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직업 및 교육수준에 따른 사망원인별 비례사망비의 연도별 추이: 1993-2004년 우리나라 사망등록자료의 분석
김기혜,이경학,이상민,이승연,이예승,임경리,장지은,조상원,최은혜,정성태,진은정,손미아,Kim, Ki-Hye,Lee, Kyung-Hak,Lee, Sang-Min,Lee, Seung-Yeon,Lee, Ye-Seung,Lim, Kyoung-Ree,Chang, Jee-Eun,Cho, Sang-Won,Choi, Eun-Hye,Chung, Sung-Tae,Jin, E 대한예방의학회 2007 예방의학회지 Vol.40 No.1
Objectives : This study investigated the relationship of occupational class and educational background with proportional mortality ratios in Korea. Methods : Mortality was investigated using the entire registered death data from 1993 to 2004, obtained from the Korean National Statistics Office. Proportional mortality ratios (PMRs) for specific diseases were calculated according to the occupational class and educational background of men aged 20-64. Results : Manual workers were found to have higher PMRs for liver disease and traffic accidents, as did the lower educated group. Especially, this study showed trends of an increasing of the wide gap between lower and higher socioeconomic stati for liver disease, traffic accidents, diabetes mellitus and cerebral vascular disease. The mortality for cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, traffic accident and liver disease showed increasing trends according to the calendar year for the lower than the higher social class. Conclusions : The specific conditions that had higher PMRs in the Korean lower social class were liver disease and traffic accidents. Especially, there was an increasing trend for a widening of the gap between manual and non-manual groups in relation to mortality from liver disease, diabetes mellitus and traffic accidents.
Memory Effect를 최소화한 C-대역 내부 정합 GaAs 전력증폭기
최운성(Woon-Sung Choi),이경학(Kyung-Hak Lee),어윤성(Yun-Seong Eo) 한국전자파학회 2013 한국전자파학회논문지 Vol.24 No.11
본 논문에서는 C-대역에서 입출력 정합 회로가 패키지에 내장된 10 W급 내부 정합 증폭기 설계 및 제작을 하였다. 전력증폭기 설계에 사용한 트랜지스터로 GaAs pHEMT bare-chip을 사용하였다. 트랜지스터 패드 위치와 커패시터 크기를 고려한 와이어 본딩 해석으로 정확도 높은 설계를 하였다. 패키지와 정합 회로를 함께 EM simulation하여 패키지가 정합 회로에 미치는 영향을 해석하였다. 2-tone 측정 시 memory effect로 인해 발생되는 IMD3의 비대칭성을 줄이기 위한 memory effect 감쇄 바이어스 회로를 제안 및 설계하였다. 측정 결과, 7.1~7.8 ㎓ 대역에서 P1㏈는 39.8~40.4 ㏈m, 전력 이득은 9.7~10.4 ㏈, 효율은 33.4~38.0 %을 얻었고, 제안된 memory effect 감쇄 바이어스 회로로 IMD3(Upper)와 IMD3(Lower)차는 0.76 ㏈ 이하를 얻었다. In this paper, a C-band 10 W power amplifier with internally matched input and output matching circuit is designed and fabricated. The used power transistor for the power amplifier is GaAs pHEMT bare-chip. The wire bonding analysis considering the size of the capacitor and the position of transistor pad improves the accurate design. The matching circuit design with the package effect using EM simulation is performed. To reduce the unsymmetry of IMD3 in 2-tone measurement due to the memory effect, the bias circuit minimizing the memory effect is proposed and employed. The measured P1㏈, power gain, and power added efficiency are 39.8~40.4 ㏈m, 9.7~10.4 ㏈, and 33.4~38.0 %, respectively. Adopting the proposed bias circuit, the difference between the upper and lower IMD3 is less than 0.76 ㏈.
논문 : 간벌강도 및 주기에 따른 동적 흉고직경 생장예측 모형개발 -기존 수확표 자료를 기반으로-
김문일 ( Moon Il Kim ),이우균 ( Woo Kyun Lee ),박태진 ( Tae Jin Park ),곽한빈 ( Han Bin Kwak ),변정연 ( Jung Yeon Byun ),남기준 ( Ki Jun Nam ),이경학 ( Kyung Hak Lee ),손영모 ( Yung Mo Son ),원형규 ( Hyung Kyu Won ),이상민 ( Sang 한국임학회 2012 한국산림과학회지 Vol.101 No.2
본 연구에서는 우리나라 주요 수종을 대상으로 간벌강도 및 주기에 따른 흉고직경생장을 예측할 수 있는 동적생장모형을 개발하였다. 그동안 산림청에서 구축한 정적생장모형인 임분수확표를 이용하여 총 8개 수종에 대한 동적생장모형을 구축하였다. 간벌종류는 하층간벌을 전제로 하였으며, 간벌강도별로 간벌후의 흉고직경변화를 예측할 수 있는 함수식을 구축하였다. 또한, 임령, 지위지수 이외에도 ha당 본수를 설명변수로 하는 흉고직경여 총함수식을 유도하였다. 이와 같이 구축된수확표를 이여 모형을 이용하여 간벌강도 및 주기별로 확표를 이 다양하이여 될 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 개발된수확표를 용하여 모형을 이용해 숲가꾸기 등의 산림시업이 산림용하 및 임목축분수변화에 미치는 효과를 파악할 수 있으며, 나아이산림의 탄소흡수능력을 평가하는데 본 연구결과가 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이다. The objective of this study was developing dynamic stand growth model to predict diameter at breast height (DBH) growth by thinning intensity and cycle for major tree species of South Korea. The yield table, one of static stand growth models, constructed by Korea Forest Service was employed to prepare dynamic stand growth models for 8 tree species. In the process of model development, the thinning type was designated to thinning from below and equations for predicting the DBH change after thinning by different intensities was generated. In addition, stand density (N/ha), age and site index were adopted as explanatory variables for DBH prediction model. Thereafter, using the model, DBH growth under various silvicuture through integrating such equations considering thinning intensities, and cycles, The dynamic stand growth model of DBH developed in this study can provide understanding of effectiveness in forest growth and growing stock when thinning practice is performed in forest, Furthermore, results of this study is also applicable to quantitatively assess the carbon storage sequestration capability.
위상 잡음 특성 개선을 위한 상호 결합 구조의 발진기 설계 및 제작
최정완,도지훈,이형규,강동진,윤호석,이경학,홍의석,Choi, Jeong-Wan,Do, Ji-Hoon,Lee, Hyung-Kyu,Kang, Dong-Jin,Yoon, Ho-Seok,Lee, Kyung-Hak,Hong, Ui-Seok 한국전자파학회 2006 한국전자파학회논문지 Vol.17 No.11
본 논문에서는 상호 결합 구조의 발진기를 이용하여 우수한 위상 잡음 특성을 얻었다. 상호 결합 구조의 발진기는 두 개의 발진기 출력 신호의 위상을 변화시켜 결합시키는 구조를 가졌으며, 유전율 2.5인 테프론 기판과 Surface Mount Gallium Arsenide FET 소자를 이용하여 제작하였다. 그리고 두 발진기가 9.3 GHz에서 상호 결합 위상 조건을 만족시키기 위해 바이어스만으로 조절할 수 있는 구조를 제안하였다. 4.4 V의 전압을 인가했을 때 37 mA의 전류가 흐르는 발진기는 -96.37 dBc(@100kHz offset frequency), -73.46 dBc(@10kHz offset frequency)의 위상잡음 특성을 나타내었고, 8.1 V를 인가했을 때 69 mA를 갖는 발진기의 출력과 상호 결합하여 -106.7 dEc(@100kHz offset frequency), -81 dBc(@10kHz offset frequency)의 우수한 위상 잡음 특성을 나타내었다. In this paper, mutually coupled oscillator is employed to improve phase noise. Mutually coupled structure oscillator couples two oscillator's phase shifted output signals, that is fabricated using teflon board which has dielectric constant of 2.5 and Surface Mount Gallium Arsenide FET devices. And this paper proposed the structure to bias adjustment for the phase condition of mutually couples. When one oscillator has bias point of 4.4 V and 37 mA, it's output signal has phase noise characteristic of -96.37 dBc(@9305 MHz, offset frequency 100 KHz), -73.46 dBc(10 kHz). and After it's output signal mutually coupled the other's output signal that has bias point of 8.1 V and 69 mA, it has superior phase noise characteristic of -106.7 dBc(@9305 MHz, offset frequency 100 kHz), -81 dBc(10 kHz).
김영철 ( Yeong Cheol Kim ),최석호 ( Suk Ho Choi ),한국남 ( Kuk Nam Han ),이경학 ( Kyung Hak Lee ),이수언 ( Soo Eun Lee ),서길준 ( Gil Joon Suh ),윤여규 ( Yeo Kyou Yoon ) 대한외상학회 2011 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.24 No.2
Purpose: We analyzed the medical costs for severely traumatized patients according to the severity and medical performance so that we couldimprove the financial balance of the trauma center. Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on patients visiting SNUH Trauma Center from May 2011 to August 2011. Among a total of 55 severely traumatized patients, 31 patients whose medical bills were available and categorized were included in this study. The injury severity score (ISS) was calculated from the abbreviated injury score (AIS), which was updated in 2008,for each patient to assess the severity of injury. Major trauma was defined as an ISS above 15. Results: The 31 patients in this study included 20 males and 11 females. The average ISS was 33.23±16.65 points. We categorize the patients into three groups according to ISS, 16-24: group 1, 25-40: group 2, and above 41: group 3. Total incomes, admission fees, surgery fees, and imaging test fees are shown in table 1. The costs seem to be higher costs in group 2, but this result has no statistical significance. Statistical significantly data are as follows: high radiologic test fees in group 1, short hospital stay in groups 1 and 2, and short ICU stay in group 1. The averagehospital stay was 17 days, and the average emergency intensive care unit (EICU) stay was 7.5 days. Although the EICU stay was only 44% of the total hospital stay, the income from the EICU covers 79.4% of the total hospital income. Conclusion: From this study, we found several items that show relatively high medical income from severely traumatized patients visiting the SNUH Trauma Center. Most of the medical fees arise in the early phase of acute medicine usually in the ICU. Efforts to identify the items with high income and to minimize expenses will improve the financial structure of the Trauma Center, which is facing a budget crisis.