능성어류의 양식산업화를 위해서 (2) - 자바리의 어미관리와 종묘생산 -

이영돈,송영보,Lee, Yeong-Don,Song, Yeong-Bo 한국양식학회 2004 韓國養殖 Vol.16 No.2

갑상선 암에 있어서 경부림프절 절제술의 용어 및 분류에 관하여

이영돈,Young-Don Lee,M.D.,Ph.D. 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2012 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.12 No.2

The standard radical neck dissection, introduced at the turn of the 20th century, became the uniformly-accepted treatment of cervical metastatic disease through the 1960s. Functional or modified radical neck dissection was developed in the 1950s and 1960s. This procedure became the accepted treatment for suitable tumors by the 1970s. Now, the concept of selective neck dissection, removal of only the node levels likely to be involved with tumor, gained acceptance by the late 1980s as a definitive elective, and eventually, therapeutic neck dissection for suitable cases. In response to the increasing variations of neck dissection procedures, a number of classification systems were proposed and subsequently established. The system of the American Head and Neck Society and the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery was revised in 2002 and 2008. The neck dissections are grouped into four broad categories: radical, modified radical, selective, and extended neck dissection. The Japan Neck Dissection Study Group presented a new system for the classification of neck dissections based on a system of letters and symbols. The system permits a comprehensive and shorthand method of precise designation of neck dissection procedure, but has the disadvantage of departing radically from previously employed systems, by utilizing an entirely new terminology and designation of lymph node groups. In 2011, an international group proposed a classification which conveys precisely the extent of the lymphatic and non-lymphatic structures removed in a neck dissection. So they contended it is logical, simple, and easy to remember, and prevents possible confusion associated with the ambiguous terminology previously mentioned. And they also maintained it allows the recording of neck dissection procedures that cannot be classified under the existing systems. In 2012, the American Thyroid Association proposed the consensus of lateral neck dissection in DTC. They defined again that a selective neck dissection refers to removal of less than all five nodal levels directed by the patterns of lymphatic drainage from the primary tumor while preserving CN XI, IJV, and SCM. And they also insist that selective neck dissection is the most commonly-used neck dissection in the management of lateral neck metastasis for thyroid cancer, and should be reported with a designation of the side and nodal levels and sublevels dissected (i.e. selective neck dissection of levels IIa, III, IV, and Vb). But most classification systems have some limitations and disadvantages to describe the exact procedures of lymphatic and non-lymphatic structure resection. It is a necessary component of a new systemic classification and nomenclature system for neck dissection, not only because the method of describing operative procedures must be unified to allow comparisons of therapeutic methods, but also because of the need to customize therapies individually. A new neck dissection classification system in thyroid cancer has to overcome all these limitations and will facilitate communication around the world with reliable reporting and comparison of outcomes among different surgeons and institutions. (Korean J Endocrine Surg 2012;12: 2-86)

갑상선 결절의 수술 범위 결정시 세침흡인세포검사와 동결절편생검의 유용성

이영돈,조현준,Yeoung Don Lee,M.D. and Hyeoun Jun Cho,M.D. 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2001 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.1 No.1

Purpose: Traditionally the extent of thyroidectomy in patients with nodular thyroid disease has been based on fine needle aspiration cytology and intraoperative frozen section examination. The value of routine frozen section examination for intraoperative diagnosis of thyroid cancer and determination of extent of thyroidectomy is controversial and needs to be evaluated. Methods: We reviewed the fine needle aspiration cytology, frozen section examination, and final pathology of 142 consecutive patients who underwent thyroidectomy for nodular thyroid mass in an 3-year period. The diagnosis were classified as indeterminant, benign, or malignant. The utility and impact of the diagnosis from fine needle aspiration or frozen section on the operative procedure performed was analyzed. Results: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNA) as a diagnostic test for thyroid nodules demonstrated an indeterminant rate of 23.9% (34 patients), with diagnostic accuracy of 93.9% for malignant disease. In frozen section (FS) results, the indeterminant rate was 19.7%, and the diagnostic accuracy 98.3% for malignant disease. Of the 50 patients with the benign results on FNA, 3 patients was diagnosed as malignancy on FS. Of the 34 patients with indeterminant results on FNA, the intraoperative FS diagnosis showed 16 patients of benign, 3 patients of malignancy, and diagnosis on 15 patients was deferred to permanent section; in 15 patients, benign disease was diagnosed in 12 patients, and 3 patients were diagnosed as malignancy. And one of 10 patients with inadequate result on FNA was diagnosed as malignancy on FS. Therefore the decision about the extent of surgical thyroid resection was changed in 7 patients (4.9%) based on the FS results, and including the 16 patients diagnosed as benign on FS with indeterminant results on FNA, overall, in 23 patients (16.2%) the intraoperative surgical decision was affected by FS. Conclusion: The fine needle aspiration cytology and intraoperative frozen section examination showed the limitation on diagnosis of follicular neoplasm, but intraoperative frozen section examination proved useful in determining the extent of operation and affected intraoperative decision making in thyroid surgery. (Korean J Endocrine Surg 2001;1:78-83)

쥐 뇌에서의 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 의 분포에 관한 연구

이영돈,주충노 ( Young Don Lee,Chung No Joo ) 생화학분자생물학회 1993 BMB Reports Vol.26 No.8

This study was attempted to examine the ALDH activities using several aldehydes including synthetic biogenic aldehydes and the subcellular distribution in seven different areas of rat brain. The total ALDH activity with indole-3-acetaldehyde were higher than acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde in all areas. Taking V_(max)/K_m ratio as the index of affinity of substrate to the enzyme, affinities of low-Km ALDH for indole-3-acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde were stronger than those of high-Km ALDH. Especially striatum showed the lowest K_m value and the highest V_(max)/K_m raatio for aromatic aldehyde and contained the highest activity with biogenic aldehyde such as DOPAL. From these results, it is suggested that brain low K_m ALDH may play an important role in degradation of neurotransmitter-derived aromatic aldehydes, especially dopamine oxidation in the striatum. ALDH activity of mitochondrial fraction was slighltly high in the hypothalamus and hippocampus. Microsomal ALDH activity was lowest in all brain areas and a significant regional difference was not found. Although two low-K_m isozymes, composed of cytosolic E1 and mitochondrial E2, and very weak high K_m isozymes were identified by isoelectric focusing, their distribution pattern in various areas was not different.

쥐 뇌에서의 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase의 분포에 관한 연구

이영돈,주충노,Lee, Young-Don,Joo, Chung-No 생화학분자생물학회 1993 한국생화학회지 Vol.26 No.8

쥐 뇌에서의 aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH) 활성분포를 조사하기 위하여 합성된 생체 aldehyde를 비롯한 여러 기질을 사용하여 부위에 따른 활성, 세포내 분포 및 isozyme의 존재 양상을 조사하였다. 뇌의 모든 부위에서 indole-3-acetaldehyde에 대한 총 ALDH활성은 acetaldehyde나 propionaldehyde에 대한 활성보다 높았다. $V_{max}/K_{m}$비를 통하여 기질과의 친화도를 조사한 결과 indole-3-acetaldehyde와 propionaldehyde에 대한 친화도는 뇌의 모든 부위에서 low-$K_m$ ALDH가 $high-K_m$, ALDH보다 훨씬 컸다. 특히 선조체의 ALDH는 다른 부위의 ALDH에 비하여 방향족 aldehyde에 대하여 낮은 $K_m$ 값과 높은 $V_{max}/K_{m}$비를 나타냈으며 3,4-dihydroxyphe-nylacetaldehyde(DOPAL)에 대하여 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 이같은 결과는 뇌조직에서 신경전달물질로부터 유래한 방향족 aldehyde는 주로 $low-K_m$ ALDH에 의해 산화되며 이 과정은 특히 선조체에서 dopamine의 산화과정에 크게 관여할 것으로 생각된다. Indole-3-acetaldehyde에 대한 ALDH활성의 세포내 분포의 경우, 미토콘트리아분획의 활성은 시상하부와 해마체에서 다소 높았고 미크로좀분획의 활성은 뇌의 모든 부위에서 가장 낮은 분포를 보였으며 부위에 따라 뚜렷한 차이가 없었다. 뇌 ALDH는 isoelectric focusing에 의해 두 분획(E1, E2)으로 구성된 $low-K_m$ isozyme과 활성이 미약한 $high-K_m$ isozyme으로 분리되었으나 부위에 따른 분포양상의 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. This study was attempted to examine the ALDH activities using several aldehydes including synthetic biogenic aldehydes and the subcellular distribution in seven different areas of rat brain. The total ALDH activity with indole-3-acetaldehyde were higher than acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde in all areas. Taking $V_{max}/K_{m}$ ratio as the index of affinity of substrate to the enzyme, affinities of $low-K_m$, ALDH for indole-3-acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde were stronger than those of $high-K_m$, ALDH. Especially striatum showed the lowest $K_m$ value and the highest $V_{max}/K_{m}$ ratio for aromatic aldehyde and contained the highest activity with biogenic aldehyde such as DOPAL. From these results, it is suggested that brain low $K_m$ ALDH may play an important role in degradation of neurotransmitter-derived aromatic aldehydes, especially dopamine oxidation in the striatum. ALDH activity of mitochondrial fraction was slighltly high in the hypothalamus and hippocampus. Microsomal ALDH activity was lowest in all brain areas and a significant regional difference was not found. Although two $low-K_m$, isozymes, composed of cytosolic E1 and mitochondrial E2, and very weak high $K_m$ isozymes were identified by isoelectric focusing, their distribution pattern in various areas was not different.

식물생육촉진근권세균(PGPR)의 Siderophores 와 ACCD 생성여부 확인

이영돈(Youngdon Lee ),이찬규(Chankyu Lee),이관호(Gwanho Lee),주진호(Jinho Joo) 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2017 No.5

성인 충수염 환자에서 수술까지의 시간 지연이 충수염 진행에 미치는 영향

이민아(Min A Lee),정민(Min Chung),이영돈(Young Don Lee),이정남(Jung Nam Lee),이운기(Woon Ki Lee),박연호(Yeon Ho Park),박흥규(Heung Gyu Park),김건국(Keon Kuk Kim),최상태(Sang Tae Choi),강진모(Jin Mo Kang),이원석(Won Suk Lee),김현영(Hyun 대한외과학회 2009 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.76 No.6

Purpose: There are many reports that delayed operation of appendicitis in children is safe, but it is controversial whether the same principle can be applicable in adult patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the interval from onset of symptoms to operation and the pathologic degree of appendicitis. Methods: In this retrospective study, 783 adult patients (16 years old or more) diagnosed with appendicitis pathologically between 2004 and 2007 were included. The time from onset of symptoms to hospital arrival (patient interval) and time from hospital arrival to operation (hospital interval) were investigated. Pathologic and gross state of the appendicitis was graded as G1 (suppurative), G2 (gangrenous), G3 (ruptured), G4 (periappendiceal abscess). Results: The median time from symptom onset to operation (total interval) was 35 hours. The percentage of G1, G2, G3, and G4 was 86.3%, 11.4%, 2.4%, and 0% when total interval was <24 hours, 61.3%, 21.3%, 15.8%, and 1.6% when between 24 and 72 hours, and 23.8%, 13.9%, 36.9%, and 25.4% when the interval was over 72 hours. The advanced grade of appendicitis correlated with increased hospital stay (P<0.0001). Conclusion: This study suggests that delayed appendectomy in acute appendicitis in adults is a risk factor for advanced grades, and that the sooner the operation is undertaken, the better the outcome is.

음식물 쓰레기 퇴비화를 위한 유용미생물 선발

이영돈 ( Youngdon Lee ),김성국 ( Sungguk Kim ),유재홍 ( Jaehong Yoo ),주진호 ( Jinho Joo ) 한국환경농학회 2016 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2016 No.-

음식물 쓰레기는 하루 평균 발생량이 약 1만 4천톤 이며 한 사람당 매일 0.28 kg을 배출하고 있다. 대부분의 음식물쓰레기는 매립으로 처리되는데 이는 매립지 토양 오염뿐만 아니라 지하수·지표수오염, 발생가스에 의한 대기오염 등 광역적인 2차 오염문제를 일으킨다. 본 연구의 목적은 미생물을 이용한 음식물쓰레기 분해 및 유해중금속 및 기름, NaCl을 저감하는 우수균주 선발에 있다. 본 연구에서 사용된 시료는 양평우분 15-A-1, 지방 15-2-2-1과 엔진오일 15-1-1에 함수포도당, 옥태 분말, 잣송이 EtoH를 함유시켜 건조 후 제조한 가루를 사용하였으며, 음식물쓰레기에 각각 control, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10%의 6가지의 조건으로 처리하였고, 실온에 보관하였으며, 7일 14일 간격으로 부숙이 되는 과정을 지켜보았다. 그 결과 control에 비해 2, 4, 6%에서는 확연한 부숙의 차이를 보였고, 육안으로도 음식물의 형태가 잘 보이지 않을 정도로 분해가 잘되는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 그러나 8, 10%는 6%에 비해 큰 차이를 보이지 않은 것으로 보아 미생물제제의 활성 농도는 6% 처리 했을 시 가장 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과로 음식물쓰레기 퇴비화 과정 중 가장 문제가 되는 유해중금속, 지방(기름), NaCl의 저감효과와 음식물쓰레기 분해속도 증가효과를 가져올 것으로 판단된다.

유치장 신체검사의 법적 근거에 관한 고찰

이영돈(Lee Young-Don) 조선대학교 법학연구원 2012 法學論叢 Vol.19 No.2

경찰수사단계에서 체포된 피의자 또는 구속영장이 발부된 피의자는 신체검사를 거쳐 경찰서 유치장에 입감된다. 유치장 신체검사는 유치장 내의 안전과 질서유지를 위하여 실시하는 권력적 사실행위로서 영장주의가 적용되기 어렵다. 그러나 신체검사 중 알몸수색과 같은 정밀 신체검사는 피의자의 입장에서 보면 사실상 수색 또는 검증으로서의 신체검사와 유사하고 인권침해의 소지가 상존한다. 현행법상 유치장 신체검사에 대해서는 직접적인 법률적 근거가 없고 경찰청 훈령인「피의자 유치 및 호송규칙」에서 규정하고 있다. 수사절차의 적법성을 확보하고 인권침해를 최소화하려면 유치장 신체검사에 대한 법적 근거 및 요건과 한계를 명확히 하여야 한다. 영국 PACE(경찰과 형사증거법)는 외표수색(routine search), 알몸수색(strip search), 정밀수색(intimate search)으로 구분하면서 신체 정밀수색의 요건 및 절차를 상세하게 규정하고 있어 향후 입법적인 개선에 있어 참고할 필요가 있다. When arrested, suspects are sent to the police and undergo following investigative procedures such as identification, detention, and interrogation. the Criminal Procedure Act in Korea states that the police must request a detention warrant in 48 hours. As a result, the suspect arrested should stay in the police station or be detained in the police cell even though there is no statutory basis for time limit of arrest itself. The suspects arrested go through body search entering the police cell. It is controversial for violating human rights such as privacy. However, the Criminal Procedure Act today has no statutory basis about it as well. Only the National police Agency's instruction regulates it, which is just an internal administration rule. In fact, it is difficult to require a warrant for the body search strictly because it is not directly related to the investigation. Nonetheless, there should be established legal basis as there still remains the possibility of violation of human rights. Especially, the requisite for and the extent of the intimate search should be defined in the Act. However, Police and Criminal Evidence Act(PACE) in the UK covers every detail on arrest and following procedures including detention and body search. The PACE defines legal grounds and procedure for body search including strip search and intimate search. The new provision like PACE regulating body search in police cell should be introduced in order to protect the suspects arrested rights properly.

체포 시 피의자 권리고지에 관한 법적 고찰

이영돈 ( Lee Young-don ) 한국외국어대학교 법학연구소 2012 외법논집 Vol.36 No.3

The Criminal Procedure Act in Korea states two measures for custody: arrest and detention. Arrest has been a representative custody system since it was introduced in Criminal Procedure Act in 1995. Although arrest is essential for further criminal investigation, it inevitably restricts suspects’physical freedom and their right to self defense at the same time. When arrested, suspects are sent to the police and undergo following investigative procedures such as identification, detention, and interrogation. Then there must exist profound legal basis related in order to protect the rights of arrested suspects properly. This study examined the notice of legal rights of suspects arrested. the Criminal Procedure Act in Korea states that arresting officers must inform the person they arrest of relevant suspected crime, the reason for the arrest, and the right to counsel when the arrest takes place. The purpose of the code is to guarantee suspects their right to self defense. However, according to the code, arresting officers are not required to inform the person arrested ‘that they have been arrested’. The problem is that neither the suspect nor the officer would recognize the procedural rights of the suspect under arrest. Therefore, the current article regarding the duty of notice should be amended to include the duty to inform that the person is arrested and the reasons for the arrest. In addition, the current code about the duty of notice does not include the duty of notifying the right to silence which is important to protect the suspect. As a result, the right to silence becomes useless at the stage of interrogation, if the suspect admits or confesses a crime after arrest, but before interrogation. Therefore, duty of notice should include the duty to inform the right to silence when the arrest takes place in order to guarantee the suspects’ right to defense.