PCR 기법을 이용한 한국내 젖소의 k- casein 과 β- lactoglobulin 유전자형 분석에 관한 연구

이광전(K . J . Lee),김정언(J . U . Kim),이연근(Y . K . Lee),홍경표(K . P . Hong),김경수(K . S . Kim) 한국축산학회 1995 한국축산학회지 Vol.37 No.4

This study was performed to offer rapid and accurate methods of both sire selection and dairy cattle improvement, according to analyzing loci of κ-casein and β-lactaglobulin in Korean dairy cattle. The blood samples used in this study were taken from the 45 Holstein cattle in the nearby Kyung gi province, where milk was sold to Kon-Kuk milk plant. The results obtained were as follows; 1. This study established the extracting method of high quality DNA from the 45 Holsteins blood samples by using phenol and the analysis of κ-casein and β-lactoglobulin polymotphisms by using PCR. 2. Due to the amplification of κ-casein and β-lactoglobulin loci by using PCR, this study confirmed amplified products of 8746p and 961bp, respectively. 3. Due to the restricted enzyme digestion of Taq I and Hind Ill in amplified products of κ-casein, AA type with Hind III and Taq I showed no change of size in amplified products and BB type with Hind III showed 525bp and 350bp fragments and with Taq I showed 558bp and 317bp fragments, respectively. 4. Due to the restricted enzyme digestion of Hph I in amplified products of β-lactoglobulin, all lanes which were digested by restriction enzyme showed 961bp and 741bp fragments and A.4 type showed 220bp, while AB type showed 220bp and 166bp, and BB type showed 166bp fragments, respectively. 5. The κ-casein genotype of Holstein by restricted enzyme digestion gives frequencies of 75.55%, 17.78%, and 6.67%r for AA, AB, and BB types and for A and B alleles being 0.84 and 0.16, respectively. Restriction enzyme digestion of the β-lactoglobulin genotype of Holstein gives frequencies of 34.38%, 43.74%, and 21.88% for AAA, AB, and BB types and for A and B alleles being 0.56 and 0.44, respectively. 6. The fitness test(x²-test) for genotype frequencies of κ-casein and β-lactoglobulin showed gene equilibrium with AA. AB and BB, and β-lactoglobulin indicated Hardy -Weinberg equilibrium in the ratio of being 1:2:1. 7. The genotyping of κ-casein and β-lactoglobulin loci can be utilized for finding the association between genotypes and production traits in dairy cattle.

가계분석에 의한 k- casein 과 β- lactoglobulin 의 유전자형 분리에 관한 연구

이광전(K . J . Lee),김정언(J . U . Kim),이연근(Y . K . Lee),강민식(M . S . Kang),강석형(S . H . Kang) 한국축산학회 1995 한국축산학회지 Vol.37 No.3

This study was performed to offer basic data of both reducing generation interval and improving selection accuracy of dairy cattle for application of parentage test according to analyzing loci of κ-casein and β-lactoglobulin in related Korean dairy cattle using the PCR. The blood samples used in this study were taken from 24 related dairy cattle in Sin-Jung dairy farm and the frozen semen of two straws used in this study were taken from commercial firms. The results obtained were as follows; 1. This study established the extracting method of high quality DNA from the blood samples of 24 related dairy cattle and from two frozen semen samples by using phenol and determined the analyzing method for the polymorphism of κ-casein and β-lactoglobulin using PCR. 2. According to the restricted enzyme digestion in amplified products of κ-casein and β-lactoglobulin using PCR, κ-casein showed AA and AB types, and β-lactoglobulin showed AA, AB, and BB types, respectively. 3. By restricting enzyme digestion, genotypes of κ-caaein and β-lactoglobulin for dairy cows were always derived from genotypes of one parent or both parents. 4. Genetic panems between κ-casein and β-lactoglobulin markers showed independent gene segregations, therefore, in case of being known sire genotypes, genotypes of daughters would be detemuned by probability. 5. For ttte genetic improvement of dairy cattle, if the semen of sire with κ-casein BB or β-lactoglobulin BB were used by the A.I, genotyping method of marker genes can be useful for early identification and selection of dairy calves.

개체모형을 이용한 경주마의 능력지수 개발에 관한 연구

이광전(K . J . Lee),박경도(K . D . Park),양영목(Y . M . Yang),최윤석(Y . S . Choi),안준천(J . C . An),신미영(M . Y . Sin) 한국축산학회 1992 한국축산학회지 Vol.34 No.4

A total of 6,338 racing times of 690 horses was used for this study. Data were repeated racing times of horses that raced at least three times at the 1000m race for a year, 1991 and collected from the Korean Racing Association (K.R.A.). Results obtained were as follows. 1. Investigated percentages of the total variance accounted for by contemporary group, month, day and race were 7.73%, 8.45% and 29.55%, respectively. Ratios ²σ_e/²σ_a and ²σ_e/²σ_p were 3.486 and 10.457, respectively. 2. Animal model used repeated racing times. Estimated breeding values of the horses ranged from -2.44 to +2.65. The regression coefficient and r² of the breeding value on birth-year were 0.04 and 0.001, respectively. Breeding value and permanent environmental effect did not have significant variation among the birth years. 3. The trait that has the highest correlation with estimated breeding values for repeated racing times was the average time. The correlation coefficient between the two traits and estimate of heritability for the average time were 0.86 and 0.41, respectively. 4. Performance index obtained by the multiple regression procedure of the estimated breeding values for the repeated racing times on the other traits was as follows. I = -47.6564 - 0.0193X₁ + 0.6405X₂ + 0.0972X₃ - 0.0047X₄ (r²=0.76) (X₁=best time, X₂=average time, X₃=poorest time, X₄=% races placed 1-2).

Thoroughbred 경주마의 경주능력에 대한 환경요인의 효과 및 유전분산 (遺傳分散) 추정

박경도,이광전,양영목,최윤석,김재남,김연순 ( K . D . Park,K . J . Lee,Y . M . Yang,Y . S . Choi,J . N . Kim,Y . S . Kim ) 한국축산학회 1992 한국축산학회지 Vol.34 No.1

This study was undertaken using a total of 2,577 racing records of horses from September, 1989 to July, 1990 that collected at the K. H. A. A. (Korean Horse Affairs Association) to investigate effects of environmental factors and to estimate genetic variance for racing performance. Results obtained from this study were as follows. Horse`s age, racing number, track condition and racing season showed significant effects on racing time, and winner`s racing time was not appropriate environmental factor for mean racing time in Korea. Racing performance was the best when horse`s age was 3-4yr, racing number was l situated inside, moisture content was more than 16% in track and racing seasons were spring and winter. Estimates of σ²_e by Maximum Likelihood were smaller than those by Minimum Variance Quadratic Unbiased Estimation (MIVQUE). Adjustment for winner`s racing time reduced estimates of σ²_s, σ²_h, and σ²_e, especially, estimates of σ²_h, which were reduced by an average of about 1000% and estimates of repeatabilities were lower than those of heritabilities. Estimates of heritabilities and repeatabilities by nationality ranged from .13±.17 to .30±.20 and from .36±.07 to .52±.14, respectively. Pooled estimates of heritabilities and repeatabilities were .19±.13 and .42± .06 respectively.

Holstein 젖소의 생산형질에 대한 305일 보정계수 개발

이광전(K . J . Lee),강민식(M . S . Kang),박경도(K . D . Park),최윤석(Y . S . Choi),고문석(M . S . Ko) 한국축산학회 1995 한국축산학회지 Vol.37 No.5

This study utilized 29,557 lactation records collected by the KAIA(Korea Animal Improvement Association). DCIC(Dairy Cattle Improvement Center), etc, from 19A5 to 1993 to develop 305-day adjustment factors, and the data consisted of 261.454 test day records. The results obtained were a, follows; 1. Base 305-day yields were calculated on the least square means of lactation stages by parity, season, and age group. 2. It was reasonable to develop multiplicative factors because production lee el was increased and relationships between mean and variance exist. 3. Correlation coefficients between actual 305-day yields and adjusted yields by new correction factors developed by chic study were higher than those proposed by USDA correction factors. 4. It was predicted that accuracy of adjustment factors for fat and protein was higher than that of milk yields, because production levels decreased linearly according to lactation stages, and the trend of SNF yields was similar to that of milk yields. 5. It was reasonable that parities were grouped such as Ist parity, 2nd and over, to study effects of parities for production traits. 6. New correction factor, developed by this study were higher than the USD. As factors, especially after the middle stage of lactation. The problem of underestimation by USDA correction factors can be, therefore, corrected.

개체모형의 유전적 군에 관한 연구

이광전(K . J . Lee),최윤석(Y . S . Choi),설동섭(D . S . Seol),손진기(J . K . Son),양영목(Y . M . Yang) 한국축산학회 1992 한국축산학회지 Vol.34 No.5

1933 milk records and their pedigrees in 48 herds calving from 1985 to 1991 were used to study the methods for genetic grouping in the animal model. The first method (Method 1) was based on sex of parent and birth date and sex of the animal with unknown parent. The second method(Method 2) was based on sex of parent and birth date. There were little differences in iteration time between Method 1 and Method 2. Considering the numbers of iteration to meet convergence, Method 1 was more efficient than Method 2 in data ((reduced data). But for data 2(full data), Method 2 had fewer numbers of iteration to meet convergence compared to Method 1. PTA correlations between Method 1 and Method 2 were relatively low(0.72). When permanent environmental effect was not considered in the animal model, correlations between Method 1 and Method 2 were the lowest for PTA and their ranks (0.56, 0.68). Method 1 seemed to be superior to Method 2 considering PTA correlations between intermediate iterations and last iteration. It was suggested that Method 1 is more desirable for genetic grouping of the animal model in the point of low PTA correlations between Method 1 and Method 2, as well as little differences in iteration time and iteration number. It shows that the additive genetic effect for milk yield has been continuously increased since 1976, considering animal model`s PTA based on Method 1 for genetic grouping.

MOET 의 교배계획에 따른 근친계수와 선발반응의 변화

이광전(K . J . Lee),김원산(W . S . Kim),이연근(Y . K . Lee),강민식(M . S . Kang),장길원(K . W . Chang),김준식(J . S . Kim) 한국낙농학회 1999 韓國酪農學會誌 Vol.21 No.1

N/A N/A

체형 형질에 대한 보정계수 개발

이광전(K . J . Lee),강민식(M . S . Kang),조광현(K . H . Cho),강민구(M . G . Kang),이상기(S . G . Lee) 한국축산학회 1994 한국축산학회지 Vol.36 No.6

This study utilized 10,502 linear type scores collected by KAIA from 1984 to 1993 with records consisting of 15 primary traits and final score. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. Rump width scores were positively correlated with parity and age but udder support scores were negatively correlated with them. 2. Among the age and lactation groups, the over-3rd parity group had tower fore-udder attachment scores than the 1 st or 2nd parity groups. 3. A multiplicative adjustment factor was more suitable for adjusting type scores than additive adjustment factor. 4. It was suggested that establishment of a base score is necessary to develop adjustment factors for each type trait.

혈록관계와 (血綠關係) 유전적 군이 포함된 혼합모형에 의한 젖소 종모우의 육종가 추정

이광전(K . J . Lee),양영목(Y . M . Yang),양희성(H . S . Yang) 한국축산학회 1989 한국축산학회지 Vol.31 No.11

This study was undertaken to estimate dairy sires` breeding value by BLUP procedures with additive relationship and genetic group. The data used consisted of calving during the years 1976 to 1987 on Holstein cows in 29 dairy farms of Kyung-Kee, Chung-Nam, Kyung-Nam, Kyung-Buk, and Kang-Won Provinces. In total there were 1129 records and 43 sires. All records were standardized to 305-days, 2x milking and mature-equivalent by USDA-DHIA correction factors. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The variance components of sire, herd-year-season* sire, and error for milk yield by Henderson Method III were 121300.80445, 126877.24500, and 1575221.08369, respectively. The heritability for milk yield was 0.26. 2. The BLUE values of H.Y.S. ranged widely from 815.437㎏ to 6240.884㎏, the herd number 29 was the highest rank. 3. The breeding value of sires ranged widely from-529.401㎏ to +4459.008㎏. 4. The sires of registered number 1479300, 1625389 and 10395 were the highest rank of the genetic group Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ respectively. 5. The sires of registered number 1625389, 1597697 and 320576 were the first, the second, and the third rank in all, respectively.

더러브렛 경주마의 경주형질들에 대한 유전모수의 추정

이광전(K . J . Lee),박경도(K . D . Park),강민구(M . G . Kang),김덕락(D . R . Kim),문윤영(Y . Y . Moon) 한국축산학회 1995 한국축산학회지 Vol.37 No.1

The results obtained from a total of 18.926 rating records of 1,345 horses, from the Korea Racing Horse Association were as follows. 1. Square root transformations for total money (TM), average money (TM/S), curd percentage of first through second rank(% FSR) with a single record were more normally distributed than having natural logarithms. 2. Heridbility estimates for lest time average time. /TM/S, and / % FSR with entire records were 0.41, 0.53, 0.39, and 0.33, respectively. And heritabilities for the carne traits in 3-year-old horses generally showed highest. Taking account of genetic correlations among performance traits being always larger than those of phenotype, it was indicated that environmental factors were very important in racing taut, of horses. 3. the performance traits with repeated records were racing time, placing, and money in a race. Square root transformation of money in a race was more useful than that of natural logarithm, just like average money (TM/S). Considering the uniform distribution of placing records, transformation of placing records was implied to be important. 4. The estimates of heritibilities for racing time, money and placing in a race were 0.23, 0.10, arid 0.14, respectively. On the other hand, repeatabilities for the same traits were 0.34, 0.21, and 0.15, respectively. Taking in account racing time as being a good indicator of environmental effects, it should be considered as the most important trait in the genetic evaluation of racing horses. 5. PTAs` corelations between single records arid repeated records for racing traits were relatively high, and the same trend was found by age groups. Both genetic and phenotypic correlations for performance traits by age groups ranked highest in 4-year-old horses. This indicated that racing records for 4-year-old horses were very important for the genetic evaluation of racing horses.