乳牛의 泌乳能力에 影響을 미치는 遺傳과 環境效果에 관한 硏究

梁榮穆,梁熙晟 건국대학교 1989 論文集 Vol.29 No.2

This study was undertaken to investigate the genetic and environmental effects for 305-day and ME 305-day milk yield, far yield and fat percent by using three different mixed model. Lactation records were collected from 1973 to 1987 on Holstein cows in 29 dairy farms of Krung-Ki, Chung-Nam, Kyung-Nam, Kyong-Buk, and Kang-Won provinces. In total there were 778 records and 35 sires. The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows. L. The overall mean of 305-day and ME305-day adjusted lactation traits were 6205.6Kg and 7227.2Kg for milk yield, 220.4Kg and 252.6Kg for fat yield, 3.67% and 3.54% for fat percent, respectively. 2. The effects of herd and sire for all traits, the effects of age at calving for 305-day milk yield, 305-day and ME305-day fat field, ME305-day fat percent under model (2), and the effect of parity for 305-day and ME305-day milk yield, 305-day fat yield under model (3) were highly significant (P< 0.01), respectively. 3. The effect of age al calving was increased over time and after 73∼84 month's age apeared declining. 4. The effect of calving season showed that cows that calved during winter and spring season produced more milk yield and fat yield than cows that calved during summer and autumn season, and that cows that calved during summer season were the highest fat percent. 5. The effect of parity was increased over time and third lactation was the highest milk yield and forth lactation was the highest fat yield, but third lactation was the lowest fat percent. 6. The sire of number 22 was the highest rank for milk and fat yield, the sire of number 32 was the highest rank for fat percent. 7. Use of mixed model(3) that parity was added to mixed model(2) caused to change the ranking of the sires. 8. The sire and error component of variance for milk yield and fat yield were increased, and the error component of variance for fat percent was decreased by age adjustment. The heritabilities for milk yield, fat yield and fat percent of 305-day and ME305-day were increased in ME305-day, were 0.25 and 0.29, 0.25 and 0.27, 0.43 and 0.58, respectively. 9. In the correlation, between age at calving and parity was high and positive value (0.93), between milk yield and fat yield was positive values (0.78∼ 0.79), between fat yield and fat percent was positive values (0.29∼0.31), between milk yield and fat percent was negative values(-0.32∼-0.36).

철 과잉투여가 흰쥐의 Hepatic Fibrogenesis와 Collagen 및 TGF-$\beta$I 유전자 발현에 미치는 영향

양영목,박종환,이현영,정연희,김해영 한국식품영양과학회 2001 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.30 No.2

Iron excess is known to affect long-term iron accumulation and tissue change such as fibrosis in liver. To determine the changes of expression level of genes associated with fibrosis by short-term iron exposure, we measured liver mRNA levels by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in rats fed dietary carbonyl iron (3%, wt/wt) for 9 weeks. The results showed that the expression of the collagen (I, III) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-$\beta$I mRNAs was enhanced in high-dose iron treated rat, compared to normal-dose iron treated rat. An electron microscopy study revealed that excess iron caused increase of collagen fibrils in liver. The cell shapes and compositions of hepatocytes and extracellular matrix(ECM) in liver were changed by the iron-treatment. Also, necrosised hepatocytes were broadly seen in ECM. Taken together, we suggest that iron overload affects changes of collagen and TGF-$\beta$I gene expression and these changes are associated with liver fibrogenesis.

고혈압 형질에 대한 Disease model의 개발에 관한 연구

양영목,문언수 건국대학교 1996 學術誌 Vol.40 No.2

This study was undertaken to develop Disease Models for hypertension. The risk factors of hypertension reported are genetic factors, age, body size, excercise, stress, smoking and alcohol. We selected the 2,973 persons who had been taken annual routine health examination from hospital of college of medicine, Kon-kuk University. And we studied the prevalance of hypertension and the effect of sex, age, blood glucose level(BGL), cholesterol, body mass index(BMI) and Broca Index(BRI) by Disease Models for hypertension. There were significant differences in the levels of blood pressure among body mass index, Broca index, age, sex and blood glucose level by Disease Models for hypertension. The effects of variance component of BMI, age, sex, BGL, cholesterol and error for systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were 13.1% and 13.5%, 8.8% and 7.0%, 2.8% and 4.1%, 1.7% and 1.2%, 0.3% and 0.7%, and 73.3% and 73.5%, respectively. Key Words : Disease Model, hypertension, SBP, DBP, variance component

번식 육종 2 ; 종모우의 육종가 추정 모형에 따른 정확도의 비교에 관한 연구

양영목,이광전 한국동물자원과학회 ( 구 한국축산학회 ) 1991 한국축산학회 심포지움자료집 Vol.- No.-

Disease Model의 개발에 관한 기초 연구

양영목,문언수 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1994 건국의과학학술지 Vol.4 No.-

This study was undertaken to develop disease models that investigate effects of environmental factors and estimate genetic parameters for polygenic multifactorial traits, such as hypertension, diabetes, schizophrenia, allergies and cancers. The disease model (1) obtained by the linear model procedure can show significant effects on all environmental factors of the disease, and the disease model (@) can investigate effects of significant environmental factors. The genetic parameter, heritability for the disease can be estimated by regression model (6)) and genetic model (7) using the regression coefficient (b) of offspring on parent(h²=2b).

종두우의 육종가 추정 모형에 따른 정확도의 비교에 관한 연구 1 . 종두우의 평가 모형에 따른 정확도의 비교

양영목(Y . M . Yang),이광전(K . J . Lee) 한국축산학회 1991 한국축산학회지 Vol.33 No.9

This study was undertaken to estimate true and approximate reliabilities in BLUP-models with and without maternal grandsires(MGS). A total of 2,121 records(milk and fat yields) sired by 76 sires(14 MGSS) was used for calculating reliabilities on the breeding values of dairy sires. The results obtained are as follows. 1. Effective number of daughters per sire varied from 7.14 to 174.58. 2. Without considering MGS, reliabilities ranged from 0.295 to 0.863, and from 0.276 to 0.855 in milk and fat yields, respectively. 3. Considering MGS, MGS-model reduced the predicted error variance(PEV) by more than 9.5% and reliabilities ranged from 0.342 to 0.872 and from 0.322 to 0.86.3 in milk and fat yields, respectively. This result indicates that we should pay more attention to the reliability estimates. 4. Approximate reliabilities are always overestimated over the true estimates. 5. When true estimate was more than 0.55, the deviation between approximate and true estimates decreased. These results indicate that approximate method is useful as a reliability estimation.

젖소 케토시스 지표형질의 비유단계별 유전모수 추정

박미나,최연호,M. Alam,박병호,최태정,이승수,최재관,이재구,박상출,양영목,조광현 한국국제농업개발학회 2015 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.27 No.4

케토시스 지표형질에 영향하는 환경요인을 살펴보기 위하여비유단계, 계절 및 착유시간에 대한 생산형질의 변화를 살펴보았다. 유량은 비유일수가 증가할수록 높아지는 추세를 보였고, 유지방 함량, 유단백 함량, 무지고형분 함량은 DIM1(비유초기)에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 계절에 따른 생산형질의 변화를 살펴보면 유량은 봄·겨울에 높게 나타났고, 유지방 함량과유당 함량, Acetone 및 BHBA 모두 가을에 높게 나타났다.또한 유량은 오전 착유시간이 높았고, 유지방 함량 및 유단백함량은 오후 시간대가 높게 나타났다. 환경요인에 따른 생산형질 및 케토시스 지표형질의 함량은 모두 유의적 차이를 보였으며, 분석모형을 설정함에 있어 위의 환경요인은 고려되어야 할 사항이다. 생산형질과 케토시스 지표형질의 상관관계 분석 결과 유량의 경우 Acetone 및 BHBA의 수치가 증가할수록 감소하는추세를 보였고, 유지방 함량은 반대로 Acetone 및 BHBA의수치가 증가할수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 비유단계와BHBA의 농도는 음의 상관관계를 보인다는 기존의 결과와 반대로 분석결과 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 유전력은 착유일5 ~ 20일에서 0.03 착유일 21 ~ 40일은 0.05 착유일 41 ~ 60일은 0.04 착유일 61 ~ 80일은 0.08 착유일 81 ~ 100일은 0.04의 유전력을 보였다. 이는 비유 5일째에 준임상형 케토시스의발병률이 가장 높게 나타난다는 기존의 연구결과에 비추어 볼때 유전력이 낮게 추정된 것으로 사료되며, 이는 1산차의 분석 자료수가 충분치 않은 결과로 추정된다. 케토시스 저항성개체 선발을 위한 유전평가모형에 적용가능한 선발지수를 개발하기 위해서는 여러해의 축적된 자료를 이용한 분석이 필요한 것으로 판단된다. A objective of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters for concentrations of β- hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and acetone in milk, as indicate traits of clinical or subclinical ketosis, of different lactation stages of Holstein cattle in Korea. The records from a total of 25,149 cows were used in the present study. Milk samples of each cow were collected twice on monthly test day (AM and PM). The milk components and concentrations of BHBA and acetone were obtained through MilkoScan FT+500 (Foss, Denmark). A total of 41, 265 records (AM-20,667; PM-20,598) from multiple lactation stages in each lactation were used to estimate the genetic parameters, using an animal model. Furthermore genetic and phenotypic correlations among lactation stages for BHBA content were estimated to find a proper timely genetic evaluation. Results showed that the milk yield increased gradually as lactation stages passed. In contrast, the fat, protein, and solids-not-fat (SnF) measures were higher at DIM1. The milk yield was higher in spring and winter, whereas a higher fat, lactose, acetone, and BHBA in milk were observed in autumn. All traits differed significantly (P<0.001) according to season, milking time, and lactation stages. Heritability of concentration of BHBA in milk were 0.03 in DIM1, 0.05 in DIM2, 0.04 in DIM3, 0.08 in DIM4 and 0.04 in DIM5, respectively. The heritability of first lactation stage (DIM1) for BHBA were estimated lower than the previously studies. The results suggested that the elaborate and accurate system of collection, analysis and evaluation of BHBA and acetone measurements in milk should be developed for the efficient selection on ketosis resistance through the indicator traits.

담낭담석 보유군과 비보유군 사이의 혈중 콜레스테롤 농도의 비교

이태의,양영목,문언수 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1999 건국의과학학술지 Vol.8 No.-

The aim of this study was to compare the serum cholesterol level between patients with and without gallbladder stones. Serum cholesterol levels were analyzed in 126 patients with gallbladder stones and in 99 controls. The analysis by t-test showed that patients with gallbladder stones had higher serum cholesterol level than controls in both sexes. Patients with gallbladder stones over 40 years of age had higher serum cholesterol levels than controls of same age in both sexes, but, there were no differences in serum cholesterol level between the patients with gallbladder stones and the controls below 40 years of age.

Disease Model에 의한 비만과 연령이 고혈압에 미치는 영향과 유전적 다형성에 관한 연구

문언수,양영목,박종환 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1996 건국의과학학술지 Vol.6 No.-

본 연구는 고혈압에 영향을 미치는 주요 환경요인의 하나인 비만과 연령의 효과를 Disease Model을 이용하여 측정하였으며, 앞으로 PCR(polymerase chain reaction) 기법을 이용하여 고혈압 군과 정상 혈압 군의 안지오텐신 전환효소 유전자의 intron 16에 위치한 287bp의 insertion / deletion의 유전적 다형성과 비만 및 비만 유전자, 나이 및 노화 유전자 등과의 관련성을 추적하기 위한 기초적인 자료를 얻기 위하여 실시하였다. 본 연구에서 이용된 자료는 1994년도에 실시된 직장인 성인에 대한 정기 건강진단 자료 총 2,973명에 대한 것이었다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 고혈압의 유병률은 수축기 혈압에서 15.5%와 이완기 혈압에서 27.2%의 높은 유병률을 나타내 이완기 고혈압 쪽에서 유병률이 더 높았다. 2) 연령에 따른 고혈압의 유병률은 남녀 모두 연령이 증가할수록 높아졌으며 40대 초까지는 남성이 높다가 40대 중반부터 남녀가 비슷하게 나타났다. 또한 남녀 모두 40대 초부터 유병률이 급격히 높아졌으며 60대 이후의 남성과 50대 중반의 여성에서는 약 60%의 높은 유병률을 보였다. 3) 비만에 따른 혈압 상승 효과는 전체 군에서는 비만도의 증가에 따라 혈압도 상승하였는데, 고혈압 군에서 SBP와 DBP 모두 BMI 값이 아주 높은 곳에서 최고 혈압치를 보였다. 4) 본 연구에서 분석된 요인들의 분산성분의 크기는 체질량지수(BMI)에서 SBP=13.1%와 DBP=13.5%로 나타났으며, 다음으로 연령에서 SBP=8.8%와 DBP=7.0%, 성별에서 SBP=2.8%와 DBP=4.1% 순이었다. 5) 고혈압에서의 유전적 다형성의 활용 등 고혈압의 원인 규명에 관련된 모든 연구 결과를 종합하고 평가하는 데 있어서 Disease Model 은 유용하게 활용될 수 있다. We studied the prevalance of hypertension and the effect of sex, age, body mass index(BMI) and Broca index(BRI(%)) by Disease Model for hypertension. We selected the 2,973 persons who had been taken annual routine health examination from hospital of college of medicine, Kon-Kuk University. Obesity is a cause of reversible hypertension that is typically associated with increases in both peripheral resistance and cardiac output. There were significant differences in the levels of blood pressure among body mass index, Broca index, age and sex by Disease Model for hypertension. The effects of variance component of BMI, age, sex and error for systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were 13.1% and 13.5%, 8.8% and 7.0%, 2.8% and 4.1%, and 75.3% and 75.4%, respectively. The Disease Models and the tools of molecular biology provide the means to define the environmental factors and the genetic basis of hypertensive diseases.

PHA로 자극된 T cell에서 분비된 미지의 물질이 지니는 Human Neutrophil의 수명연장, Superoxide 및 Leukotriene C₄생산증가 작용효과

허억,양영목 大韓免疫學會 1993 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.15 No.-

There are several direct and indirect ways in which T cells could enhance the anti-bacterial capabilities of neutrophils. However it is not yet clear out which molecule or cytokine produced by T cells is involved in the phagocytic action and viability sustaining activity of neutrophils. The aim of this study was about a factor, which produced by the phytohaemagglutinin(PHA)-stimulated T cells, may control those neutrophil actions. Human peripheral blood T cells and neutrophils were isolated by Ficoll-paque density sedimentation from heparinized blood of healthy adult donors. The purity of these cells were more than 90%. T cells were stimulated in various dose(0.1-10gg/ml) of PHA for various times of incubation(0-3 days), and then PHA-stimulated T cell conditioned medium was collected in order to find an optimal dose and incubation time for the neutrophil viability. It was found out that 1,ug/ml of PHA in 12 hours incubation was maximal effective condition for the neutrophil sustaining viability. The effects of PHA-stimulated T cell conditioned medium(TCM) on the neutrophils were used for the comparison with PHA-nonstimulated TCM or enriched medium alone. Neutrophil sustaining viability with PHA-stimulated TCM for 24 hours incubation was significantly higher than other groups (80 ± 10 vs 25 ±15 vs 13 ± 9; p <0.01). The superoxide prodution from neutrophils with PHA-stimulated TCM for 24 hours incubation were also significantly higher than other groups(25±4 vs 11±4 vs 7±5; p <0.01). In the leukotriene C4 (LTC4) release, neutrophils with PHA-stimulated TCM for 24 hours incubation were different from other group (105 ± 20 vs 65 ±1O vs 25 ± 32 ; p <0.01), and unlikely other parameters the cells with PHA-nonstimulated TCM was different from the cells with enriched medium alone(65 -1:10 vs 25-± 32; p<0.05). In two dimension electrophoresis it was shown that PHA-stimulated T cells enhanced three proteins(66kD, 60kD, 45kD) and diminished one(40kD) in the production and/or release of proteins in comparison with PHA-nonstimulated T cells. These data suggest that these proteins from the PHA-stimulated T cells might be involved in the phagocytic actions of neutrophils.