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이대일(Lee Dae-Il) 한국미술교육학회 2006 美術敎育論叢 Vol.20 No.3
바우하우스는 20세기 조형교육의 시발점이 되었을 뿐만 아니라 건축 및 회화와 디자인 등 예술세계를 망라하는 근대조형양식의 근거가 되었다는 점에서 근대 대자인사의 결정적인 틀을 형성한 것으로 평가되고 있다. 과학-기술 세계의 인식방법과 궤를 같이하는 이 조형운동은 객관성과 보편성을 추구하여 기계시대에 어울리는 기능주의적 조형관을 확립하게 된다. 이것은 근대성의 중추를 이루는 이성?합리주의 정신의 형태적 구현이다.<BR> 그러나 1970년대를 경과하여 근대성에 대한 비판적 성찰이 사회 전면으로 등장함에 따라 바우하우스의 역사적 의미에 대한 새로운 평가와 자리매김이 요구되고 있다. 이러한 맥락에서 근대적 양식과 개성 구현의 문제, 근대 합리주의 정신과의 관계 그리고 추상적인 조형언어와 이에 따른 인간의 인식방법의 변화 및 감수성의 변화 그리고 예술의 대중화나 새로운 질서와 통일성 등의 문제에 비추어 바우하우스의 의미를 새롭게 밝혀본다. Bauhaus is being evaluated that it made a decisive frame of the modern design history in the respect that it became not only the start for the 20th century"s plastic education, but the basis of the modern plastic mode containing art world such as architecture, paintings and design. This plastic movement which has the same track with the way of cognition of the science-technology world pursues objectivity and universality, and then it comes to establish the plastic view of the functionalism which becomes to the machine age. This is the embodiment of the rationalism which forms the pivot of modernity.<BR> However, this functional plastic way which has the axes-abstraction and measuring-comes to wear the character of the standardization because the modern rationality hold on formal rationality than substantial rationality. For this reason the off-modernism phenomena which try to break uniformity as a frame of the society governing as well as cultural standardization begins to be projected into the fields of society. This is a culture phenomenon which gives weight to the subjectivity world instead of the characteristics of the modern society which regard as of great importance the objectivity and universality.<BR> Viewing this historic relationships, Bauhaus will be given the general meaning in the fact that it produced the culture pattern according with the congregating way of life of the moderners (in other words, the innovative changed way of life such as, the type of residence and material production-consumption system).<BR> However, at the same time this brought culture wearing strong uniformity instead of the cultural peculiarity and diversity. Besides, it played a considerable role in shaping the city-sensibility(the new sensibility of human) and furthermore, it influenced a great deal upon the way of cognition about things. And also the new uniformity was emphasized, which reflects the social uniformity of technology-ration taking the place of the religious uniformity in the premodern age.<BR> Examining the meaning of Bauhaus, this will be an important basis in the creation of the more meaningful new plastic mode.
이대일(Dae Il Lee),김정우(Jungwoo Kim),최해천(Haecheon Choi) 대한기계학회 2008 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2008 No.11
The objective of this work is to study various vortical structures from controlled circular jet such as trifurcating and blooming jets. The numerical simulations of flow from a circular jet are carried out at Re<SUB>D</SUB> = 4300 based on the jet-exit velocity and jet diameter using large eddy simulation with the dynamic Smagorinsky model in a cylindrical coordinate system. The excitation for the controlled jet is achieved by combining axial and helical excitations. The axial velocity controlled by blowing and suction at the jet exit has several peaks in their cycle with respect to ratio of axial to helical excitations. This active control changes the spreading angle and vortical structures in the downstream region.
이대일,남하경,이미화,곽민정,이현정,이수배,홍광선,Lee, Dae-Il,Nam, Ha-Gyeong,Lee, Mi-Hwa,Gwak, Min-Jeong,Lee, Hyeon-Jeong,Lee, Su-Bae,Hong, Gwang-Seon 한국건강관리협회 2006 한국건강관리협회지 Vol.4 No.1
Background : Osteoporosis and atrophic cell pattern in Pap smear are frequent findings In postmenopausal women due to loss of ovarian function, The present study attempted to find out possible correlation between morphologic characteristics of Pap smear and osteoporosis. Material & methods: The subjects were 825 women(age from 35 to 80) who had undergone Pap smear and bone mineral density(BMD) at The Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul Branch, from March 8 to May 10, 2005. Pap smears from 825 women were reviewed and classified either mature cell pattern or atrophic cell pattern by their cytologic patterns, BMD were measured using LUNAR DPX MdIQ(Minster, Ohio, USA). BMD value of lumbar spine(Ll, L2,L3 and L4) were measured from 825 women and BMD value of proximal region off emur(neck NK, Wards triangle WT, and trochanter TR) were measured from 818 women and their bone status were classified as normal( T-sore:>-1.0), osteopenia (T-score: -l~<-2,5) and osteoporosis(T-score: ≤ -2.5). And age distribution of Pap smear, average T-value andfrequency ofsteoporo-sis of each region of the bone, percentage of osteoporosis of each boneregion by age group and changing pattern of percentage of osteopenia and osteoporosis in certain postmenopausal period were compared between mature and atrophic cell pattern. Results: Pap smears revealed total mature cell pattern 53,9%(445/825) and total atrophic cell pattern 46.1%(380/825), Percentage of mature cell pattern decreased from 98.2%(168/171)under 44 age group to 13,3%(17/128) over 65 age group and mature cell pattern increased from 1.8%(3/171) under 44 age group to 86.7%(111/128) oyer 65 age group. Mean T-value of each region of lumbar spine and femur of mature cell pattern were lower than that of atrophic cell pattern about -1,5. And osteoporosis has noted in atrophic cell pattern showing odds ratio Ll 13.9, L2 15.3, L3 12.0, L4 10,4, UK 6.7, WT 10.9 and TR 4.1.Atrophic cell pattern started to increase after 45 years of age and osteoporosis of a trophic cell pattern started after 55 years of age. During 50 to 64 years of age period, L3, L4 and WT revealed parallel increased of osteopenia and osteoporosis and Ll, L2 revealed decreased of osteopenia and increased of osteoporosis. nia Conclusion: Above findings suggest that atrophic cell pattern of Pap smear precedes osteoporosis about 10 years and one of predictor of osteoporosis.
PLS기반 c-퍼지 모델트리를 이용한 클로로필-a 농도 예측
이대종(Dae-Jong Lee),박상영(Sang-Young Park),정남정(Nahm-Chung Jung),이혜근(Hye-Keun Lee),박진일(Jin-Il Park),전명근(Meung-Geun Chun) 한국지능시스템학회 2006 한국지능시스템학회논문지 Vol.16 No.6
본 논문에서는 부분최소법 (PLS: Partial least square)과 C-퍼지 모델트리를 적용하여 클로로필-a 농도의 예측 모델을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 모든 입력속성을 고려하여 퍼지 클러스터에 의해 계산된 중심벡터를 설정한 후, 각각의 중심벡터들과 입력속성간의 소속도를 이용하여 내부 노드를 형성하고, 형성된 내부노드에서 PLS를 적용하여 지역모델(Local model)을 구축한다. 노드의 분리기준으로서 부모노드(parent node)에서 구축된 모델에서 계산된 에러값이 자식노드(child node)에서 계산된 에러값보다 클 경우에 분기가 이루어진다. 최종 단계에서는 임의의 입력데이터와 잎노드에서 계산된 클러스터 중심값과 비교하여 소속도가 높은 클러스터에 속한 지역모델을 선택하여 출력값을 예측한다. 제안된 방법의 우수성을 보이 기 위해 수질 데이터를 대상으로 실험한 결과 기존의 모델트리 방식에 비하여 향상된 성능을 보임을 알 수 있었다. This paper proposes a c-fuzzy model tree using partial least square method to predict the Chlorophyll-a concentration in each zone. First, cluster centers are calculated by fuzzy clustering method using all input and output attributes. And then, each internal node is produced according to fuzzy membership values between centers and input attributes. Linear models are constructed by partial least square method considering input-output pairs remained in each internal node. The expansion of internal node is determined by comparing errors calculated in parent node with ones in child node, respectively. On the other hands, prediction is performed with a linear model having the highest fuzzy membership value between input attributes and cluster centers in leaf nodes. To show the effectiveness of the proposed method, we have applied our method to water quality data set measured at several stations. Under various experiments, our proposed method shows better performance than conventional least square based model tree method.