탄소 나노입자 보강에 따른 페놀폼의 물성 변화에 대한 연구

송승아(Seung A Song),김성수(Seong Su Kim) 대한기계학회 2013 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2013 No.12

Phenolic foams have high fire resistance, thermal stability at high temperature and maintaining performance over a broad temperature range, which have led to a broad range of applications as an insulating material. However, phenolic foam is needed to improve the mechanical properties for more extensive application. These problems can be improved by controlling the cell morphology because the properties of phenolic foam are determined by the cell morphologies such as cell shape, cell wall thickness and cell density. And the cell morphologies are affected by various factors that are viscosity of the phenolic resin, degree of cure before the foaming and the type of particle for reinforcement. In this work, the phenolic foam was fabricated by reinforcing the nano-particles, multiwall carbon nanotube (MWNT) and graphene, to improve the thermal and mechanical properties of the phenolic foam. The optimal weight percent of particle formed the proper cell morphology of the phenolic foam. And optimal aging time before microwave foaming of each particle reinforced phenolic resin were investigated by cure monitoring using a dielectric sensor to obtain the optimal cell morphology. From the experimental results, optimal weight percent of the each carbon nanoparticle was found based on the cell morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of the phenolic foams.

인질범죄의 처벌에 관한 형사법상 제규정의 검토

송승은 ( Seung Eun Song ) 홍익대학교 법학연구소 2011 홍익법학 Vol.12 No.1

인질범죄는 사회적으로 큰 반향을 불러일으키며 불안심리를 확산시키고, 인질이 사망하는 등의 최악의 상황이 나타날 수 있는 강력범죄에 속한다. 세계 각국은 이러한 인질범죄에 대한 상세하고도 구체적인 입법 등을 통하여 적극적인 대응을 하고 있다. 우리의 경우도 형법 및 특별법상의 제규정을 통하여 인질범죄에 대처하고 있으나, 몇 가지 점에서 문제점이 발견되고 있다. 주요국가의 인질범죄 관련법규와 우리의 제규정들을 검토한 결과 문제점 및 개선안은 다음과 같다. 우선 형법상 인질강요죄는 그 본질상 재산죄에 속하는 것이 아니므로 외국의 입법례에서 보듯이 개인의 자유에 관한 죄의 장에서 규율해야 한다. 인질강도죄의 경우에도 그 법적 성격이 공갈죄의 가중된 구성요건에 해당하므로, 강도의 죄의 장보다는 공갈의 죄의 장에서 규정하는 것이 그 본질에 부합할 것이다. 또한 인질강도죄는 3자 관계를 전제함으로써 인질인 당사자에 대한 강요행위를 포함하지 못하므로 이에 대한 재검토가 있어야 한다. 그리고 형사특별법상의 인질범죄조항은 당시 여론에 의해 졸속으로 마련된 것이고, 별다른 문제없이 형법에 편입될 수 있으므로 삭제되어야 한다. 또한 흉기휴대 또는 2인이상 합동으로 범한 인질범죄는 그 강폭성과 집단성으로 인하여 일반인질범죄에 비해 불법이 가중된 범죄이므로, 이에 대한 조항의 신설이 요구된다. 아울러 우리 형사법체계에서는 항공기 또는 선박내에서 행하는 인질범죄에 대한 처벌조항이 없으므로, 이를 신설하여 국제인질테러행위에 대한 적극적 예방과 처벌을 위한 사법권확보를 하여야 한다. A hostage is a person or entity which is held by a captor. In modern days, it means someone who is seized by a criminal abductor in order to compel another party such as a relative, employer or government to act, or refrain from acting, in a particular way, often under threat of serious physical harm to the hostage(s) after expiration of an ultimatum. A party which seizes hostages is known as hostage-taker. Taking hostages is today considered a crime or a terrorist act. Hostage taking is still often politically motivated or intended to raise a ransom or to enforce an exchange against other hostages or even condemned convicts. It will not pay ransom, release prisoners, change its policies, or agree to other acts that might encourage additional terrorism. Under Korea Criminal Law, any person who arrests, confines, captures or entices another person as hostage, and interferes with exercise of right by a third person, or makes one do any unobliged work, shall be punished by imprisonment for definite term of three or more years. But if a person who has committed the hostage crime or who has attempt the crime, releases the hostage to a safe place, the punishment may be mitigated. And any person who arrests, confines, captures or entices another person as hostage, and acquires any property or benefits to property, or has a third person acquire them, shall be punished by imprisonment for definite term of three or more years. The Republic of Korea must seeks effective judicial prosecution and punishment for terrorists and criminals victimizing the Korea Government or its citizens and use all legal methods to these ends, including extradition. However, Korean Law is not adequate to crack down on hostage-taking effectively. In order to contribute a help to prevent of hostage crime, Korean Criminal Law has to be somewhat revised and the international cooperation in criminal justice has to be more closely fixed.

Wisdom Motifs in the Nicodemus Discourse (John 3:1-21)

송승인 ( Seung-in Song ) 한국대학선교학회 2020 대학과 선교 Vol.45 No.-

본 논문의 목적은 니고데모 담화가 지혜 모티프에 상당히 의존되어 있음을 보여주는 것이다. 본 연구를 통해 필자는 이 담화에 등장하는 열 가지 지혜 모티프를 발견했다. 요한복음 3:3의 거듭남과 하나님의 나라를 봄의 개념은 지혜서 7:22-27과 10:10로부터 기원한 듯하다. 니고데모의 오해는 아마도 시락서 4:17-19로부터 영향을 받은 것으로 보인다. 요한복음 3:8의 바람과 성령의 배치는 전도서 11:5로부터 영향을 받았다. 지혜서 16:5-14이 요한복음 3:14-18의 광야의 놋뱀 이미지의 주된 배경이다. 이러한 관찰에 근거해 필자는 니고데모 담화가 지혜 모티프로 가득할 뿐만 아니라 지혜모티프의 빛 가운데서 더 잘 이해될 수 있다고 결론 내린다. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the Nicodemus discourse’s indebtedness to sapiential motifs. I have identified ten wisdom motifs in the discourse. Rebirth and seeing the kingdom of God in John 3:3 seem to be originated from Wisdom 7:22-27 and 10:10. Nicodemus’ misunderstanding is probably influenced by Sirach 4:17-19. The juxtaposition of wind and the Spirit in John 3:8 is borrowed from Ecclesiastes 11:5. Wisdom 16:5-14 is the primary background of the image of the serpent in the wilderness in John 3:14-18. Based on these observations, I conclude that the Nicodemus discourse is not only full of wisdom motifs but also can be understood better in light of the sapiential motif.

영국의 범죄피해자보상제도에 대한 소고

송승은(Song, Seung-Eun) 한국피해자학회 2012 被害者學硏究 Vol.20 No.2

At the start of the 21st century, the UK has one of the most developed arrangements for victims protection and compensation. In the UK the criminal victim may be able to get compensation from the criminal through a criminal court(Compensation Order) or from the government if you are the victim of a violent crime(Criminal Injuries Compensation Scheme). First, both the magistrates and the Crown Court have a discretionary power to make an order requiring a convicted defendant to pay compensation for any personal injury, loss or damage resulting from the offence in accordance with the provisions of the Power of Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000. The maximum sum that can be awarded by magistrates is £5,000 in respect of each offence. the Crown Court can order an unlimited sum to be paid as compensation. An order can be made in favour of the relatives and dependants of a deceased person, in respect of bereavement and funeral expenses. A compensation order can be imposed alongside a separate sentence or as a penalty in its own right. Where both a fine and a compensation order are appropriate but the offender lacks the means to pay both, the compensation order payments will take priority. In making the order, the court must have regard to the defendant's means. The offender may apply for review of the compensation order at any time before the whole of the money under the order has been paid. Second, a restitution order is designed to restore to a person entitled to them goods which have been stolen or otherwise unlawfully removed from him, or to restore to him a sum of money representing the proceeds of the goods, out of money found in the offender's possession on apprehension(the Power of Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000, s.148). There is no requirement under these provisions that account should be taken of the offender's means. Third, the Criminal Injuries Compensation Scheme is a fund which has been set up by the government to provide compensation to people who have suffered personal injury as a result of an assault or other violent offence which has been committed against them. Getting compensation form the scheme does not depend on someone being convicted of a criminal offence. The fund is controlled by the Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority, which is a government organisation responsible for processing claims for compensation and deciding how much compensation should be awarded in each individual case. Financial loss can include lost earnings due to time being off work, medical bills and expenses and the cost of providing special equipment to help rehabilitate you after your injury. The Criminal Injuries Compensation authority has a minimum award of £1000 and if the injury and financial loss are worth less than this, the applicant will not receive any compensation. The maximum award which the tribunal can make is £500,000. It is possible to appeal against a decision not to award compensation, or to limit the amount of compensation awarded. When a decision is appealed, the authority will first arrange for a review. If the review results in the same outcome as the original decision, it is possible to appeal against the decision to the First-tier Tribunal.

요한복음의 서론과 요한복음 1:19-51의 관계

송승인 ( Seung-in Song ) 한세대학교 영산신학연구소 2020 영산신학저널 Vol.0 No.53

요한복음의 서론(1:1-18)과 본론(1:19-20:31)의 관계는 요한학계의 오랜 논쟁 중하나이다. 많은 학자들이 서론은 본론과 독립적인 부분이라고 생각함으로 이 두 부분은 다른 저자들에 의해 기록되었다고 주장한다. 이 학자들이 이렇게 주장하는 근거는 그들이 보기에 이 두 부분은 유사점들보다는 차이점들이 더 많기 때문이다. 이에 비해 일단의 학자들은 이 두 부분이 실제로는 많은 유사점을 가지고 있으며 차이점은 상대적으로 적다고 관찰한다. 이 오랜 논쟁에 기여하기 위해 필자는 이이슈에 대해 새롭게 접근했다. 이전의 연구들은 서론과 서론을 뺀 나머지 부분을비교하여 이 두 부분 간 어떤 연결점들이 있는지를 조사한 반면, 본 연구는 서론과 서론에 바로 이어지는 요한복음 1:19-51 간 관계에 집중한다. 이 연구를 통해 필자는 서론과 요한복음 1:19-51은 내러티브적으로 긴밀하게 짜여져 있다고 제안한다. 이 두 부분을 철저하게 분석한 결과 필자는 이 두 부분 간 전체 열 가지 연결점을 관찰했다(증언 주제, 보냄의 개념, “보다” 동사, 계시 개념, 그리스도의 선재 개념, 새창조 패러다임, 1:19-42은 1:6-8의 패턴을 따름, 세 단어(모세, 율법, 예수)를 공유함, 성전 모티프, 그리스도라는 단어). 필자는 또한 이 열 가지 연결점을 언어적 연결, 주제적 연결, 구조적 연결의 세 가지 유형으로 분류했다. 이 관찰을 통해 필자는 두 가지를 제안한다. 첫째, 서론과 본론은 동일 저자에 의해 기록되었다. 둘째, 서론 중1:6-8, 1:12c-13, 1:15, 1:17-18은 기존에 존재하던 시(소위 로고스 시)에 후대에 첨가된 부분이 아니다. The relation between the Prologue of the Fourth Gospel (John 1:1-18) and the body (John 1:19-20:31) is one of the long-running Johannine debates. Many scholars have held that the Prologue is an independent part of the body so that these two parts were composed by different authors. The ground for this contention is that they are thought to have more differences than similarities. On the contrary, a group of scholars observes that these two parts actually have a lot of continuity, and differences are relatively small. In order to advance this debate, I present a new approach. While the previous studies have compared the Prologue with the rest of the Gospel, examining what connection points exist between these two, the present study focuses on the relation between the Prologue and John 1:19-51, which immediately follows the Prologue. Through this study, I assert that the Prologue and John 1:19-51 are interwoven in the same narrative frame. Based on my analytical comparison, I have identified a total of ten connection points: testimony theme, sending concept, “see” verb, revealing concept, the concept of preexistence of Christ, new creation paradigm, 1:19-42 following the pattern of 1:6-8, sharing three words (Moses/the Law/Jesus), temple motif, and sharing the word Christ. I also classified them into three types: linguistic connections, thematic connections, and structural connections. These findings have led me to propose two suggestions. First, the Prologue and the body were composed by the same hand. Second, 1:6-8, 1:12c-13, 1:15, and 1:17-18 in the Prologue are not parts that were added to an original poem (the so-called “a Logos hymn”).

코넬노트 및 팀토의를 활용한 플립러닝 설계전략 방안 연구

송승아(Song, Seung-Ah) 한국경영교육학회 2020 경영교육연구 Vol.35 No.1

[연구목적] 빠르게 변화하는 경영환경에 능동적으로 대처하고 문제해결능력을 함양한 인재를 양성하는데 적합한 교수법인 플립러닝을 적용하여 강의를 개발하고 강의 운영전략을 새로이 수립하고 운영함에 있어서 팀 토론과 예습노트를 작성하는 것이 학습효과를 향상시킬 수 있는지에 대해 설문조사하였으며 실제 교과목 적용사례를 공유하고자 한다. [연구방법] 온라인 강의를 청취할 때 예습노트를 작성하고 준비된 코넬노트 양식의 예습노트를 가지고 오프라인 토론 시간에 참여함으로써 학습효과가 증가되었다고 인식하는지를 학기말에 설문하는 방식으로 연구를 진행하였으며, 수업 설계측면에서는 오프라인 수업 운영 방안에 대해 가이드라인을 제공한다. [연구결과] 설문결과 예습노트는 팀토의에 적극적으로 참여할 수 있도록 학생들을 준비시키는 보조 장치로 작용하였으며, 플립러닝 수업에 예습노트와 팀 토론양식을 적용한 것이 긍정적 학습효과를 가져왔다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. [연구의 시사점] 예습노트와 팀 토론 양식을 동시에 플립러닝에 적용하고 그 학습효과에 대한 학생들의 인식을 조사함으로써 이론적, 실무적 시사점을 제공하였다. [Purpose] It takes time and effort for the instructor to change the teaching style, create new video lectures, and develop new teaching strategies. Even if you are ready, you may encounter many unexpected difficulties in the actual operation process, so this study aim to share a case study on a flip-learning application using cornell note and team discussion form that can help instructors who want to apply flip learning to business administration. [Methodology] At the end of the semester, the study was conducted by surveying whether the student perceived that the learning effect was increased by participating in the offline discussion with a cornell-note format based preliminary note prepared while listening to the online lecture and also in terms of class design, the study provides guidelines on how to operate offline classes. [Findings] This study found that preparation of preliminary note was used as an aid to prepare students to actively participate in the team discussion and applying the cornell notes and the team discussion form to the flip learning class showed a positive learning effect. [Implications] This study applies cornell notes and team discussion form to flip learning and students’ perceptions of the learning effects were examined to provide theoretical and practical implications.

연구논문 : 분기별 판매관리비 원가행태

송승아 ( Seung Ah Song ) 한국회계학회 2013 회계저널 Vol.22 No.2

본 연구는 판매관리비의 하방경직적 원가행태를 연구한 안태식 외(2004) 이후의 판매관리비 연구들과는 달리 적시성을 갖춘 분기별 원가정보를 활용하여 분기별 판매관리비의 원가행태를 최초로 살펴보았다. 구체적으로 본 연구는 판매관리비의 분기별 원가행태가 비대칭적이라면 하방경직적인지, 혹은 하방탄력적인지 그리고 각 분기별로는 어떠한 원가행태를 보이는지 알아보고자 하였다. 또한 전년 동기대비 증감은 평가관리목적으로 매우 중요하기에, 동일연도 내에서의 분기별 변화와 전년 대비 동 분기의 원가 변화라는 두 가지 관점에서 연구를 진행하였다. 분석결과 첫째, 판매관리비에 대한 분석에서 매출액이 감소할 때, 1분기와 3분기에는 기업이 원가를 더 적극적으로 감소시켜 발생하는 하방탄력적 원가행태가, 그리고 2분기와 4분기에는 원가를 소극적으로 감소시켜 발생하는 하방경직적 원가행태가 관찰되었다. 둘째, 손실보고기업의 경우 4분기에 하방경직적 원가행태를 보였으며, 셋째, 전년 동기 원가행태 분석결과에서는 1~4 분기 모두에 대해서 하방경직성을 보였다. 본 연구는 기존 분기별 이익의 특성에 대한 연구에 대하여, 이익을 매출과 원가로 세부항목으로 나누어 보았을 때 원가의 한 요소인 판매관리비의 분기별 특성에 대한 연구를 하였다는 점에서 향후 분기이익연구에도 시사점을 제공할 수 있을 것이다. No previous studies have shown the SG&A cost behavior using the cost information from quarterly financial statements since the emergence of cost stickiness study followed by Anderson et al.(2003) and Ahn et al.(2004). This study aims to investigate whether the quarterly cost behavior is symmetric or asymmetric. And if the cost behavior is asymmetric, the study questions whether it is cost sticky or super-variable across 4 different quarters after considering each quarter`s own characteristics. The analysis includes new models modified based on cost stickiness model as suggested by Anderson et al.(2003). The empirical results are as follows: First, cost stickiness is observed for the 2nd and 4th quarters. Meanwhile, super-variable cost behavior is observed for the 1st and 3rd quarters. Secondly, firms with loss in the 4th quarter showed cost sticky behavior. Thirdly, cost behavior analysis by comparing quarters to the previous year, instead of comparing quarters to the previous quarter, shows that SG&A costs are sticky as predicted.

상징/문자 결정 지표를 활용한 스가랴 14:8, 요엘 3:18, 에스겔 47:1-12에 등장하는 물의 의미에 대한 재고

송승인(Seung-In Song) 한국구약학회 2020 구약논단 Vol.26 No.1

The purpose of this paper is to examine the meaning of the outflow of water from the temple or Jerusalem as described in Zechariah 14:8, Joel 3:18, and Ezekiel 47:1-12. This study is divided into three main parts. In the first part, I briefly examined these three texts. In the second part, I reviewed eight main interpretations so far of water in the three texts (the historical earthly temple, the symbol of future hopes, the heavenly temple, the use of the image of the Garden of Eden, the Holy Spirit, the process of cleansing the earth as a preparation for true worship, the amniotic fluid being shed at birth, and the influence of 1 Kings 7:39). In the final third part, these eight interpretations were evaluated by the use of my literal/symbolic indicators that were identified in my doctoral dissertation. Each of these six indicators was applied to the three texts. Based on this application, I ruled out four symbolic interpretations of the eight candidates. Of the four remaining interpretations, I rated “the use of the image of the Garden of Eden” as the best option, which best matches the indicator of whether the proposed interpretation (literal or symbolic) fits the adjacent context. Based on this analysis, therefore, I interpret that the image of the outflow of water from the temple in Zechariah 14:8, Joel 3:18, and Ezekiel 47:1-12 indicates literal water flowing from the physical temple to be built in Jerusalem in the future. I also suggest that the authors of these three Old Testament books used this picture of the Eden image to portray this futuristic event.

연료 압력 조절기용 가이드 밸브의 냉간 단조 개발에 관한 연구

송승은(Seung-Eun Song),권혁홍(Hyuk-Hong Kwon) 한국생산제조학회 2012 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.21 No.2

This study was aimed at the design of the dies for the guide valve for the fuel pressure regulator using the computer simulation to shorten the period of production, on the basis of the process planning which was designed by the field experts. In the computer simulation, ‘Deform-3d’ and ‘Eesy-DieOpt’ have been used, which are the commercial process analysis and die design program. Through the process analysis, we could know the propriety of the forming process, the inner pressure of the die and the suitable fitting pressure between the insert and the sleeve which was not showing any positive tangential stresses in the insert. Through the simulation of die design, we could know the number of the stress ring, the diameter ratios, the stresses of the die, the shrink fitting tolerance and temperature in the condition of the already determined maximum outer die diameter of the multi-stage former. The validity of the die design using the computer simulation was analyzed by the experiments and the results were satisfactory. As the results of this study, the new and easy die design system for multi-forging has been developed.

거짓말탐지기 검사와 그 결과의 증거능력에 관한 고찰

송승은(Song Seung-Eun) 성균관대학교 법학연구소 2006 성균관법학 Vol.18 No.3