남해산 고사리의 이화학적 특성 및 항산화 활성

심혜진,황초롱,강재란,강민정,신정혜,Sim, Hye-Jin,Hwang, Cho-Rong,Kang, Jae-Ran,Kang, Min-Jung,Shin, Jung-Hye 한국식품조리과학회 2015 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.31 No.3

In this study, we investigate the physicochemical characteristics of dried bracken (Pteridium aquilinum Kuhn) harvested in Namhae. The moisture, ash, crude protein and crude lipid content was $10.79{\pm}0.31%$, $6.16{\pm}0.04%$, $33.20{\pm}0.40%$ and $2.45{\pm}0.27%$, respectively. The total mineral (Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Mn) content was $36720.1{\pm}495.7mg/kg$, with K being the highest at $31890.0{\pm}503.8mg/kg$. The total free amino acid content was 704.41 mg/100 g, the amount of methionine, citrulline and sarcosine being higher than the others. The water and 50% ethanol extracts from the dried bracken were evaluated for the total poly phenolic compound content, antioxidant activity and xanthine oxidase and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The total polyphenol content in the 50% ethanol extract ($1574.86{\pm}18.31mg/100g$) was higher than in the water extract ($1240.24{\pm}16.32mg/100g$). The DPPH and ABT radical scavenging activity was increased according to the concentration of bracken extract, and the activity in the 50% ethanol extract was higher than in the water extract. In addition, the xanthine oxidase and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity was also higher in the 50% ethanol extract than in the water extract. In conclusion, bracken has great antioxidative and antidiabetic effects and can be used as a preventive agent for oxidation and diabetes.

황마늘 추출물의 생리활성

강재란(Jae Ran Kang),황초롱(Cho Rong Hwang),심혜진(Hye Jin Sim),강민정(Min Jung Kang),강상태(Sang Tae Kang),신정혜(Jung Hye Shin) 한국식품영양과학회 2015 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.44 No.7

본 연구에서는 새로이 개발한 마늘 가공품인 황마늘의 품질특성과 물, 30, 50, 70 및 100% 에탄올 추출물의 항산화, 미백, 항당뇨 및 항염증 활성을 검증하였다. 황마늘은 생마늘에 비해 alliin 함량은 차이가 없었으나, S-allyl cysteine (SAC)의 함량이 월등히 높아 2.6 mg/g이었다. 용매별 추출물을 제조하였을 때 alliin과 SAC 함량은 추출용매 중의 에탄올 비율이 높아질수록 더 증가하였다. 총 페놀 및 플라보노이드 화합물의 함량도 동일한 경향으로 100% 에탄올 추출물에서 가장 많이 함유된 것으로 분석되었다. DPPH 및 ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성은 100% 에탄올 추출물에서 가장 높았는데, 10 mg/mL로 농도를 동일하게 하여 추출물 간의 활성을 비교할 때 0~70% 에탄올 추출물의 경우 시료 간의 유의차가 없었으나 100% 에탄올 추출물에서는 각각 93.45%와 91.46%로 가장 높았다. 미백 및 항당뇨 효과를 확인하고자 tyrosinase 저해 활성과 α-glucosidase 저해 활성을 비교한 결과 추출용매에 따른 일정한 경향은 없었으며, 100% 에탄올 추출물의 활성이 각각 36.52%와 48.55%로 유의적으로 높았다. RAW 264.7 대식세포를 대상으로 항염증 효과를 확인한 결과 황마늘 추출물은 100 μg/mL 처리시 LPS에 의해 유도되는 염증 인자인 NO 및 cytokine의 생성을 효과적으로 저해하였다. 황마늘 추출물은 항산화, 미백, 항당뇨 및 항염증 활성을 가지고 있으며, 물 추출물보다는 에탄올 추출물에서 더 활성이 높은 것으로 확인되었고 흑마늘 못지않은 건강기능성 소재가 될 것으로 예상된다. This study investigated the quality characteristics and biological activities, such as antioxidant, whitening, anti-diabetes, and anti-inflammatory activities, of yellow garlic, by simplify processing time and manufacturing process compared with black garlic. Extracts were prepared various ratios of water and ethanol solvent [water : ethanol (v/v)= 100:0, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70, 0:100] from yellow garlic. Alliin content of yellow garlic showed no difference compared with fresh garlic, whereas S-allyl cysteine content of yellow garlic was higher than that of fresh garlic. Alliin content of yellow garlic extracts increased in an ethanol concentration-dependent manner. Total phenol and flavonoid contents were highest in 100% ethanol extract. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging abilities did not show significant differences among 0∼70% ethanol extracts, whereas 100% ethanol extract showed the highest contents of 93.45% and 91.46%, respectively. Tyrosinase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were also highest in 100% ethanol extract, but did not show significant differences among the extract solvents. Water and ethanol extracts from yellow garlic showed anti-inflammatory effects by modulating production of NO and cytokines at a concentration of 100 μg/mL. We suggest that yellow garlic has antioxidant, whitening, anti-diabetes, and anti-inflammatory activities and can be used as a functional material similar to black garlic.

흑마늘 추출액의 첨가 농도에 따른 간장의 품질특성 및 항산화 활성

최명효,강재란,강민정,심혜진,이창권,김경민,김동규,신정혜,Choi, Myoung Hyo,Kang, Jae Ran,Kang, Min Jung,Sim, Hye Jin,Lee, Chang Kwon,Kim, Gyoung Min,Kim, Dong Gyu,Shin, Jung Hye 한국식품조리과학회 2016 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.32 No.2

Purpose: In order to develop soy sauce and increase its functionality, by adding black garlic extract. Methods: We compared quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of 20 days aging black garlic soy sauce from mixed manufacturers with raw soy sauce (commercial fermented soy sauce) and different ratio of black garlic extract (65 Brix, 0.3-5.0%). Results: The salt content of the black garlic extract (0.3-5.0%) added soy sauce were 12.35-12.77%. The pH was lowered to 4.99, and acidity was increased to 2.12%, depending on the increase in black garlic extract added ratio. The crude protein and total nitrogen contents were 6.23-6.62% and 1.10-1.16%, respectively, and content of amino form nitrogen was 0.52-0.53%, without significant differences between experimental groups. Contents of reducing sugar and free sugars (fructose and glucose) tended to be higher with higher mixing ratios of black garlic extract. Total phenolic compounds and flavonoids contents were significantly increased in the 3% and 5% black garlic extract addition group. At concentrations of 62.5, 125, 250, 500, 1,000 and $2,000{\mu}g/mL$, the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity of the polysaccharides isolated from control soy sauce and 5% black garlic extract added soy sauce showed higher correlation with their concentration. Conclusion: These results, confirmed that the soy sauce produced by adding more than 3% of black garlic extract has high antioxidant activity.

마늘종 추출물이 고지방식이로 유도된 고지혈증 흰쥐의 지질개선에 미치는 영향

황초롱(Cho-Rong Hwang),강재란(Jae-Ran Kang),강민정(Min-Jung Kang),심혜진(Hye-Jun Sim),신정혜(Jung-Hye Shin) 한국생명과학회 2015 생명과학회지 Vol.25 No.3

고지방식이로 유도된 고지혈증 흰쥐에 마늘종 50% 및 75% 에탄올 추출물을 각각 200 및 400 mg/kg B.W./day 농도로 투여하여 혈중 및 간 조직의 지질 함량 변화에 미치는 영향을 비교하였다. 혈청 총 지질 및 중성지방 함량은 GSB-2군에서 가장 낮았고, 총 콜레스테롤 함량은 GSA-2와 GSB-2군이 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 낮았다. HDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 실험군 중 GSB-2군이 정상군과 유사한 수준을 보였고, LDL- 및 VLDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 GSB-1군 및 GSB-2군이 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 낮았다. AI 및 CRF 지수는 GSB-2군에서 각각 0.58 및 1.57로 가장 낮은 수준이었다. 혈청 AST, ALT 및 ALP 활성은 GSA-2 및 GSB-2군에서 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 낮았다. 간 조직 중 총 지질 함량은 모든 실험군이 대조군에 비해 낮은 함량이었으나 실험군간에 유의차는 없었다. 간 조직 중 총 콜레스테롤 및 중성지방 함량은 GSB-2군에서 가장 낮았다. 혈청 및 간 조직의 항산화 활성은 GSB-2군에서 각각 40.16% 및 47.41%로 가장 높았다. 혈청 및 간 조직의 지질과산화물 함량은 실험군 중 GSB-2군에서 가장 낮았다. This study was designed to investigate the effect of garlic shoot extract administration on serum and liver tissue lipid levels in hyperlipidemic rats. The rats were fed a 45% high-fat diet to induce hyperlipidemia. They were then administered garlic shoot extract (50%) and ethanol extract (75%) at 200 mg/kg B.W./day (GSA-1, GSB-1) and 400 mg/kg B.W./day (GSA-2, GSB-2) for 5 weeks. The total lipid and triglyceride contents in serum were lowest in the GSB-2 group, and the total cholesterol content was significantly lower in the GSA-2 and GSB-2 groups than in the control group. The high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol content of the GSB-2 group was similar to that of the normal group. The low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-cholesterol contents were significantly lower in the GSB-1 and GSB-2 group than in the control group. atherogenic index (AI) and cardiac risk factor (CRF) were lowest in the GSB-2 group (0.58 and 1.57, respectively). Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were significantly higher in the control group than in the normal group, and the levels of AST, ALT, and ALP were significantly lower in the GSA-2 and GSB-2 groups than in the control group. The total lipid content in liver tissue was significantly lower in all the experimental groups compared to that of the control group, but it was not significantly different among the experimental groups. The total cholesterol and triglyceride content in liver tissue was lowest in the GSB-2 group. Antioxidant activity in serum and liver tissue was highest in the GSB-2 group (40.16% and 47.41%, respectively).The thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) content in serum and liver tissue was lowest in the GSB-2 group, with the significant difference. Our results suggest that garlic shoot extracts may improve lipid metabolism in serum and liver tissue and potentially reduce hyperlipidemia.

마늘 효소분해물과 천연색소 소재의 복합물이 고지방 식이성 흰쥐의 지질대사에 미치는 영향

황초롱(Cho-Rong Hwang),강재란(Jung-Hye Shin),심혜진(Jae-Ran Kang),강민정(Hye-Jin Shim),신정혜(Min-Jung Kang) 한국생명과학회 2015 생명과학회지 Vol.25 No.6

마늘 효소분해물과 포도과피, 감 및 아선약 추출물을 혼합한 복합물이 고지방 식이를 급이한 흰쥐의 혈청 및 간 조직 내 지질성분에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 마늘 효소분해물과 포도과피, 감 및 아선약 추출물을 9.5:0.5, 9:1, 8:2(w/w)의 비율로 혼합한 복합물을 제조하여 in vitro에서 DPPH 및 ABTS 라디칼 소거활성을 측정한 결과, 8:2(w/w)로 혼합한 아선약 복합물에서 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 8:2(w/w)의 비율로 조정된 마늘 효소분해 복합물을 2.5 g/kg/day의 농도로 5주간 흰쥐에게 경구 투여한 결과, 총 지질 및 콜레스테롤 함량은 대조군에 비해 아선약 복합물을 투여한 군에서 유의적으로 감소되었고, 중성지방 함량은 감 복합물 투여군에서 54.29 mg/dl로 가장 낮았다. HDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 감 및 아선약 복합물에서 유의적으로 높았고, LDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 천연색소 복합물 투여군에 비해 마늘 효소분해물을 투여한 군에서 더 낮았으며, VLDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 감 복합물 투여군에서 가장 낮았다. GOT, GPT 및 ALP 활성은 천연색소 복할물 중 감 복합물 투여군에서 유의적으로 낮았으며, 간 조직 중 총 지질, 콜레스테롤 및 중성지방 함량은 대조군에 비해 감 및 아선약 복합물 투여군에서 유의적으로 낮았다. 항산화 활성은 혈청에서는 아선약 복합물 투여군에서 50.86%로 가장 높았고, 간 조직에서는 감 복합물 투여군에서 가장 높았다. 혈청 및 간 조직의 TBARS 함량은 감 복합물 투여군에서 각각 18.24 mmol/dl 및 60.72 mmol/dl로 가장 낮았다. 따라서 고지방 식이성 흰쥐에서 마늘 효소분해물에 감 추출물을 혼합한 복합물의 급이는 체내 지질 함량을 낮추고 항산화활성을 증가시킴으로써 고지혈증 및 항비만 효과에 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단된다. The study was performed to investigate the effects of enzyme treated garlic (EG) and its natural resources composites on lipid levels in serum and liver of rats fed a high fat diet. Four different types of EG-composite extracts prepared: EG and EG + grape peel (EGG), EG + Persimmon (EGP) and EG + Catechu (EGC) by mixed 9.5:0.5, 9:1 and 8:2 (w/w) ratios, respectively. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity in vitro, show the highest in EG + Catechu (EGC) composite by mixed 8:2 (w/w). EG and EG-composites extracts (8:2, w/w) were administered orally to SD-male rats at a concentration of 2.5 g/kg/day for 5 weeks. Total lipid and cholesterol contents in serum were significantly lower in EGC group than control group, and triglyceride content was the lowest in EGP group by 54.29 mg/dL. HDL-cholesterol contents were significantly higher in EGP and EGC groups. LDL-cholesterol content was lower in EG group than EG-composite groups, and VLDL cholesterol content was the lowest in EGP group. GOT, GPT and ALP activity was significantly lower in EGP group. Total lipid, cholesterol and triglyceride contents in liver were significantly lower in EGP and EGC group than control group. Antioxidant activity in serum was the highest in EGC groups by 50.86%, in liver was the highest in EGP groups. TBARS content in serum and liver was the lowest in EGP group. In these results, we suggest that EGP composites could have hypolipidemic and anti-obesity effects in rats fed a high fat diet.