을 확인한 결과, 마찬가지로 CS 투여군에서 유의하게 감소하였고, 특히 CS200투여군에서 Normal군과 비슷한 수치를 나타냈다. 또한, CS투여는 염증성 단백질인 MAPK와 NF-κB 경로를 유의적으로 억제하였을 뿐 아니라 tight junction 단백질인 claudin-1과 claudin-4의 발현을 유의하게 조절한 것을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해보면 진피-황금 추출물은 산화적 스트레스를 억제함으로써 염증성 단백질의 발현을 조절할 뿐 아니라 tight junction 단백질의 발현을 조절하여 식도 점막을 보호하는 것으로 판단되나 역류성 식도염은 음식물의 섭취와 밀접한 관련이 있는 만큼 추후 동물의 식이 섭취량을 조사하는 등 세부적인 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다. Purpose: Reflux esophagitis is a disease caused by the reflux of stomach contents and stomach acid etc. into the esophagus due to defect in the lower esophageal sphincter and is currently increasing worldwide. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a mixture of Citrus Reticulata and Scutellariae Radix (CS) extract on acute reflux esophagitis in rats. Methods: Rats were divided into five groups for examination: normal group (Normal, n = 8), water-treated acute reflux esophagitis rats (Control, n = 8), tocopherol 30 mg/kg body weight-treated acute reflux esophagitis rats (Toco, n = 8), CS 100 mg/kg body weight-treated acute reflux esophagitis rats (CS100, n = 8), CS 200 mg/kg body weight-treated acute reflux esophagitis rats (CS200, n = 8). The experimental groups were administrated of each treatment compounds and after 90 min, acute reflux esophagitis was induced through surgery. Rats were sacrificed 5 h after surgery. We measured the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in serum and analyzed the expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, inflammatory, and tight junction-related proteins by western blot in the esophageal tissues. Results: CS administration significantly protected the esophageal mucosal damage due to reflux esophagitis, and the level of ROS in the serum was significantly reduced with CS administration as compared to Control. In addition, CS administration significantly suppressed mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK or MAP kinase) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways and increased protein expressions of tight junction protein. Conclusion: These results suggest that the CS not only regulates the expression of inflammatory proteins by inhibiting oxidative stress, but also reduces damage to the esophageal mucosa by inhibiting the expression of tight junction proteins.

애엽(艾葉) 추출물이 알코올성 위염에 미치는 효과

이진아,서정복,김진영,신미래,박해진,노성수,Lee, Jin A,Seo, Jeong Bok,Kim, Jin Young,Shin, Mi-Rae,Park, Hae-Jin,Roh, Seong-Soo 대한한방내과학회 2022 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.43 No.4

Objective: Alcohol is known to cause inflammation in the stomach by decreasing the protective substances of the gastric mucosa and increasing oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Artemisiae Argyi Folium extract (AF) on alcohol-induced gastritis. Methods: The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of AF were confirmed through an in vitro experiment. Radical scavenging activities were confirmed using DPPH and ABTS assays. In vivo experiments were conducted on mice divided into 5 groups (n=8): a normal group (Nor), an alcohol-induced gastritis group (Con), an alcohol-induced gastritis group administered 10 mg/kg sucralfate (SC), an alcohol-induced gastritis group administered 100 mg/kg AF (AFL), and an alcohol-induced gastritis group administered 200 mg/kg AF(AFH). The serum levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined, and protein expressions were confirmed in gastric tissues. Results: In alcohol-induced gastritis, AF alleviated damage to the gastric mucosa caused by alcohol. AF also decreased the serum ROS levels. Western blots showed that AF decreased the expression of NADPH oxidase and decreased the expression of the NF-κB pathway associated with inflammation. AF also decreased the expression of adhesion molecules and chemokine proteins, and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory proteins. Conclusions: AF not only reduced oxidative stress in alcohol-induced gastritis, but it also relieved gastric mucosal inflammation by regulating the expression of the NF-κB pathway.

강제수영실험을 통한 산수유 추출물의 항피로 효과

이진아(Jin A Lee),신미래(Mi-Rae Shin),노정숙(Jeong Sook Noh),박해진(Hae-Jin Park),노성수(Seong-Soo Roh) 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.50 No.4

본 실험에서는 추출방법을 달리한 산수유 물 추출물(CFW)과 산수유 30% 에탄올 추출물(CFE)을 이용해 강제수영부하실험을 실시하여 산수유 추출물의 항피로 효과를 확인하였다. 강제수영부하실험 종료 후 수영시간 변화를 확인하였으며, 혈청을 이용하여 간 손상지표, 신장 손상지표 및 피로관련 지표를 측정하였다. 강제수영부하실험을 실시하여 시료 투여 전과 후의 수영시간을 측정한 결과, CFW군에서 0day 대비 7 days에서 23% 증가한 반면 CFE군에서는 15%감소하였다. 강제수영부하실험에서 CFW군에서 혈중 GOT, GPT 및 BUN 수치가 유의하게 감소하였으며, CFE군에서는 GPT와 BUN 수치가 유의하게 감소하였다. 항피로 관련 지표를 측정한 결과 CFW와 CFE 투여는 가자미근의 글리코겐 수치를 증가시켰으며, 특히 CFW 투여는 고강도 운동으로 증가한 LDH에 의해 D-lactate의 농도가 증가하는 것을 유의하게 억제하여 근피로를 경감시켰다. 또한, CFW군과 CFE군에서 혈중의 암모니아 수치가 유의하게 감소한 것을 확인하였으며, CFW 및 CFE 투여는 고강도 운동으로 인한 지방 소모로 TG 및 FFA의 수치를 유의하게 감소시켰다. 이상의 결과를 종합해보면 산수유 추출물은 항피로 효과를 나타냈으며, 특히 산수유 30% 에탄올 추출물보다 산수유물 추출물에서 더 뛰어난 결과를 나타냈다. 따라서 산수유물 추출물은 피로 관련 인자를 조절하여 피로 개선 효과를 나타내는 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 피로 개선을 위한 주요 소재가 될 것이라 판단된다. This study examined the effects of Corni Fructus administration on the exercise performance and fatigue accumulation in the forced swimming test (FST). The ICR mice were divided randomly into four groups: water-treated FST (control), 500 mg/kg of red ginseng-treated FST (RG), 500 mg/kg of water extract of Corni Fructus-treated FST(CFW), and 500 mg/kg of 30% EtOH extract of Corni Fructus-treated FST (CFE). After FST, an autopsy was performed, and the soleus muscle and serum were collected. The experimental result show that the running time increased in the CFW. In addition, the soleus muscle showed that glycogen was increased by CFW and CFE. Furthermore, CFW significantly regulated GOT (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase), GPT (glutamic pyruvic transaminase), BUN (blood urea nitrogen), ammonia, LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), D-lactate, TG (triglyceride), and FFA (free fatty acid) in serum. On the other hand, CFE regulated the above factors but not significantly. Overall, CFW and CFE in FST are considered effective in preventing fatigue by controlling the liver enzyme, kidney enzyme, and fatigue-related factors, and the CFW is considered to be more effective than CFE.

吳茱萸 추출물이 만성 역류성 식도염 흰쥐에 미치는 효능 평가

이진아,박해진,김수현,김민주,김경조,신미래,노성수 대한본초학회 2019 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.34 No.2

Objective : Reflux esophagitis (RE) is a disease that caused gastric acid reflux and inflammation due to unstable gastroesophageal sphincter, as increasing worldwide respectively. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Evodiae Fructus (EF) extract on chronic reflux esophagitis in rats. Methods : The EF was measured antioxidant activity, such as total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents, 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2’-azinobis-3-ethyl-enzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity. Rats were divided into 3 groups; Nor (normal group), Con (chronic acid reflux esophagitis rats treatment with water), EF (chronic acid reflux esophagitis rat treatment with EF 200 mg/kg body weight group). A surgically-induced chronic acid reflux esophagitis (CARE) model was established in SD rats, and treated with water or EF 200 mg/kg body weight for 14 consecutive days. Results : Administration of EF to rats of induction of chronic acid reflux esophagitis was found to reduce esophagus tissues injury. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and produces peroxynitrite (ONOO-) levels of esophagus tissues were significantly decreased in EF compared to Con group. As results of esophagus protein analyses, EF effectively reduce inflammatory-related factors (NF-Bp65, p-IB, iNOS, TNF-, IL-6), and increase anti-oxidant enzyme (Nrf2, HO-1, SOD, catalase, GPx-1/2). Conclusions : These results suggest that EF administration comfirmed that decreased esophagus tissues injury, oxidantive stress, anti-inflammation effect, and increased anti-oxidant effect. Therefore, EF was the potential to be used as a natural therapeutic drug.

Thioacetamide 유발 급성 간 손상에 대한 모과의 효과

이진아(Jin A Lee),신미래(Mi-Rae Shin),이지혜(Ji Hye Lee),박해진(Hae-Jin Park),노성수(Seong-Soo Roh) 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.50 No.4

본 실험에서는 thioacetamide(TAA)로 유발한 간 손상 rats에 대한 모과 추출물의 간 보호 효과를 확인하기 위하여 SD rat에게 3일간 TAA 복강투여 및 모과 추출물을 경구 투여하였고, 실험 종료 후 혈액 채취 및 간조직을 적출하였다. 혈액을 이용하여 간 손상 지표, 암모니아 및 MPO의 수치를 확인하였는데, Control군보다 모과 투여군에서 GOT, GPT, 암모니아 및 MPO의 수치가 유의하게 감소하였고, 특히 암모니아는 CF200군에서 Normal군과 비슷한 수치를 나타내었다. 간조직 western blotting을 통해 NADPH oxidase와 염증성 단백질의 발현을 확인한 결과, 모과 투여군에서 NOX2, p47<SUP>phox</SUP>와 같은 NADPH oxidase의 발현이 감소하였고, 염증 전사인자 NF-κB, IκBɑ와 전염증성 단백질 iNOS, COX-2 및 염증성 사이토카인 TNF-ɑ, IL-1β의 발현이 유의하게 감소하였다. 또한, H&E staining을 통해 염증 및 간세포의 침윤을 확인한 결과, 모과 투여군에서 세포의 침윤 정도가 크게 감소하여 간 손상이 뛰어나게 완화된 것을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해보면 모과 추출물은 혈액 내 간 손상 지표인 GOT, GPT 및 과산화 효소의 수치를 감소시켰으며, 산화적 스트레스의 생성을 억제함으로써 염증성 단백질의 발현을 조절하여 TAA로 인한 간 손상을 완화하는 것으로 생각된다. This study investigated the effect of Chaenomelis Fructus extract (CF) on thioacetamide (TAA)-induced acute liver injury in rats. Rats were divided into five treatment groups: Normal group (Normal, n=8), TAA-induced with distilled water group (Control, n=8), TAA-induced with silymarin 100 mg/kg group (Silymarin, n=8), TAA-induced with CF 100 mg/kg group (CF100, n=8), and TAA-induced with CF 200 mg/kg group (CF200, n=8). An animal model of acute liver injury was established via an injection of TAA (200 mg/kg of body weight, I.P). Silymarin and CF extracts were administrated (P.O.) simultaneously with TAA for 3 days. Levels of GOT (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase), GPT (glutamic pyruvic transaminase), ammonia, and MPO (myeloperoxidase) were assessed in serum, and the expressions of NADPH oxidase and inflammatory related proteins were analyzed by western blot from liver tissue harvested during autopsy. Our results reveal that CF-administration significantly decreases the levels of serum GOT, GPT, ammonia, and MPO, effectively suppresses NADPH oxidase, and down-regulates the expressions of the NF-κB pathway proteins. These results indicate that administration of CF alleviates the liver injury by inhibiting NADPH oxidase and down-regulating the NF-κB pathway.

만성 역류성 식도염에서 황련과 오수유 혼합물이 식도 점막에 미치는 영향

이진아,오민혁,신미래,노성수,박해진 한국생약학회 2021 생약학회지 Vol.52 No.3

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a gastrointestinal disorder in which stomach contents reflux into the esophagus, causing complications such as mucosal damage. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Rhei Rhizoma and Scutellariae Radix mixture (RS) in chronic acid reflux esophagitis (CARE), one of the GERD. After inducing reflux esophagitis through surgery, the group was separated and the drug was administered for 2 weeks; Normal rats (Normal, n=8), chronic acid reflux esophagitis rats (Control, n=8), tocopherol 30 mg/kg-treated chronic acid reflux esophagitis rats (Toco, n=8), Rhei Rhizoma and Scutellariae Radix mixture 100 mg/kg-treated chronic acid reflux esophagitis rats (RSL, n=8), Rhei Rhizoma and Scutellariae Radix mixture 200 mg/kg-treated chronic acid reflux esophagitis rats (RSH, n=8). Gross lesion of esophageal mucosa after RS treatment showed a superior enhancement compared with that of Control group. Additionally, RS significantly decreased the levels of MPO and MDA, effectively inhibited NADPH oxidase, and regulated the expression of the AMPK/LKB1/NF-kB pathway. Moreover, it significantly increased the expression of tight junction proteins. Taken together, RS not only alleviates inflammation of the esophageal mucosa via the AMPK/LKB1/NF-kB pathway by reducing oxidative stress, but also improves esophageal function by modulating tight junction proteins.