Development of new barcoding loci in gall-forming aphids (Eriosomatinae: Eriosomatini): Comparing three mitochondrial genes, ATP6, ATP8, and COI

이원훈,Shin-Ichi Akimoto 한국응용곤충학회 2015 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.18 No.2

The mitochondrial COI gene has often been utilized as a molecular marker for species identification. However, it has sometimes caused misidentification for some pairs of closely related species. For detecting complementary barcoding loci, we first screened candidate genes by calculating genetic distances within and between species based on 542 sequences collected from the Genbank by using aphids of the Eriosomatini as an example. Of eight genes analyzed,we selected the ATP6 and ATP8 genes,which exhibited lower intraspecific and higher interspecific genetic divergences than did the COI gene. Secondly, we tested the usefulness of these genes by calculating genetic distances between all the combinations of 44 individuals of 23 eriosomatine species for each of the ATP6, ATP8, and COI genes. In the ATP8 gene, the average intraspecific divergence was lowest (0.6%) and the average interspecific divergence was highest (14.7%). The ATP8 gene evolved more rapidly than did the COI gene if genetic divergence between individuals was sufficiently large, whereas it evolved more slowly than did COI if genetic divergencewas less than a threshold (1% in COI distance). As a result, specieswith intraspecific variation in COI and ATP6 exhibited no genetic variation in ATP8. The pattern of genetic divergence in ATP8 well accorded with the pattern of species delimitation in the present taxonomic system. Thus, we conclude that the use of the ATP8 gene in DNA barcoding could improve the accuracy of species identification in the Eriosomatini and possibly other insect groups

미토콘드리아 COI 유전자 분석을 통한 담배가루이 종복합군의 분류학적 재평가

이원훈,이관석,Lee, Wonhoon,Lee, Gwan-Seok 한국응용곤충학회 2017 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.56 No.2

담배가루이는 경제적으로 매우 중요한 농업 해충들 중의 하나이며, 전세계적으로 40개 이상의 종들로 구성된 종복합군(species complex)으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 담배가루이 종복합군의 유전적 변이와 구성하는 종들의 수를 550개의 COI 염기서열들을 바탕으로 재평가하였다. 담배가루이의 유전적 변이는 0% - 27.8%이며(평균 11.1%), 이는 담배가루이 종복합군이 서로 다른 속들 혹은 아과들에 속하는 다양한 종들로 구성되어 있음을 나타낸다. 217개 COI 염기서열들을 바탕으로 분석된 계통수는 담배가루이 종복합군이 잠재적인 신종(Java)을 포함한 43개 종들로 구성되어 있고, 이 가운데 9종(Australia, Asia II 1, Asia II 6, Asia II 7, Asia II 10, Mediterranean, New world, New world 2, Sub Saharan Africa 1)의 종내 유전적 변이는 기존의 종구분 한계인 4.0%가 담배가루이 종복합군의 종들을 구분하는데 적합하며, 높은 종내 유전변이를 보이는 종들은 은밀종과 관련이 있을 것으로 판단된다. Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the most important insect pests in the world. In the present study, the taxonomic status of B. tabaci and the number of species composing the B. tabaci complex were determined based on 550 COI gene sequences of B. tabaci. Genetic divergence within B. tabaci ranged from 0% to 27.8% (average 11.1%). This result indicates that the B. tabaci complex is composed of multiple species that may belong to different genera or subfamilies. A phylogenetic tree constructed based on 217 COI gene sequences without duplications revealed that the B. tabaci complex is composed of a total of 43 putative species, including a new species, Java. In addition, genetic divergence within nine species (Australia, Asia II 1, Asia II 6, Asia II 7, Asia II 10, Mediterranean, New world, New world 2, Sub Saharan Africa 1) indicates that 4.0% is reasonable to be used as a threshold of species boundaries within the B. tabaci complex, and species with high intraspecific genetic divergences can be related with cryptic species.

Current status of exotic insect pests in Korea: comparing border interception and incursion during 1996-2014

이원훈,이예림,김소라,이종호,Heungsik Lee,이승환,홍기정 한국응용곤충학회 2016 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.19 No.4

Interception data pertaining to Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Thysanoptera, and Hymenoptera collected at the Korean quarantine border were cross-checked with incursion data during 1996–2014. Overall, 114,636 interception records of 1,075 species belonging to the six orders were detected, while 33 species (out of 2,710 newly recorded species belonging to the six orders) were confirmed as incursion species in Korea. Of the 33 species, only 14 (42.42%)were recorded as being intercepted at the quarantine border. These results indicate that recent incursion species in Korea are not subject to inspection at Korean borders. Of the 33 incursion species, 30 (90.90%) are agricultural pests, and 10 species (30.30%) are hemipteran. About these species, two factors, greenhouse cultivation and parthenogenesis of exotic species, are newly suggested as reasons for successful incursion into Korea. This study reveals that border inspections do not provide useful information to protect against occurrences of exotic incursive species and that the current quarantine system needs improvement.

영양장애를 동반한 크론병1例

이원훈,서운교 대한한방성인병학회 2000 韓方成人病學會誌 Vol.6 No.1

Crohn's disease characterized by chronic inflammatory bowel disease of unknown etiology and the cerebrovascular disease is a rare extraintestinal manifestation of the Crohn's disease. The patient who have been sicked Crohn's disease have malabsorption and malnutrition. A 37-year old female with a 8-year history of Crohn's disease episodically developed Rt. side hemiparesis. Brain MRI showed multiple cerebral infarction and the lab finding of CBC, biochemistry showed iron deficiency anemia and hypoalbuminemia. We treated this patient by Kwakhangjungki-san, Hangsayangui-tang for malnutrition and found that iron deficiency anemia and hypoalbuminemia was improved.

Barcoding forest insect pests in South Korea: Constructing a basic endemic species dataset

이원훈,고상현,최원일,정찬식,김일권,변봉규,이봉우,Yang-Su Kim,김소라,Shin-ichi Akimoto,이승환 한국응용곤충학회 2012 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.15 No.3

A total of 103 barcode (mitochondrial COI) sequences were newly provided for 77 forest insect pests from 66genera belonging to Coleoptera, Hemiptera, and Lepidoptera. All 77 species had distinct COI sequences, revealing low intraspecific genetic divergence (b1.20%) and high interspecific genetic divergence (>7.30%). Among the 66 genera, 32 COI sequences of 25 species belonging to 16 genera were compared with 280 COI sequences of 117 species belonging to the same 16 genera archived in GenBank, showing that most species were clearly distinguished by barcode sequences. Based on these results, we conclude that a DNA barcode is effective for identifying forest insect pest species.

육각강에서 보고된 미토콘드리아 COI 염기서열과 이들을 이용한 분자 연구 논문 분석, 파트 I: 2000년~2009년

이원훈,박종선,김소라,김양수,이예림,김광호,이시혁,이용환,이승환,Lee, Wonhoon,Park, Jongsun,Akimoto, Shin-Ichi,Kim, Sora,Kim, Yang-Su,Lee, Yerim,Kim, Kwang-Ho,Lee, Si Hyeock,Lee, Yong-Hwan,Lee, Seunghwan Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2013 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.52 No.4

Since 2000, a large number of molecular studies have been conducted in Hexapoda with generating large amount of mitochondrial sequences. In this study, to review mitochondrial COI sequences and their molecular studies reported in Hexapoda from 2000 to 2009, 488 molecular studies conducted based on 58,323 COI sequences were categorized according to 26 orders and the positions of COI sequences (5', 3', and entire regions). The numbers of molecular studies in which the three regions utilized varied largely among the 26 orders; however, seven orders showed preferred positions of COI sequences in the researches: Diptera and Orthoptera revealed the largest number of studies in the 5' region; while, Coleoptera, Phthiraptera, Odonata, Phasmatodea, and Psocoptera, showed the largest number of studies in the 3' region. From comparing 84 molecular studies published before 2000, we observed the possibilities that molecular studies in Coleoptera, Diptera, Phthiraptera, and Phasmatodea from 2000 to 2009 had been followed classical studies using the positions of COI sequences well-known until 1999. This study provides useful information to understand the overall trends in COI sequence usages as well as molecular studies conducted from 2000 to 2009 in Hexapoda. 2000년도 이후로 많은 분자 연구 논문들이 육각강에서 진행되었으며, 그 결과 방대한 양의 미토콘드리아 유전자 염기서열이 생산되었다. 본 연구에서는 2000년도부터 2009년까지 육각강에 보고된 COI 염기서열과 이들을 활용한 분자 연구 논문들을 분석하기 위하여, 58,323개의 COI 염기서열들을 바탕으로 보고된 488개의 분자 연구 논문들을 26개 목들과 사용된 COI 염기서열들의 5', 3', 중간 위치에 따라 재분류하였다. 세 지역의 COI 염기서열을 이용한 연구 논문의 수는 26개 목들에 따라 매우 다양하였다. 하지만, 7개 목들은 특정 지역의 COI 염기서열들이 선호되었음을 나타내었다. 예를 들어, 파리목과 메뚜기목에서는 5' 지역의 COI 염기서열을 사용하는 논문의 수가 가장 높았으며, 이에 반해 딱정벌레, 이목, 잠자리목, 더듬이벌레목, 대벌레목에서는 3' 지역의 COI 염기서열을 사용하는 논문의 수가 가장 높았다. 2000년 이전에 보고된 84개의 분자 연구 논문들과의 비교를 통해, 2000년부터 2009년까지 딱정벌레목, 파리목, 이목, 대벌레목에서는 1999년 이전에 각 목들에서 주로 사용되었던 COI 염기서열의 특정 지역과 같은 지역을 사용하는 경향성을 보여주었다. 본 연구는 육각강에서 2000년에서 2009년까지 보고되었던 분자 연구 논문 뿐만 아니라 이들 논문에서 사용된 COI 염기서열에 대한 전체적인 경향을 이해하는데 유용한 정보를 제공한다.

식물검역해충 분류동정 현황 및 대화형 키 제작을 통한 대응방안 구축

이원훈,홍기정 한국응용곤충학회 2016 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.10

최근 지구온난화와 국제교역량의 증가 등에 따른 국내 돌발해충 및 외래침입해충의 발생빈도가 급격히 증가하고, 확산속도가 빨라지고 있다. 이에 검역해충의 신속하고 정확한 분류동정을 통해 금지급 및 관리급 검역해충의 유입을 차단하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 농림축산검역본부는 그 동안 다양한 연구사업들을 통해 주요 검역해충들에 대한 맞춤형 분류키를 개발하여 구축하여왔다. 하지만, 이들 대부분은 계단식 검색표로서 곤충분류를 전공하지 않은 사람들이 이용하기에는 쉽지 않다. 최근 컴퓨터 기술의 발달로 주요 곤충그룹들에 대한 대화형 키(interactive identification key) 제작이 전세계적으로 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 저장물해충, 진딧물, 독자처분해충들에 대한 대화형 키 제작 및 운용의 유용성을 확인하고, 이를 바탕으로 검역해충 분류동정에 대한 대응방안 구축을 제시하고자 한다.

급성기의 작은 뇌경색에서 확산 강조 자기공명영상의 유용성

이원훈,장현용,박영찬,신상훈,오규현,성낙관,김종기,이영환,정덕수 대한영상의학회 1998 대한영상의학회지 Vol.39 No.1

Purpose : To demonstrate the usefulness of diffusion-weighted MR imaging(DWI) in patients with small acute infarction by comparing it with fast spin-echo T2-weighted MR imaging(FSE T2WI). Material and method : We retrospectively analyzed the results of FSE T2WI in 26 consecutive patients who on DWI showed small discrete hyperintensities of less than 1.5cm and whose final clinical diagnosis, within one week of clinical attack, was acute inforction. Lacunar infarcts accounted for 24 cases and 2 small cortical infarcts for two. The onset of symptoms occurred within 12 hours (hyperacute stage) in two patients, within 24 hours in seven, within 3 days in nine, and within one week in eight. Infarcts as seen on FSE T2WI were categorized as follows : (-) for cases of impossible localization with non-visualization ; ($\pm$) for cases of equivocal localization with faint visualization and/or poor differentiation from combined chronic infarcts and chronic ischemic changes, or from subarachnoid CSF in cases of cortical infarction ; and (+) for cases of adequate localization with clear visualization and moderately good differentiation from the associated brain changes, or from subarachnoid CSF in cases of cortical infarction. These infarcts were analyzed according to the time of onset of symptoms. Result : For the localization of small acute infarctions, DWI was markedly superior to the category(-), moderately superior to the category($\pm$).With regard to the onset of symptoms, DWI was markedly or moderately superior to FSE T2WI in 2/2 (100%) of hyperacute stage diagnosed within 12 hour of clinical attack, in 4/7(57%) diagnosed within 24 hours, in 5/9 (56%)diagnosed within 3 days, and in 1/8 (13%) diagnosed within 1 week(p<0.05). In 12/26 cases(46%), small acute infarcts were localized by DWI better than by FSE T2WI. Conclusion : Because the signal was unchanged or its intensity was poor, small infarcts at the acute stage were frequently difficult to localize by FSE T2WI. In addition, differentiation of these from combined chronic infarcts and chronic ischemic change was poor. DWI can localize small acute infarcts even when the results of FSE T2WI are negative or inconclusive.

One new record of the genus Aulacorthum Mordvilko (Hemiptera: Ahphididae) from Korea

이원훈,김효중,이승환 한국응용곤충학회 2008 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.11 No.3

Aulacorthum muradachi is recognized for the first time in Korea, on Lindera erythrocarpa Makino in Gyeongsangnam-do and Jeju-do. It is redescribed, illustrated, and measured for the apterous viviparous females. Therefore, eleven species of the genus Aulacorthum have been recorded from the Korean peninsula. A key to species of the genus Aulacorthum from the Korean Peninsula is provided.

Interception of weevils on cut flowers from South Africa by Korea plant quarantine

이원훈,황정훈,이종호,홍기정 국립중앙과학관 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.10 No.4

In 2015, a total of 31 samples belonging to superfamily Curculionoidea (Coleoptera) were intercepted from the cut flowers imported from South Africa at the Korean quarantine border. These samples were identified based on the available literature, and they were confirmed as 11 species belonging to four families. However, only three species were identified at the species level. The others were only classified into seven genera and one tribe level. Until now, there have been very few studies about weevils distributed in Africa. Consequently, there is a lack of available information for species identification of intercepted weevils at the quarantine border. This study aims to raise public awareness regarding the introduction of unwanted insect pests from the international trade of plants and/or plant products. It also suggests the need for international cooperation and taxonomic networking for the identification of intercepted pests.