복합레진의 간헐적 광중합 방법이 변연적합도에 미치는 영향

윤용환,박성호 대한치과보존학회 2007 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.32 No.3

이 실험의 목적은 광중합 복합 레진을 자체 제작한 광조사 차한 장치를 이용하여 간헐적 광중합시켜 기존의 연속 중합법과 변연적합도를 비교함으로써 간헐적 광중합의 영향을 알아보는 것이다. 이번 실험에 사용된 재료는 Pyramid(Bisco, Schaumburg, U.S.A)와 Heliomolar (Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein)이다. 발치된 상악 소구치에 class II MOD 와동 형성 후 뀌 두 재료를 bulk 충전하고 다음의 중합cycle에 따라 중합시켰다: 제1군- 연속 광중합 (60초간 계속 광조사); 제2군- 2초 광조사, 1초 광차단 (90초 시행); 제3군- 1초 광조사, 1초 광차단 (120초 시행); 제4군- 1초 광조사, 2초 광차단 (180초 시행), 저작재현장치 (R&B, Daejeon, Korea)로 720000회의 운동횟수, 분당 120의 회전속도, 5℃와 55℃의 물을 교대로 치아에 6000회 주사하면서 5.0 kg의 하중을 치아에 적용하였고 실험 전후 변연적합도를 전체와 부위별 변연으로 나누어서 ×200배율의 광학 현미경으로 측정하였다 부위별 변연은 교합면, 인접면, 치은면 등 세 부위로 나누어서 법랑질 변연을 측정하였다. 전체 변연적합도에서 각 군간, 재료간, 저작 운동 전후 차이를 보기 위해 three-way ANOVA와 Duncan's multiple range test를 시행하였고, 부위별 변연적합도에서는 각 군에서 부위별 차이와 각 부위에서 군간 차이를 보기 위해 각각 one-way ANOVA와 Duncan's multiple range test를 시행하였다 (95% 유의수준). 전체 변연적합도를 보면, 저작 운동 전에는 Pyramid의 경우 3, 4군이 1, 2군에 비해, Heliomolar의 경우 3, 4군이 1군에 비해 전체 변연적합도가 우수하였고, 저작 운동 후에는 Pyramid, Heliomolar모두 3군이 1군에 비해 전체 변연적합도가 우수하였다 (p < 0.05). 재료간 비교에서는 저작 운동 전에는 2군에서 Heliomolar가 Pyramid보다 변연적합도가 우수하였고 (p < 0.05) 그 외의 군에서는 유의차가 없었으며, 저작 운동 후에는 모든 군에서 재료간 유의차가 없었다. 각 부위별 변연적합도를 비교하면, 저작 운동 전 Pyramid에서는 교합면 변연에서는 4군이 2군에 비해 높은 변연적합도를 보였고 (p < 0.05), 인접면과 치은면에서는 군간 유의차를 보이지 않았다. Heliomolar에서는 교합면 변연에서 2,4 군이 1군에 비해 높은 변연적합도를 보였고 (p < 0.05), 인접면과 치은면에서는 군간 유의차를 보이지 않았다. 저작 운동 후 Pyramid에서는 교합면 변연에서는 3군이 1, 2군에 비해 높은 변연적합도를 보였고 (p < 0.05), 인접면과 치은면에서는 군간 유의차를 보이지 않았다. Heliomolar에서는 교합면에서 2, 3, 4군이 1군에 비해 변연적합도가 높았으며 (p < 0.05), 인접면과 치은면에서는 군간 유의차를 보이지 않았다. 이번 연구를 통하여 복합레진을 간헐적 광중합 시킴으로써 변연적합도가 향상될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. The aim of this research was to study the effect of intermittent polymerization on marginal adaptation by comparing the marginal adaptation of intermittently polymerized composite to that of continuously polymerized composite. The materials used for this study were Pyramid (Bisco Inc., Schaumburg, U.S.A.) and Heliomolar (Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein). The experiment was carried out in class II MOD cavities prepared in 48 extracted human maxillary premolars. The samples were divided into 4 groups by light curing method; group 1- continuous curing (60s light on with no light off) ; group 2- intermittent curing (cycles of 3s with 2s light on & is light off for 90s) ; group 3- intermittent curing (cycles of 2s with is light on & is light off for 120s) ; group 4- intermittent curing (cycles of 3s with Is light on & 2s light off for 180s). Consequently the total amount of light energy radiated was same in all the groups. Each specimen went through thermo-mechanical loading (TML) which consisted of mechanical loading (720,000 cycles, 5.0 kg) with a speed of 120 rpm for 100hours and thermocycling (6000 thermocycles of alternating water of 50℃ and 55℃. The continuous margin (CM) (%) of the total margin and regional margins, occlusal enamel (OE), vertical enamel (VE), and cervical enamel (CE) was measured before and after TML under a×200 digital light microscope. Three-way ANOVA and Duncan's Multiple Range Test was performed at 95% level of confidence to test the effect of 3 variables on CM (%) of the total margin: light curing conditions, composite materials and effect of TML. In each group, One-way ANOVA and Duncan's Multiple Range Test was additionally performed to compare CM (%) of regions (OE, VE, CE). The results indicated that all the three variables were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Before TML, in groups using Pyramid, groups 3 and 4 showed higher CM (%) than groups 1 and 2, and in groups using Heliomolar, groups 3 and 4 showed higher CM (%) than group 1 (p < 0.05). After TML, in both Pyramid and Heliomolar groups, group 3 showed higher CM (%) than group 1 (p < 0.05). CM (%) of the regions are significantly different in each group (p < 0.05). Before TML, no statistical difference was found between groups within the VE and CE region. In the OE region, group 4 of Pyramid showed higher CM (%) than group 2, and groups 2 and 4 of Heliomolar showed higher CM (%) than group 1 (p < 0.05). After TML, no statistical difference was found among groups within the VE and CE region. In the OE region, group 3 of Pyramid showed higher CM (%) than groups 1 and 2, and groups 2,3 and 4 of Heliomolar showed higher CM (%) than group 1 (p < 0.05). It was concluded that intermittent polymerization may be effective in reducing marginal gap formation. [J Kor Acad Cons Dent 32(3):248-259, 2007]

광개토 컨소시엄 BcN 시범사업 추진방향

오명수,윤용환,강이철,강수진 한국통신학회 2005 정보와 통신 Vol.22 No.2

Effect of Turmeric Extracts on Nutritional and Antioxidant Properties of Germinated Korean Brown Rice

김정호(Jeong-Ho Kim),윤용환(Yong-Han Yoon),김일두(Il-Doo Kim),Sanjeev Kumar Dhungana,박용성(Yong-Sung Park),신동현(Dong-Hyun Shin) 한국자원식물학회 2021 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.34 No.6

Brown rice is more nutritious than the commonly consumed white rice, however, the former is not widely accepted because of its coarse texture and difficulty in cooking. Germination is an easy technique to minimize the drawback of normal brown rice. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of three different concentrations (1, 3, and 5% w/v) of turmeric extracts on the nutrient and antioxidant activities of germinated brown rice (GBR). The b (yellowness) values of the turmeric-treated GBR were significantly higher than that of the untreated control. Lower concentration (1%) slightly increased (3395.5 ㎎/㎏) but higher concentrations (3 and 5%) reduced (1735.8 - 2393.7 ㎎/㎏) the total mineral content in GBR, as compared to the control (3377.4 ㎎/㎏). The amount of essential, non-essential, and total amino acids, including GABA, were increased with the concentration of turmeric extracts. The amount of essential amino acids was increased by 58.3, 71.5, and 88.3% with the application of 1, 3, and 5% extracts, respectively. The antioxidant potential of GBR was also enhanced with turmeric treatment. Overall results indicated that 1 or 3% turmeric treatment could be appropriate to enhance the nutritional and functional value of GBR.

도시내 용도지역의 토지피복형태가 열섬현상에 미치는 영향

조성모 ( Sung Moh Cho ),윤용환 ( Yong Han Yoon ),류을렬 ( Eul Ryul Ryu ),박봉주 ( Bong Ju Park ),김원태 ( Won Tae Kim ) 한국환경과학회 2009 한국환경과학회지 Vol.18 No.2

임실 석두리유적

박영민,김 진,서지은,윤용환,이경희,박춘규 한국고고학회 2011 한국고고학전국대회 발표문 Vol.- No.35

A Case of Pulmonary Cryptococcosis with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Idiopathic CD4+ T-Lymphocytopenia

안인선,김희구,류정선,김루시아,곽승민,이홍렬,윤용환,조재화 연세대학교의과대학 2005 Yonsei medical journal Vol.46 No.1

Cryptococcus neoformans commonly causes opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients, especially in patients with AIDS. CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia in AIDS indicates an increased risk of opportunistic infection and a decline in immunological function. Idiopathic CD4 T-lymphocytopenia (ICL) is characterized by depletions in the CD4+ T-cell subsets, without evidence of HIV infection. Immunodeficiency can exist in the absence of laboratory evidence of HIV infection, and T-cell subsets should be evaluated in patients who present with unusual opportunistic infections. We report a case of pulmonary cryptococcosis and lung cancer in a patient with persistently low CD4+ cell counts, without evidence of HIV infection.

연구한려해상국립공원 소매물도(小每勿島)의 관속식물상

안명덕,황준,이민숙,이재완,박삼봉,김봉규,조갑자,추갑철,윤용환 한국산림공학회 2022 산림공학기술 Vol.20 No.3

관속식물은 95과 267속 382종 1아종 46변종 10품종으로 439분류군이 출현하였다. 국화과가 53 분류군으로 가장 많이 출현하였고 우리나라 관속식물 4,881분류군의 약 8.99%가 출현하였다. 벼과 가 50분류군, 콩과가 22분류군, 백합과가 18분류군 등의 순으로 출현하였다. 희귀식물은 좀갈매나 무, 갯방풍, 야고, 초종용, 석곡 등의 8과 9속 8종 1변종 9분류군이 출현하였고. 한국특산식물은 5 분류군(점현호색, 해변싸리, 좀갈매나무, 섬초롱꽃, 신이대)이 출현하였으며, 식물구계학적 특정식물 은 53과 82속 88종 7변종의 95분류군이 출현하였다. 귀화식물은 10과 26속 34종 34분류군이 출 현하였다. 귀화율은 7.7%, 도시화지수는 10.59%였다. 염생식물은 갯씀바귀, 왕모시풀, 돌가시나무, 사철쑥, 해국, 갯장구채, 갯까치수염 등의 14과 25속 25종 3변종 28분류군이며, 생태계 교란종은 돼지풀과 환삼덩굴의 2분류군이 출현하였다. The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data necessary for the vegetation management plan of the Somaemuldo Island in the Tongyeong-si. Vascular plants were investigated a total of 439 taxa including 95 families, 267 genera, 382 species, 1 sub-species, 46 varieties, and 10 forms. It accounted for 8.99% of vascular plants(4,881 species) in Korea. Gramineae was the most abundant as 50 taxa, followed by Leguminosae as 22 taxa, Liliaceae as 18 taxa. The survey showed 9 taxa of rare plants such as Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii, Celtis choseniana, Cimicifuga heracleifolia var. bifida etc. The endemic plants were 5 taxa including 5 families, 5 genera, 5 species. The floristic special plants were 95 taxa including 53 families, 82 genera, 88 species, and 7 varieties. Naturalized plant species were 34 taxa including 10 families, 26 genera, 34 species appeared. The naturalization rate and the urbanization index were 7.7% and 10.59%, respectively. The survey indicated 28 taxa of Halophytes such as Ixeris repens, Aster spathulifolius, Silene aprica var. oldhamiana etc. Ecological disturbance species were 2 taxa. Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatiormay has harmful effects on native plants, these plant must be completely removed.

국립공원 탐방객 수의 변화요인 분석

하만릉 ( Man-leung Ha ),김현 ( Hyun Kim ),이총규 ( Chong Kyu Lee ),추갑철 ( Gab Chul Choo ),윤용환 ( Yong Hwan Youn ) 한국산림경제학회 2020 산림경제연구 Vol.27 No.2

본 연구는 국립공원의 관리정책 수립에 있어서 가장 중요한 요소라고 할 수 있는 탐방객의 수와 그 변화요인을 분석하였다. 국립공원의 최근 10년간(2009-2018) 탐방객 수는 약 437백만명 이었으며, 2009년도에는 약 38백만명으로 탐방객 수가 가장 적었고, 2017년도에는 약 47백만명으로 가장 많았다. 증감율이 특징적인 연도별 국립공원 탐방객 수의 변화요인을 살펴보면, 탐방객의 수가 감소한 연도는 국가적 재난이나 사회적 이슈, 기상 악화 등이 영향을 미쳤으며, 탐방객의 수가 증가한 연도는 기상의 양호와 탐방객을 위한 편의시설의 보수 및 확충 그리고 이에 대한 홍보 등이 영향을 미쳤다. 결론적으로 기상에 의한 탐방객 수의 변화는 자연적인 요인으로서 이를 조절하거나 개선할 방법은 없으나, 편의시설의 보수, 확충 및 제공은 국립공원 탐방객 수의 증가에 영향을 미치고 있었다. This study analyzed the number of visitors, one of the most critical factors in establishing the management policy of national parks, as well as the factors of its change. The total number of visitors to the national parks for the last ten years (2009-2018) was approximately 437 million. In 2009, the number was lowest, with about 38 million; on the contrary, the visitors’ number was highest in 2017 with around 47 million. Factors that affected changes in the counts of visitors to the national park by each year are natural disasters, social issues, and harsh weather conditions. Additionally, the visiting counts were also affected by favorable weather conditions, provision of the convenience facilities for the visitors, facility mending and expansions, and public advertisement. In conclusion, changes in the number of visitors due to weather conditions were natural elements that had no solutions to control or improve them, while fixing, expansion, and provision of tourists’ convenience facilities were positively affecting factors that increased the number of visitors in national parks.