Incentive Mechanism based on Game Theory in Kad Network

왕서(Xu Wang),니영청(YongQing Ni),양대헌(DaeHun Nyang) 한국정보보호학회 2010 정보보호학회논문지 Vol.20 No.3

Kad 네트워크는 파일 공유 시스템 중 가장 널리 알려진 네트워크이다. 파일 공유 시스템은 사용자의 일방적 파일 다운로드 받기, 가짜파일 업로드하기, 바이러스 배포하기 등에 사용 되는 등의 문제를 가지고 있고, 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위하여, 이 논문에서는 게임 이론을 바탕으로 하는 인센티브 메커니즘을 제안한다. 이 메커니즘은 Kad 사용자를 위하여 보다 안정적이고 효율적인 네트워크 환경을 만들어 준다. 즉, 쓸모 없고 위험한 파일 등을 제공하는 다른 사용자들이 처벌받는 것에 반하여, 가치 있는 리소스를 공유한 사용자는 신용이 증가하는 대가를 받는다. Kad 네트워크에서 이 인센티브 메커니즘은 사용자의 악의적인 행동을 찾거나 방지하고 사용자들 사이에서의 정직한 통신을 장려하는데 도움을 준다. The Kad network is a peer-to-peer (P2P) network which implements the Kademlia P2P overlay protocol. Nowadays, the Kad network has attracted wide concern as a popular architecture for file sharing systems. Meanwhile, many problems have been coming out in these file sharing systems such as freeriding of users, uploading fake files, spreading viruses, and so on. In order to overcome these problems, we propose an incentive mechanism based on game theory, it establishes a more stable and efficient network environment for Kad users. Users who share valuable resources receive rewards by increasing their credits, while others who supply useless or harmful files are punished. This incentive mechanism in Kad network can be used to detect and prevent malicious behaviors of users and encourage honest interaction among users.

성(誠)은 본래적 진실이고 신(信)은 사람에 의해 실현되는 진실 -유가의 신(信)과 성(誠)에 대한 분석 및 현대 성신관(誠信觀) 확립의 의의

왕아 ( Wang Ya ),서계제 ( Xu Gui Di ) 퇴계학연구원 2011 退溪學報 Vol.129 No.-

최근 몇 년 사이 중국에서는 誠信의 위기가 가속화하고 있다. 이로 인하여 전통적인 성신 문제 특히 유가의 윤리도덕 가운데 성신의 합리성 및 그 역할의 반성에 대한 관심이 일어났다. 이러한 반성을 통하여 유가는 유익한 자양분을 섭취하고 현대 성신 이념도 육성되기를 기대해 본다. 그러나 사람들은 오랫동안 성신을 하나의 개념으로 보는데 익숙해져 있었기 때문에 誠과 信의 차이점을 소홀히 해왔고, 양자가 가지고 있는 각자 특유의 내포된 의미와 규정성을 소홀히 했다. 이로써 誠과 信은 나눠지지 않았고 성신이념의 확립도 어려웠다. 본문에서는 유가의 경전을 통해 信과 誠의 변화 과정을 검토하고 이론적 각도에서 信과 誠이 유가윤리 체계 속에서 갖는 의미와 작용과 지위를 정리하고자 한다. 동시에 실제적으로 誠信이 결핍된 현실 및 역사적 원인을 검토함으로써 유가의 誠, 信과 誠信간의 내재적인 연관성을 찾아내고, 현대 사회 및 역사적 조건아래 誠의 함양과 信의 유지를 통하여 성신 관념을 확립할 수 있는 가능성을 밝혀보려 한다. In recent years, the aggravation of Credit crisis in our society further prompted us to concern the traditional idea of Honesty and Credit. Especially, we deeply reflect on the rationality and efficiency of the Honesty and Credit in Confucian ethics, and hope to learn good to cultivate the concept of today``s Honesty and Credit. For a long time, people used to take them as a whole so that we have neglected their differences. However, it is important to note their own particular meaning. With the help of the Confucian classical works, this article discusses the evolvement of ``credit`` and ``honesty``, and from an academic point, illustrates the meaning, role and status of credit and honesty in Confucian ethics. At the same time, facing current society, the article discusses real and historical reason of Credit crisis to explore the underlying relationships of Confucian Honesty and Credit, and further reveal the feasibility to establish the idea of Honesty and Credit by cultivating Honesty and persisting in Credit in the present time.

혼합 콘크리트의 CO₂ 배출 및 비용 분석

양욱 ( Xu Yang ),왕소용 ( Xiao-yong Wang ) 한국건축시공학회 2018 한국건축시공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.18 No.1

This paper investigates CO₂ emission and cost analysis of blended concrete which was added with fly ash and slag. Three kinds of blended concrete were studied in this investigation, the first blended concrete was added fly ash replacing part of the cement while the second was added slag,the third was added fly ash and slag. Analysis result display that the blended concrete containing fly ash and slag is the optimal choice while considering economic and CO₂ emissions.

Power Distance in Hofstede and GLOBE

Peng Wang(왕붕),XiaoQi Wang(왕효기),Jing Xu(서경),Jong-Wook Kwon(권종욱) 충남대학교 경영경제연구소 2019 경영경제연구 Vol.41 No.4

본 논문의 목적은 Hofstede와 GLOBE의 권력거리 문화차원의 유사점과 차이점을 분석해보는 것이다. Hofstede와 GLOBE의 권력거리 문화차원은 동일한 문화차원으로 알려져 있지만 측정방법, 측정문항 등이 상이하여 이 두 가지 차원이 동일한 것을 간주해야 하는지 아니면 상이한 것인지 혼란스러운 상황이다. 따라서 Hofstede와 GLOBE의 권력거리 문화차원을 개념, 정의, 구조 차원에서 분석하였다. 분석결과 이 두 가지 차원은 유사성도 있지만 상이성도 있음을 발견하였다. 따라서 연구자들은 결과변수에 따라서 적절하게 선택해서 사용할 필요성이 있음을 확인하였다. The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the similarities and differences between Hofstede’s and GLOBE’s Power Distances using theoretical and empirical analyses. The Hofstede PDI (Power Distance Index) and the GLOBE PD (Power Distance) are analyzed in terms of their concepts, definitions, structures and validity. Next, the relationship between the Hofstede PDI and GLOBE PD is empirically studied. We find that the Hofstede PDI and GLOBE PD are different in their measurements of the cultural dimension. However, the Hofstede PDI and GLOBE PDP (Power Distance Practices) have certain similarities when comparing external variables, while the GLOBE PDV (Power Distance Values) does not. The limitation is that our research data are based on secondary data from Hofstede and GLOBE. The data sources will correspondingly limit the research. Therefore, researchers should carefully select the Hofstede or GLOBE scores that are most suitable for their own research according to the true meaning and purpose of their research, which will allow researchers to more clearly, more accurately and more logically explain national cultures

Hands-free Robot Control System Using Mouth Tracking

Liang Wang(왕량),Yongzhe Xu(서영철),Minhaz Ahmed(민하즈),Phill kyu Rhee(이필규) 한국정보과학회 2011 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.38 No.1C

In this paper, we propose a robot remote control system based on mouth tracking. The main idea behind the work is to help disabled people who cannot operate a joystick or keyboard to control a robot with their hands. The mouth detection method in this paper is mainly based on the Adaboost feature detection approach. By using the proposed new Haar-like features for detecting the corner of mouth, the speed and accuracy of detection are improved. Combined with the Kalman filter, a continuous and accurate mouth tracking has been achieved. Meanwhile, the gripping commands of the robot manipulator were also achieved by the recognition of the user?s mouth shape, such as 'pout mouth' or 'grin mouth'. To assess the validity of the method, a mouth detection experiment and a robot cargo transport experiment were applied. The result indicated that the system can realize a quick and accurate mouse tracking; and the operation of the robot worked successfully in moving and bringing back items.

중국 흑룡강성 간흡충증 관리사업(2001-2004)

지주오,이즈민,왕수유,위안런,거타오,위안샹,추이창위안,거홍안,평정,슈롱치,홍성태,최민호,조승열,최동일,홍광선,임한종,이순형,Ji, Zhuo,Li, Zhimin,Wang, Shuyu,Yuan, Ren,Ge, Tao,Yuan, Shang,Cui, Changyuan,Ge, Hongan,Feng, Zheng,Xu, Longqi,Hong, Sung-Tae,Choi, 한국건강관리협회 2005 한국건강관리협회지 Vol.3 No.1

The present pilot project was executed to recommend a strategy of clonorchiasis control in China. The pilot area of this project was Zhaoyuan, Hailin, and Ningan, Heiloagjiang province. A baseline survey subjecting 4,865 residents in Heilongjiang confirmed Zhaoyuan asa high endemic area and Hailin and Ningan as moderate endemic areas. Six different control strategies were implemented in Zhaoyuan, two were in Hailin, and one was in Ningan. Including the baseline survey and project programs from 2000 to 2004, total 63,274subject-times were examined of their feces for Clonorchiseggs, 26,680 were treated, 10,082 were screened by ELISA, and 6,130 subjects were examined of their liver by sonography. The egg Positive rates in 6 villages of Zhaoyuan were as high as 44.8% 70,0%. Following the protocolof each strategy, the subjected residents were examined of their feces and treated with 25 mg/kg praziquantel, 3 times. Except the control group, all of the villages showed 72.8% to 92.0% reduction of their original egg Positive rates at Zhaoyuan. Mass treatments of all subjected residents in 2001 and 2003 reduced the egg rate from 68.8% to18.7% and 4 annual mass treatments reduced the rate from 44.8% in 2001 to 8.7% in 2004.Selective annual treatments of egg positive subjects reduced the egg rates from 50.8% in2001 to 13.8% in 2004 or from 70.0% in 2001 to 11.6% in 2004, and two treatments in a year reduced the rate from 57.6% in 2001 to 4.6% in 2004. According to repeated treatments, EPG counts decreased remarkably. In moderate endemic areas, the original egg rates were 22.6% and 28.3% in 2001 but were 1.7% and 1.1% after 2 or 3 selective treatments. The present findings of the chemotherapeutic control of clonorchiasis prove that repeated medication is important. The reduction is directly correlated with dose of praziquantel but not with mass or selective treatments. Chemotherapeutic control of reservoirhosts has little effect on reinfection of clonorchiasis because the field along the Songhua-jiang is too wide to be impacted. ELISA confirmed many serologically positive cases to Clonorchisantigen but only a few cases were positive to other antigens (Paragonimus, cysticercus, sparganum). The abdominal soaography visualized intrahepatic bile duct dilatation and periductal echo in 2,002 of 6,070 examined subjects. In addition to these examinations and treatment, health education supplemented tㅗe control activities. The present findings prove clonorchiasis is very widely prevalent and heavily endemic along the rivers in Heiloagjiang. The results suggest that group chemotherapy with praziquantel is effective to reduce endemicity of clonorchiasis. Mass treatment without individual fecal examination is recommended in heavy endemic areas where the egg rate is over 40% while one selective treatment is effective enough in moderate endemic areas.

The Geochemical and Zircon Trace Element Characteristics of A-type Granitoids in Boziguoer, Baicheng County, Xinjiang

윤경무,유춘화,박정현,소흥곤,양해도,서해명,왕군,Yin, Jingwu,Liu, Chunhua,Park, Jung Hyun,Shao, Xingkun,Yang, Haitao,Xu, Haiming,Wang, Jun The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental G 2013 자원환경지질 Vol.46 No.2

신장 위구르 자치구 바이청현 보즈구얼 지역의 A형 화강암체는 타림지대의 북쪽 끝과 동서쪽 방향의 알칼리 관입암대에 접하여 위치해 있다. 이 화강암체는 추휘석(aegrine)이나 아페소나이트(arfvedsonite)-석영-알칼리장석 섬장암, 또는 아페소나이트-알칼리장석 화강암, 흑운모-알칼리장석 섬장암으로 구성되며, 주요광물로는 알바이트(albite), K-장석, 석영, 아페소나이트(arfvedsonite), 추휘석, 시데로필라이트(siderophyllite) 등이 있으며 부성분 광물로는 지르콘(zircon), 파이로클로르(pyrochlore), 토라이트(thorite), 형석, 모나자이트(monazite), 바스네사이트(bastnaesite), 제노타임(xenotime), 아스트로필라이트(astrophyllite) 등이 있다. 이 알칼리 화강암체는 67.32%의 평균값을 갖는 $SiO_2$를 포함하고 평균 11.14%의 높은 $Na_2O+K_2O$(9.85~11.87%) 조성을 보이며 이 중 $K_2O$는 평균 4.73%의 조성을 보인다. $K_2O/Na_2O$의 비는 0.31~0.96 사이이며 $Al_2O_3$는12.58%부터 15.44%사이로 포함되고 총 $FeO^T$함량은 2.35~5.65%이내이다. CaO, MgO, MnO, $TiO_2$의 함량은 낮은 것으로 관찰된다. 희토류원소의 총량은 평균 $77{\times}10^{-6}$으로 비교적 높게 나타나고 경희토원소는 농축되어 있지만 중희토원소는 Eu원소의 부(-)의 이상과 함께 상대적으로 결핍되는 특징을 가진다. 또한 알칼리 화강암체의 chondrite-normalized 희토류원소의 패턴은 오른쪽으로 기울어진 갈매기형태를 보인다. Zr는 평균 $594{\times}10^{-6}$의 함량을 보이며 Zr+Nb+Ce+Y는 평균 $1362{\times}10^{-6}$의 함량을 나타낸다. 또한 이 알칼리 화강암체는 높은 HFSE(Ga, Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf)함량과 낮은 LILE(Ba, K, Sr)함량을 보인다. Nb/Ta의 비는 평균 16.5이며 Zr/Hf의 비는 평균 36.80이다. 지르콘은 경희토원소에서 결핍되고 중희토원소에서 농축되어있다. 지르콘의 chondrite-normalized 희토류원소는 Eu원소의 강한 부(-)의 이상과 함께 왼쪽으로 기울어진 갈매기형태를 보인다. 보즈구얼지역의 A타입 화강암체는 A1타입의 화강암과 유사한 특징을 나타낸다. 화강암질 마그마의 평균온도는 $832{\sim}839^{\circ}C$이며 보즈구얼 지역의 A타입 화강암체는 지각과 맨틀의 혼합양상을 보이며 고온, 무수, 낮은 산소의 퓨개시티(fugacity) 환경을 가진 판 내부의 비조산대에서 생성되었을 가능성이 있다. The Boziguoer A-type granitoids in Baicheng County, Xinjiang, belong to the northern margin of the Tarim platform as well as the neighboring EW-oriented alkaline intrusive rocks. The rocks comprise an aegirine or arfvedsonite quartz alkali feldspar syenite, an aegirine or arfvedsonite alkali feldspar granite, and a biotite alkali feldspar syenite. The major rock-forming minerals are albite, K-feldspar, quartz, arfvedsonite, aegirine, and siderophyllite. The accessory minerals are mainly zircon, pyrochlore, thorite, fluorite, monazite, bastnaesite, xenotime, and astrophyllite. The chemical composition of the alkaline granitoids show that $SiO_2$ varies from 64.55% to 72.29% with a mean value of 67.32%, $Na_2O+K_2O$ is high (9.85~11.87%) with a mean of 11.14%, $K_2O$ is 2.39%~5.47% (mean = 4.73%), the $K_2O/Na_2O$ ratios are 0.31~0.96, $Al_2O_3$ ranges from 12.58% to 15.44%, and total $FeO^T$ is between 2.35% and 5.65%. CaO, MgO, MnO, and $TiO_2$ are low. The REE content is high and the total ${\sum}REE$ is $(263{\sim}1219){\times}10^{-6}$ (mean = $776{\times}10^{-6}$), showing LREE enrichment HREE depletion with strong negative Eu anomalies. In addition, the chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the alkaline granitoids belong to the "seagull" pattern of the right-type. The Zr content is $(113{\sim}1246){\times}10^{-6}$ (mean = $594{\times}10^{-6}$), Zr+Nb+Ce+Y is between $(478{\sim}2203){\times}10^{-6}$ with a mean of $1362{\times}10^{-6}$. Furthermore, the alkaline granitoids have high HFSE (Ga, Nb, Ta, Zr, and Hf) content and low LILE (Ba, K, and Sr) content. The Nb/Ta ratio varies from 7.23 to 32.59 (mean = 16.59) and the Zr/Hf ratio is 16.69~58.04 (mean = 36.80). The zircons are depleted in LREE and enriched in HREE. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the zircons are of the "seagull" pattern of the left-inclined type with strong negative Eu anomaly and without a Ce anomaly. The Boziguoer A-type granitoids share similar features with A1-type granites. The average temperature of the granitic magma was estimated at $832{\sim}839^{\circ}C$. The Boziguoer A-type granitoids show crust-mantle mixing and may have formed in an anorogenic intraplate tectonic setting under high-temperature, anhydrous, and low oxygen fugacity conditions.

Study on the Transmission Error Prediction for a Spur Gear Pair

장기(Qi Zhang),장정(Jing Zhang),주충강(Zhong Gang Zhu),왕진영(Zhen Rong Wang),허철수(Zhe-zhu Xu),류성기(Sung Ki Lyu) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2017 한국정밀공학회지 Vol.34 No.3

Study on the Transmission Error Prediction for a Spur Gear Pair

Qi Zhang(장기),Jing Zhang(장정),Zhong Gang Zhu(주충강),Zhen Rong Wang(왕진영),Zhe-zhu Xu(허철수),Sung Ki Lyu(류성기) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2016 한국정밀공학회지 Vol.33 No.2

Effects of habitat fragmentation on genetic diversity and gene flow among the Homidia socia (Collembola: Entomobryidae) populations in the Thousand Island Lake

웨이왕,Kun LV,Ji-Rui WANG,Jing ZHOU,Jian-Qiang GU,Guo-Xin ZHOU,Zhi-Hong XU 한국곤충학회 2019 Entomological Research Vol.49 No.3

In the present study, partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene of 22 island populations of the springtail Homidia socia in the Thousand Island Lake were sequenced. Across all sequences, 37 haplotypes were identified for the 510-bp mitochondrial (mt) DNA COI gene. Haplotype 2 was the most common, and was distributed in the most of the 22 island populations. Haplotype diversity ranged from 0.065 to 0.733, and the total genetic diversity was 0.56216. The genetic characteristics of the 22 island populations were analyzed using the fixation index and gene flow, with values of 0.00043– 0.94900 and 0.02703–703.72540, respectively. Comparison between (island area and isolations) with population genetic diversity revealed that there were no significant correlations between them, except for a significant correlation between the number of haplotypes and island area. Mantel tests showed that there was no significant correlation between geographic distance and genetic distance among various groups. All the results indicated that there were no obvious relationships between island characteristics and the genetic diversity of the springtails. We consider that the low dispersal capacity of springtails and the island patches surrounded by water in the Thousand Island Lake are the major factors affecting the genetic diversity of H. socia.