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Clostridium difficile 증균배양의 평가
안병락,김희정,이경원 대한임상검사과학회 2014 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.46 No.4
To evaluate the recovery rates to increase toxigenic C. difficile, the selective enrichment broth culture methods were compared with commonly used cytotoxin assays and toxigenic culture. First, the enrichment culture, using the selective medium broth for 2 to 5 days, was performed and then, toxigenic C. difficile was confirmed by C. difficile toxin gene-specific PCR after being cultured on C. difficile selective agar. The sensitivity of C. difficile from the enrichment culture (100%) was higher than that of C. difficile selective agar culture (93.8%), while positive predictive values (PPV) were low; 72.7% (16/22) and 88.2% (15/17). PPV of the enrichment culture are not high. Recently, combinations of C. difficile selective agar culture, C. difficile A & B assays, glutamate dehydrogenase, and nucleic acid amplification method are widely used. The enrichment culture was disadvantageous in PPV, turn-around time, and cost. So, what we performed is not considered as a common method of diagnosis of C. difficile-associated diarrhea.
일반화학검사를 위한 혈청의 보관 시간 및 온도에 따른 영향
안병락,박창은 대한임상검사과학회 2014 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.46 No.4
The stability of 21 routine biochemistry analytes was evaluated from the specimens which had been stored under three different temperature conditions for 30 days. Most of the 17 analytes showed significant change, however, the specimens under lower temperature showed more stability than those under higher temperature. Glucose, Albumin, γ-glutamyl transferase, HDL cholesterol analytes were stable over 30 days under 22oC, 4oC, and −66oC conditions. This study might be helpful in interpreting the results reflecting the rate of change when inadequate specimens are measured.
雙和湯이 四鹽化炭素에 의한 肝障害 Rat에서 Sulfobromophthalein의 體內動態에 미치는 영향
안병락,김신근,심창구,정연복,Ann, Byung-Nak,Kim, Shin-Keun,Shim, Chang-Koo,Chung, Youn-Bok 대한약학회 1984 약학회지 Vol.28 No.4
Effects of Ssang Wha Tang (SWT), a blended Chinease traditional medicine, on the pharmacokinetics of sulfobromophthalein (BSP) in the rats of hepatic failure induced by carbon tetrachloride were examined. The disposition of plasma BSP in carbon tetrachloride-treated rats (Group I) and in carbon tetrachloride+SWT-treated rats (Group II) followed a three-compartment model, while those in control group followed two-compartment model. GOT, GPT level and some pharmacokinetic paramiters like plasma clearance but except distribution volume (Vdss) recovered in Group II compared to Group I. Therefore, SWT seemed to have an apparent restoring effect of hepatic function damaged by carbon tetrachloride treatment. From the fact that Vdss of BSP in Group II was considered as an one of the probable mechanisms. More intensive increase in BSP-free fraction ($f_p$) in Group II than that in Group I might also explain the increases of BSP clearance and Vdss in Group II compared to Group I. Assuming no changes in hepatic plasma flow(Q) in each group, hepatic intrinsic clearance($CL^h_{int}$) decreased in Group I did not recovered not at all in Group II. Therefore SWT seemed not to have any restoring effect of true hepaticfunction to biotransform and excrete BSP, and the apparent restoring effect of SWT might be due only to the replacement of BSP-plasma protein binding. Whether $f_p$ is actually higer in Group II than in Group I, and Q is constant in each group are being examined in our laboratory. The changes of Q, which might lead to another conculusions, also should be taken into consideration to clarify the apparent hepatorestoring effect of SWT.
안병락,김희정,임현철,이용찬,이규상,김사현,박민,김종배,문병수 대한진단검사의학회 2013 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.33 No.6
Background: Clarithromycin, amoxicillin, metronidazole, tetracycline, and levofloxacin have been commonly used for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. We compared the change in antibiotic resistance of H. pylori strains during two separate periods and investigated the effect of antibiotic resistance on H. pylori eradication. Methods: H. pylori strains were isolated from 71 patients between 2009 and 2010 and from 94 patients between 2011 and 2012. The distribution of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 5 antibiotics was assessed using the agar dilution method, and H. pylori eradication based on the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was investigated retrospectively. Results: Antibiotic resistance rate against clarithromycin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, metronidazole, and levofloxacin for the 2009-2010 isolates were 7.0% (5/71), 2.8% (2/71), 0% (0/71), 45.1% (32/71), and 26.8% (19/71), respectively, and for the 2011-2012 isolates were 16.0% (15/94), 2.1% (2/94), 0% (0/94), 56.3% (53/94), and 22.3% (21/94), respectively. Multi-drug resistance for 2 or more antibiotics increased slightly from 16.9% (12/71) in the 2009-2010 isolates to 23.4% (22/94) in the 2011-2012 isolates. In follow-up testing of 66 patients, first-line treatment successfully eradicated H. pylori in 50 patients (75.8%) and failed in 4 of 7 patients (57.1%) in a clarithromycin-resistant and amoxicillin-susceptible group. Conclusions: We observed an increase in resistance to clarithromycin and an overall increase in multi-drug resistance during the 2 study periods. The effectiveness of the eradication regimen was low with combinations of clarithromycin and amoxicillin, particularly in the clarithromycin-resistant group. Thus, eradication of H. pylori depends upon periodic monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility.
안병락,김종배,문병수,임현철,이용찬,김희정,이규상,김사현,박민 대한상부위장관ㆍ헬리코박터학회 2014 Korean Journal of Helicobacter Upper Gastrointesti Vol.14 No.2
Background/Aims: This study aims to identify the gene mutation pattern associated with antibiotic resistance for mainly used antibiotics in Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from Koreans. Materials and Methods: Seventy-one H. pylori strains were isolated from gastric mucosal biopsy specimens. The specimens were cultivated and the resistance to 5 antibiotics were assessed by using agar gel dilution method. DNA sequencing was carried out to detect the resistance-related gene mutations. Results: A point mutation at A2143G of 23S rRNA was observed in all of the clarithromycin resistant strains, but tetracycline resistant strains were not found. Substitution N562Y in penicillin binding protein 1 were observed in an amoxicillin resistant strain (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] 2.0μg/mL). Eleven (57.8%) out of 19 levofloxacin resistant strains showed amino acid substitution at N87K (8 strains), N87I, A88V and D91N in GyrA. The truncation in rdxA was detected in 8 (25.0%) out of 32 metronidazole resistant strains. Two out of the 7 patients who failed in first-line treatment of clarithromycin and amoxicillin showed A2143G mutation. Conclusions: 23S rRNA mutation is closely related to the failure of eradication, however, the fact that five people who have no gene mutation failed eradication implies that other factors are related. As MIC levels in clarithromycin and levofloxacin resistance strains are getting higher, their appropriate gene mutation is more correlated.
YH1885의 체내동태(제1보) : 흰쥐에서 14C-YH1885의 단회투여시 흡수, 조직분포 및 배설
안병락(Byung Nak Ahn),Naoki Fujio,Naotoshi Kusumoto,Yoshifumi Abe,Masaaki Odomi,이종욱(Jong Wook Lee) 대한약학회 1997 약학회지 Vol.41 No.3
The absorption, distribution and excretion of 14C labeled YH1885 {5,6-Dimethyl-2(4-fluorophenylamino)-4-(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl)pyrimidine hydrochloride), a new proton pumpinhibitor, were investigated in rats after a single administration of 14C-YH1885. 1. After intravenous administration of 5mg/kg, the blood level of radioactivity declined in a biphasic fashion with the mean terminal elimination half-life of 12.4hr. 2. After oral administration of 20mg/kg, the maximum blood level of radioactirity was reached at 4.0hr in female rats. The blood level of radioactivity-time profiles in male and female rats were similar, and the absorptionof 14C-YH1885 was not affected by food. 3. Appproximately 89% and 1% of radioactivity of the total dose were excreted in feces and urine, respectively. 4. Biliary excretion of radioactivity was 47.9% of the dose. Enterohepatic circulation of radioactivity was 49.6%. 5. Radioactivity was excreted maily into feces via bile. 6. The concentration of radioactivity in most tissues reached the peak level at 4.0hr after dosing, and then declined. Autoradiograms of male rats showed that the radioactivity levlels in the fat, harder's gland, liver and G-Itract were higher than those in the other tissues and the elimination of radioactivity from fat and liver was slow. 7. Autoradiograms of a pregnant rat showed that radioactivity was transferred to mammary gland, placenta and fetus. The radioactivity level in the mammary gland was higher than that in the blood.
맹한주,최성업,장동진,이동원,안병락,최민구,송임숙,조관형 한국약제학회 2015 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.45 No.5
A simple, accurate and cost-effective ultraviolethigh performance liquid chromatography (UV-HPLC) assay method was developed and validated for the determination of derivatized memantine, a representative oral noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist to treat Alzheimer’s disease, in dissolution medium. Optimized derivatization process of memantine was performed with 9-fluorenylmethylchloroformate (FMOC), and injected with the UV-HPLC systemfor quantitation. Derivatizedmemantinewere separated on a reverse phase C18 column (Shiseido, 250 × 4.6 mm, 5 lm) with a mixture of 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 4, adjusted with orthophosphoric acid) and Acetonitrile (20:80, v/v), at a flow rate of 2.0 mL/min.UVdetectionwas monitored at 265 nm. The detector response was specific and linear over the concentration range of 1.0–20.0 lg/mL. Validation parameters of derivatized memantine with the sensitivity, selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision and stability in dissolution medium (pH 1.2) were acceptable based on International Conference on Harmonization Q2 (R1). The assay method validated in this work was successfully applied for a dissolution study of a commercial tablet containingmemantine hydrochloride (i.e., EbixaⓇ, 10 mg). Thus, the developed method would be appropriate for routine in vitro dissolution studies of memantine hydrochloride tablet.