남해지역 마늘종의 이화학적 특성

윤환식,강민정,황초롱,심혜진,김경민,신정혜 한국식품저장유통학회 2014 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.21 No.3

This paper introduces the physicochemical characteristics of garlic shoots investigated in the 8 areas of Namhae, Gohyeon-myeon (GHM), Nam-myeon (NM), Samdong-myeon (SDM), Namhae-eup (NHE), Seo-myeon (SM), Seolcheon-myeon (SCM), Idong-myeon (IDM) and Changsoen-myeon (CSM). The moisture was 80.15±0.37 ~83.87±0.15 g/100 g. The crude protein and lipid were 1.59±0.02~2.25±0.09 g/100 g and 0.35±0.01~0.48±0.03 g/100 g, respectively. Ash was 0.65±0.03~0.71±0.03 g/100 g. In addition, the total levels of phenol and flavonoid were searched as 33.02±1.78~58.41±1.08 mg/100 g and 11.60±3.36~23.95±2.04 mg/100 g, respectively. The garlic shoots in IDM, where the highest total chlorophyll level detected as 170.58±1.04 ㎍/g and in CSM, where the lowest total chlorophyll level investigated as 116.65±0.00 ㎍/g, were unveiled. The mineral elements (S, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Mn and Zn) were analyzed by ICP-OES, and K was the most highly contained mineral with 7257.0±87.9~10070.0±9.7 mg/kg. Significant feature of garlic shoots in IDM and NHE was that the total amounts of mineral were relatively higher than other regions as 21,143.5 mg/kg and 20,581.2 mg/kg, respectively. The cultivating regions were revealed as the one of important matters with the level of allicin (78.03±6.15~203.43±18.47 mg/kg). In particular, the level of allicin of garlic raised in SDM (203.43±18.47 mg/kg) was approximately 2.2~2.6 times higher than those in CSM (92.86±8.70 mg/kg) and SCM (78.03±6.15 mg/kg). The sulfur compounds content of diallyl trisulde was remarkably higher, especially the garlic shoots in IDM with 830.62±14.69~1281.10±27.71 mg/kg.

위장관 ; 한국의 염증성 장질환 환자에서의 예방접종

윤환식 ( Hwan Sic Yun ),민양원 ( Yang Won Min ),장동경 ( Dong Kyoung Chang ),이풍렬 ( Poong Lyul Rhee ),김재준 ( Jae J Kim ),이종철 ( Jong Chul Rhee ),김영호 ( Young Ho Kim ) 대한소화기학회 2013 대한소화기학회지 Vol.61 No.4

Background/Aims: Vaccinations are generally recommended in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, several studies showed low rates of vaccinations in IBD patients. Furthermore, vaccination rate among IBD patients in Korea has never been investigated. We investigated the vaccination rate among IBD patients in Korea and evaluated some factors that might affect the vaccination rate. Methods: From November 2011 to February 2012, a total of 192 patients with IBD who visited Samsung Medical Center (Seoul, Korea) answered the IRB-approved questionnaire. The questionnaire included their sex, age, residence, past medical history, type of IBD, duration of illness, medications, history of vaccination about measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), varicella, tetanus-diphtheria (Td), influenza, hepatitis A and B, pneumococcus and human papilloma virus (HPV). Results: One hundred twenty one (63.0%) male and 71 (37.0%) female answered the questionnaire. The mean age of the enrolled patients was 39.7 (18-76) years. Eighty four patients (43.8%) had ulcerative colitis and 108 patients (56.3%) had Crohn`s disease (CD). The percentage of the patients who had got vaccination was 42.2% for MMR, 34.9% for varicella, 15.6% for Td, 37.5% for influenza, 15.6% for hepatitis A, 52.6% for hepatitis B, 6.3% for pneumococcus and 11.3% for HPV respectively. Not knowing the necessity or the existence were the common reasons for non-vaccination. Age less than 40 years, CD patients and duration of illness less than 10 years were associated with a higher vaccination rate (p=0.002, 0.015 and 0.020, respectively). Conclusions: Immunization rates for recommended vaccinations were very low in patients with IBD. Efforts to improve vaccination rate are needed. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2013;61:203-208)

연구논문 : 흑마늘과 남해특용작물을 혼합 첨가하여 제조한 소시지의 품질특성

윤환식 ( Hwan Sik Yoon ),신정혜 ( Jung Hye Shin ),강민정 ( Min Jung Kang ) 한국식품조리과학회(구 한국조리과학회) 2014 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.30 No.4

In this paper, we made sausages which included 1% black garlic extracts at 15 °Bx mixed with 0.3% dried powders of Curcuma longa L. (ST1), Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten (ST2), Asparagus ocinals L. (ST3) and Aloe vera (ST4), respectively, and evaluated the quality of the sausage by instrumental analysis and sensory evaluation. The sausages were stored at 8℃ for 4 weeks. In terms of color intensity, ST2 provided the highest lightness (L) and redness (a), while the yellowness (b) was the highest in ST3. In the initial duration, the control group of sausage showed the highest texture measurement. ST4 had the lowest pH level (highest acidity). These outcomes decreased as the storage time became longer. In the initial storage duration, the ST4 had the highest total sugar content (17.64±0.92 mg/100g), and this increased with longer storage duration. Since the contents of TBARS for the proposed sausages had been incremented, the initial contents were generally lower than those of the control sausages. The ABTS radical scavenging activity was performed as 89.11±0.66~99.22±0.09% at the 1000 μg/mL level during the initial day of storage. To conclude, the sausages supplemented the black garlic with the proposed dried powders have a high chance of being a suitable commercial product for both customs and marketing eld.

증례 : Listeria monocytogenes 감염의 복부 대동맥류 1예: A new case & review of the Literature

윤환식 ( Hwan Sic Yun ),김영찬 ( Young Chan Kim ),민양원 ( Yang Won Min ),김장용 ( Jang Yong Kim ),김영욱 ( Young Wook Kim ),김덕경 ( Duk Kyung Kim ) 대한내과학회 2007 대한내과학회지 Vol.73 No.1S

마늘종의 화학적 특성 및 생리활성

강민정,윤환식,신정혜 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2012 농업생명과학연구 Vol.46 No.4

마늘종의 영양학적 특성 및 생리활성 물질에 대한 기초자료를 확보하고자 생 마늘종과 데친 마늘종의 이화학적 성분을 비교․분석하였다. 생 마늘종의 수분은 85.14±0.35%, 조단백 및 조지방은 0.79±0.26% 및 2.96±0.03%였으며 비타민 C는 생 마늘종이 7.07±0.84 mg/100 g으로 더 높았다. 총 페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량은 데친 마늘종에서 더 높아 각각 17.89±1.46 및 8.68±0.24 mg/100 g이었다. 총 클로로필 함량은 생 마늘종이 6.86±0.60 mg/100 g이었으며 데친 마늘종에서는 6.70±0.46 mg/100 g으로 유의차가 없었다. Total pyruvate는 생 마늘종이 24.63±1.59 mM/g으로 데친 마늘종에 비해 높았고 thiosulfinate는 생 마늘종이 183.76±26.56 mM/g으로 유의적으로 높았다. 알리신 함량은 데친 마늘종이 생 마늘종에 비해 45%나 높게 측정되었다. 무기물 중 칼륨의 함량이 가장 높았으며, 총량은 생 마늘종에서 더 높았다. 마늘종의 생리활성 규명의 일환으로 생 마늘종과 데친 마늘종으로 물과 주정 추출물을 각각 제조하여 각 추출물의 총 페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량을 분석한 결과, 총 페놀 화합물은 3.49±0.11~3.75±0.29 mg/100 g으로 유의차가 없었고, 플라보노이드 함량은 1.79±0.01~3.68±0.01 mg/100 g으로 데친 마늘종의 물 추출물이 가장 높았다. ABTS 라디칼 소거능 측정 결과, 데친 마늘종 물 추출물의 소거능이 85.09±0.28%로 가장 높았다. 항균활성은 생 마늘종 물 추출물이 가장 높아 실험된 4종의 균주 모두에 항균활성이 있었으나 다른 추출물에서는 활성이 미약하거나 없었다. This study was carried out to evaluate the chemical properties and functional characteristics, such as general composition and bioactivity compounds contents of fresh and blanched (at 95℃, for 5min) garlic shoot from Namhae. Also, evaluated antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of water and ethanol extract of fresh and blanched garlic shoot. The moisture content of fresh garlic steam was 85.14±0.35%, crude protein and crude lipid were 0.79±0.26% and 2.96±0.03% respectively. Vitamin C content was higher in fresh garlic shoot (7.07±0.84 mg/100 g) than blanched. Total phenol and total chlorophyll contents were respectively 16.93±1.17 mM/g and 6.70±0.46 mg/g in fresh garlic shoot. Allicin content of blanched garlic shoot was 128.63±1.59 mM/g. This content was 1.82 times higher than the fresh garlic shoot. Total pyruvate content was higher in fresh garlic shoot (24.63±1.59 mM/g), but thiosulfinate was higher in fresh garlic shoot. Total flavonoide was the highest in water extract of blanched garlic shoot (3.67±0.00 mM/g). ABTS radical scavenging activity of water extract form blanched garlic shoot was 85.09±0.28%, which was higher than the other extracts. NO radical scavenging activity of ethanol extract from blanched garlic shoot was significantly higher than the extracts from fresh garlic shoot. Antibacterial activity to S. aureus, S. enterica, B. cereus and E. coli was only indicated in water extract of fresh garlic shoot.

음향 OFDM의 음질 저하 원인 분석

조기호,윤환식,장준혁,김남수,Cho, Ki-Ho,Yu, Hwan-Sik,Chang, Jun-Hyuck,Kim, Nam-Soo 한국음향학회 2009 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.28 No.2

Acoustic OFDM is used for audible frequency band acoustic communication which employs loudspeaker as transmitter and microphone as the receiver antenna. Since acoustic OFDM can transmit about 1 kbps using 1600 Hz band. acoustic OFDM signal is inserted into the audio signal like music or speech, However. audio quality deteriorates definitely during the inserting process. This paper introduces a reason for audio quality deterioration and discuss how to reduce this phenomenon. 음향 OFDM (Acoustic OFDM)은 스피커와 마이크를 이용한 가청주파수 대역에서 음향 통신을 하기 위해 제안된 것으로, 1600 Hz의 대역을 사용할 때 약 1 kbps로 데이터를 전송할 수 있다. 음악이나 음성 등의 오디오에 음향 OFDM 신호를 삽입하여 음향 통신을 하는데, 오디오에 음향 OFDM을 삽입하게 되면 OFDM 프레임의 보호 구간, 프레임 간의 중첩 구간 그리고 대역 저지 필터의 저지대역 성분 등에 의해 필연적으로 음질 저하의 문제점이 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 음향 OFDM 신호를 삽입한 오디오에서 발생하는 음질 저하의 원인을 체계적으로 분석하고, 음질 저하를 줄일 수 있는 방안에 대해 논의한다.

Acceptance and Understanding of the Informed Consent Procedure Prior to Gastrointestinal Endoscopy by Patients: A Single-Center Experience in Korea

송지현,윤환식,민병훈,이준행,김영호,장동경,손희정,이풍렬,이종철,김재준 대한내과학회 2010 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.25 No.1

Background/Aims: Only a few reports have examined informed consent for gastrointestinal endoscopy in Korea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the appropriateness of the informed consent procedure in Korea. Methods: A total of 209 patients who underwent endoscopy were asked to answer a self-administered structured questionnaire on the informed consent procedure for gastrointestinal endoscopy. Results: One hundred thirteen patients completed questionnaires and were enrolled. In the survey, 91.2% answered that they understood the procedure, and the degree of understanding decreased with age; 85.8% were informed of the risks of the procedure, and the proportion was higher for inpatients and for those receiving therapeutic endoscopy or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; 60.2% were informed of alternative methods, and the proportion was higher in older patients; 76.1% had the opportunity to ask questions during the informed consent procedure, and the proportion was higher in inpatients. The understanding of the risks of the endoscopic procedure was better in the younger and more highly educated groups. About 80% had sedation before endoscopy, and only 56% were informed of the risks of sedation during endoscopy. Conclusions: The current informed consent process may be reasonably acceptable and understandable to the patients. However, the understanding of the risks of endoscopy was insufficient especially in the cases of older,poorly educated patients and outpatients. The information about alternatives, the opportunity to ask for additional information, and the information about the risks of sedation during endoscopy were also insufficient in the current consent process. (Korean J Intern Med 2010;25:36-43)

Acoustic radiation from modal vibration of automotive brake drum

이형일,윤환식 대한기계학회 2017 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.31 No.7

The vibro-acoustic characteristics of an automotive brake drum is studied by applying a hybrid approach, which combines a numerical vibration analysis with an analytical acoustic solution. Specifically, structural vibration of a drum is investigated with the numerical finite element analysis, and vibratory displacements of the outer surface of the drum is approximated by simple mathematical expressions. Then, radiation of sound from the drum vibration is calculated using well-known theoretical solutions based on the simplified modal displacements. Finally, the calculation results are compared with those obtained by full numerical analyses. The results show that the numerical-analytical hybrid method allows relatively accurate calculation of vibro-acoustic properties of a brake drum under realistic boundary conditions.

품종별 마늘의 이화학적 특성 및 항균활성

정우재,강민정,윤환식,성낙주,신정혜 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2012 농업생명과학연구 Vol.46 No.5

국내 마늘의 품종과 관련한 연구는 산지에 따른 비교로 한정되어 있어 마늘의 성분 및 특성에 대한 기초자료를 확보하고자 품종별 마늘 시료 12종을 대상으로 이화학적 특성과 항균활성을 분석하였다. 품종별 마늘의 구폭은 캘리포니아 만생종(60.44mm, 53.73g)이 가장 크고 무거웠으며, 창녕종(44.04mm, 25.15g)이 가장 작고 가벼웠다. 품종별 마늘의 표면색 중 L값은 84.13∼90.56, a값은 –1.10∼0.77, b값은 18.24∼26.61의 범위였다. 전단가는 캘리포니아 조생종이 가장 낮았으며, 94-12-2종은 4211.35 cm/kg2으로 타 시료에 비하여 전단가가 가장 높았다. 가용성 고형분 함량은 6.40∼11.33 %brix의 범위였는데, 창녕종에서 유의적으로 높았다. 품종별 마늘의 pH는 5.57∼6.53의 범위였다. 총 thiosulfinate 함량은 이태리종이 93.23 mM/g로 가장 낮았고, 캘리포니아 만생종이 146.05 mM/g로 가장 높았다. 총 pyruvate 함량은 유고종(162.50μM/g)에서 가장 높았고, 캘리포니아 조생종(147.41μM/g)에서 가장 낮았다. 품종별 마늘의 추출물로 항균활성을 측정한 결과, Streptococcus mutans균에서 활성이 가장 낮았으며, Escherichia coli균에 대한 항균 활성이 높았다. Physicochemical and antimicrobial activities of 12 different garlic cultivars were investigated. Width and weight of California late cultivar (60.44mm, 53.73g) was the biggest and heaviest but Changyoung cultivar (44.04mm, 25.15g) was the smallest and lightest among the variety of garlic. The range of L, a and b color characteristics of garlic surface from different variety were 84.13∼90.56, –1.10∼0.77 and 18.24∼26.61, respectively. Shear force was the lowest in California early, but 94-12-2 cultivar (4211.35cm/kg2) was higher than another cultivars. Soluble solid range was 6.40∼11.33 %brix, and Changyoung cultivar was the highest than the others, significantly. pH of garlics from different cultivar were 5.57∼6.53. Total thiosulfinate content of California late cultivar (146.05mM/g) was higher, but Italy cultivar (93.23mM/g) was lower than the others. Total pyruvate content was the highest in Yugo cultivar (162.50 μM/g) and the lowest in California early cultivar (147.41μM/g).

다중 해싱을 이용한 새로운 오디오 핑거프린팅 알고리즘

Yu Liu,윤환식(Hwan Sik Yun),조기호(Kiho Cho),김남수(Nam Soo Kim) 한국통신학회 2009 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.6