가시나무 용기묘 생산을 위한 적정 시비 수준 구명

성환인,최규성,김종진,송기선 경상국립대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2020 농업생명과학연구 Vol.54 No.3

본 연구는 우리나라의 대표적인 난대 상록활엽수종 중의 하나인 가시나무의 고품질 용기묘 생산을 위한 적정 시비수준을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 용기는 임업시설양묘용 플라스틱 용기(350 ㎖/구)를 사용하였고, 시비처리는 무시비구와 함께 수용성 복합비료인 Multifeed 19 (N:P:K =19:19:19, v/v)를 1000 ㎎․L-1, 2000 ㎎․L-1, 3000 ㎎․L-1로 조절하여 시비하였다. 실험결과, 수고와 근원경 생장은 시비수준이 높아짐에 따라 높은 생장값으로나타났다. 건물생산량도 전체적으로 수고 및 근원경 생장 결과와 유사한 경향으로 나타났다. 뿌리발달은 2000 ㎎․L-1 시비구에서 가장 왕성하였다. 묘목의 품질을 나타내는 지수인 QI (Quality Index)도 2000 ㎎․L-1 시비구에서 가장 높았다. 연구결과를 종합하면, 가시나무 용기묘의 우량한묘목생산을 위한 적정 시비수준은 2000 ㎎․L-1 시비구로 판단된다. This study was conducted in order to closely examine about optimum fertilization for production superior container seedling of Quercus myrsinaefolia, which is one of typical broad-leaved evergreen tree species in the warm temperate zone of Korean. The experiment of investigating the optimum fertilization on Q. myrsinaefolia was carried out by using plastic container types (350 ㎖/cavity) for the forestry facility cultivation. The fertilization level was made by modulating Multifeed 19 (N:P:K =19:19:19, v/v), which is water soluble compound fertilizer, to 1000 ㎎․L-1, 2000 ㎎․L-1, 3000 ㎎․L-1, together with non-fertilization plot. As a result, height and root collar diameter growth showed higher growth value as fertilization level increased. Dry matter production, It was surveyed to be the similar tendency to the outcome of height and root collar diameter growth. Root development was the highest in 2000 ㎎․L-1. QI, which is index of showing the quality of a seedling, stood at 0.393 in 2000 ㎎․L-1, thereby having been surveyed to be higher than other treatment plots. Based on the results of these experiments, optimum fertilization for superior seedling production a container seedling of Q. myrsinaefolia is determined at 2000 ㎎․L-1.

용기 종류에 따른 쉬나무 용기묘의 생장 및 묘목품질 특성

성환인,송기선,김종진,최규성,Sung, Hwan In,Song, Ki Seon,Kim, Jong Jin,Choi, Kyu Seong 한국산림과학회 2022 한국산림과학회지 Vol.111 No.3

본 연구는 대체에너지, 생태복원 및 밀원식물용 등으로 이용되어 묘목 수요가 증가되고 있는 쉬나무(Tetradium daniellii (Benn.) T. G. Hartley)의 우량한 용기묘 생산을 위한 적정 용기 규격(생육밀도, 용적 등)을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 적정 용기 구명 실험은 쉬나무를 임업시설양묘용 플라스틱 용기 5종(500 ml, 350 ml, 320 ml, 300 ml, 250 ml)을 사용하여 실시하였다. 실험결과, 간장과 근원경 생장은 SI 350 용기에서 현저히 높은 값을 보였으며, 대체적으로 용기 구 용적이 크고 생육밀도가 낮을수록 높은 생장을 나타냈다. 묘목의 뿌리형태특성을 측정한 결과 SI 350 용기에서 뿌리발달이 가장 왕성하게 조사되었다. 건물생산량도 SI 350에서 가장 높았고 전체적으로 간장 및 근원경 생장 결과와 유사한 경향으로 나타났다. 묘목의 품질을 나타내는 지수인 QI(Quality Index)도 SI 350 용기에서 0.97로 가장 높게 조사되었다. 연구결과를 종합하면, 쉬나무 용기묘의 우량한 묘목생산을 위한 적정 용기 종류는 SI 350 용기로 판단된다. There is an increasing demand for Tetradium daniellii seedlings due to their uses as alternative energy, for ecological restoration, and as a honey plant. This study was conducted to determine the optimum container for superior seedling production of T. daniellii. Experiments were performed using five plastic container types (500, 350, 320, 300, and 250 ml) for forestry facility cultivation. The height and root collar diameter growth of T. daniellii seedlings were significantly high in the 350-ml container. High growth appeared primarily in the container with a larger cavity volume and lower growing density. Root development was most active in full sunlight. The maximum dry matter production was observed in the 350-ml container, which was similar to the results of height and root collar diameter growth. QI, an index showing the quality of a seedling, was maximum at 0.97 in the 350-ml container. In conclusion, the 350-ml container is optimum for superior seedling production of T. daniellii.

피음 및 시비처리에 따른 가시나무 1년생 용기묘의 생장과 묘목품질 특성

성환인 ( Hwan In Sung ),송기선 ( Ki Sun Song ),차영근 ( Young Geun Cha ),김종진 ( Jong Jin Kim ) 한국산림과학회 2011 한국산림과학회지 Vol.100 No.4

The purpose of this study was to examine potential effects of shading and fertilizing treatment - two basic applicable factors in production of 1-year-old container seedling - on growth and seedling quality of Quercus myrsinaefolia, one of evergreen tree species in warm temperate zone of Korean. Every experimental process was conducted in a facility that consisted of compartments under the lighting control with full sunlight and shading (35%, 55% and 75% of full sunlight). Based on fertilizing treatment, this study made an experiment in 4 groups of container seedling: control (non-treated seedlings) and 1000, 2000, 3000 ppm group (3 groups with different concentrations of water-soluble fertilizer (N:P:K=19:19:19, v/v). Seedlings under 55% shading with 2000 ppm concentration showed the highest height (totaling 21.1 cm), and under 35% shading with 2000 ppm concentration showed the highest root collar diameter growth (totaling 3.96 mm) among others. All three fertilizing groups except control showed H/D ratio ranging from 4.27 to 5.26 regardless of fertilizer concentration under 35% and 55% shading where container seedlings showed a tendency toward excellent growth of height and root collar diameter. Overall, 2000 ppm group under 55% shading showed highest dry mass production of leaves (1,292 g) among others, while 2000 ppm group under 35% shading showed highest dry mass production of shoots and roots (0.592 g and 0.998 g, respectively) among others. Also, it was found that 2000 ppm group under 35% shading showed the highest dry mass production of whole seedling, which was followed by 2000 ppm group under 55% shading and 3000 ppm group under 35% shading, respectively. According to analysis on LWR of Quercus myrsinaefolia depending on shading and fertilizing treatment, it was found that 3000 ppm group under 75% shading showed highest LWR level among others, whereas every fertilized group showed lower RWR level than control without fertilizing regardless of shading levels. In general, all fertilized groups under 55% shading had relatively high quality index (QI), and 2000 ppm group under 35% shading had highest QI among others. Based on the findings of this study, it is concluded that shading level ranging from 35 to 55% and fertilizing concentration of 2,000 ppm are suitable for producing 1-year-old container seedlings of Quercus myrsinaefolia with excellent growth and high quality index.

조용매에 의한 초임계이산화탄소에서의 염료용해도 증진

성환도,장성호,심재진,배효광 ( Hwan Do Sung,Sung Ho Chang,Jae Jin Shim,Hyo Kwang Bae ) 한국화학공학회 1996 화학공학의이론과응용 Vol.2 No.2

Enhancement of Dye Solubility by Adding Coslvents

Sung,Hwan-Do,Shim,Jae-Jin 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 1997 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.25 No.1

Batch식 평형법을 이용하여 각각 35와 60℃의 온도에 대하여 8-35MPa의 압력 범위에서 순수한 초임게이산화탄소와 조용매가 첨가된 초임계이산화탄소에서의 C.I.Disperse Red 60염료의 용해도를 측정하였다. 10mol%의 아세톤 또는 에틸알코올을 첨가하였을 경우에는 염료의 용해도가 500%가지 증가하였으며, 동일 조용매 농도에서는 전체 압력 범위에서 대체적으로 유사한 용해도 증진 효과를 볼 수 있었다.에틸알콜이 첨가된 이산화탄소에 대해서 조용매의 양에 따라 용해도가 지수함수적으로 증가하는 것을 볼 수 있었으며, 아세톤이 첨가된 이산화탄소의 경우에도 거의 같은 정도의 용해도값을 보여주었다. 같은 밀도에서의 용해도는 35℃에서보다 60℃에서 2-4배 더 크게 나타났다 Solubility of C.I. Disperse Red 60 dye in supercritical carbon dioxide admixed with a cosolvent as well as in pure supercritical carbon dioxide has been measured at pressures ranging from 8 to 35MPa at two 35 and 60℃ using a batch-type equilibration method. The dye solubility was enhanced up to 500% when added up to 10 mol% of acetone or ethyl alcohol. for the same cosolvent concentration there was basically the same amount of solubility enhancement for the entire pressure range. For ethyl alcohol-laden carbon dioxide, there was an exponential increase in solubility with increasing the amount of cosolvent. Acetone-laden carbon dioxide showed almost the same solubility values as ethyl alcohol-laden carbon dioxide. The solubility was 2-4 times larger at 60℃ than at 35℃ at the same density

초임계유체 - 고분자계의 상평형

장성호,성환도,심재진,배효광 ( S . H . Chang,H . D . Sung,J . J . Shim,H . K . Bae ) 한국화학공학회 1996 화학공학의이론과응용 Vol.2 No.1

요부 변성 후만증 환자의 보행 전후 골반경사각의 변화

김환정,김하용,성환일,박건영,박재국,서동욱,최원식,이한철,강종원 대한척추외과학회 2009 대한척추외과학회지 Vol.16 No.2

연구계획: 후향적 연구 연구목적: 요부 변성 후만증으로 진단받은 환자에 대하여 보행 전후 단순 방사선 검사와 보행 분석 검사를 통한 골반 경사각의 변화를 분석함으로써 그 유용성에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 척추 시상면 불균형으로 진단받고 수술 받은 32명의 환자 중 다발성 압박 골절이 있거나, 척추 수술을 받은 과거력이 있는 경우, 슬관절이나 고관절의 퇴행성 질환으로 수술을 받은 경우 및 표지자를 정위치에 설치하기 어려운 고도 비만 환자를 제외한 요부 변성 후만증 18예를 대상으로 하였다. 이들 환자군의 평균 연령은 64세(56~72 세)이었고, 남자가 2명, 여자가 16명이었다. 환자들의 방사선학적 평가 및 보행 분석 검사를 시행하였다. 방사선학적 으로 골반 경사각을 측정하였고, 보행 분석 자료는 보행의 선형 지수와 운동 형상학 데이터를 구하였다. 결과: 평균 보행 속도(Walking velocity)는 80.7 cm/s로 정상군에 비교하여 65%로 크게 감소하였다. 평균 분속수 (cadence)는 108.7(steps/min, 정상의 106%), 평균 활보장(Stride length)은 89.3 cm(정상의 61%), 양발 간격(Step Width) 은 평균 11.2 cm (정상의 94%)로 측정되었고, 보행 속도 감소의 원인은 분속수가 감소해서가 아니라 환자의 활보장 이 감소하였기 때문이었다. 보행 분석 검사에서 측정한 보행 전 골 반 경사각은 평균 -1.3±8.0˚로 전방경사 8예, 후방 경사 10예 였으며, 보행 중 측정한 골반 경사각은 평균 12.5±8.2˚(14.1±8.4~10.8±8.4˚)로 전방경사가 17예, 후방경 사 1예로 측정되어 통계학적으로 의미있는 차이를 보였으며(p<0.05), 상관관계 계수는 -0.88로 매우 유의한 상관 관 계를 보였다. 결론: 비록 통계학적인 유의성은 없었지만 보행 전과 15분 보행 후 촬영한 단순 방사선 검사에서 골반이 전방으로 경 사되는 경향을 보였으며, 보행 분석 검사에서는 보행 도중 골반 신전 근육의 피로가 증가함에 따라 골반이 전방 경사 되는 것을 통계학적으로 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 요부 변성 후만증 환자에서 골반 경사각의 동적인 변화를 보기 위 해서는 보행 분석 검사가 유용하리라 사료된다. Study Design: This is a retrospective study. Objectives: We wanted to verify the value of radiography and gait analysis to analyze the changes of the pelvic tilt before and after gait in the patients with LDK. Summary of Literature Review: Patients with lumbar degenerative kyphosis show dynamic changes that are closely associated with the motion of pelvis. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 18 lumbar degenerative kyphosis patients who didn’t have multiple vertebral compressio fractures, a past history of spinal surgery or surgery for degenerative arthritis of the knee or hip, and obesity which causes marker errors on the gait analysis. Pelvic tilt was statistically evaluated by utilizing radiographs and dynamically utilizing the gait analysis. The linear parameters of the gait cycle and the kinematic data were obtained from the gait analysis. Results: The LDK patients’ mean walking velocity was 80.7 cm/s, and it was largely decreased to 65% of the normal value. The cause of the decreased walking velocity was a decrease of stride length, and not a decrease of cadence. The mean static pelvic tilt in the gait analysis was -1.3±8.0˚, and there were 8 cases of anterior tilt and 10 cases of posterior tilt. The mean pelvic tilt during gait was 12.5±8.2˚, and there were 17 cases of anterior tilt and 1 case of posterior tilt. It was statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between the mean static pelvic tilt in gait analysis and the mean pelvic tilt during gait and the Pearson’s correlation coefficient was -0.88. Conclusions: Though there was no statistical significance, we observed anterior pelvic rotation after gait on the radiographs. As fatigue of the pelvic extensor muscles increases during gait, anterior pelvis tilt increases with statistical significance on the gait analysis. Therefore, we feel gait analysis is useful for evaluating the dynamic change of the pelvic tilt in patients with LDK.

쉬나무의 용기묘 대량생산을 위한 적정 시비 수준 구명

최규성,구다은,성환인,김종진,원창오,송기선 경상국립대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2019 농업생명과학연구 Vol.53 No.5

This study was conducted in order to closely examine about optimum fertilization for superior seedling producion a container seedling of Tetradium daniellii, which is being increased the demand for a seedling due to being used for alternative energy, ecological restoration and honey plant. The experiment of investigating the optimum fertilization on T. daniellii was carried out by using plastic container types (350 ㎖/cavity) for the forestry facility cultivation. The fertilization level was made by modulating Multifeed 19 (N:P:K=19:19:19, v/v), which is water soluble compound fertilizer, to 500 ㎎·L-1, 1000 mg·L-1, 1500 mg·L-1, 2000 mg·L-1, together with non-fertilization plot. As a result, height and root collar diameter growth showed higher growth value as fertilization level increased, but decreased when fertilization above 1000 mg·L-1. Root development was the highest in 1000 mg·L-1. Dry matter production, it was investigated to be the highest in 1000 mg·L-1. It was surveyed to be the similar tendency to the outcome of height and root collar diameter growth. QI, which is index of showing the quality of a seedling, stood at 0.97 in 1000 mg·L-1, thereby having been surveyed to be higher than other treatment plots. As a result of surveying the whole experiment, optimum fertilization for superior seedling producion a container seedling of T. daniellii is determined at 1000 mg·L-1. It is expected that this will be used as a basic data for mass production. 본 연구는 대체에너지, 생태복원 및 밀원식물용 등으로 이용되어 묘목 수요가 증가되고 있는 쉬나무의 우량한 용기묘 생산을 위한 적정 시비수준을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 공시용기는 임업시설양묘용 플라스틱 용기(350 ㎖/구)를 사용하였다. 시비처리는 무시비구와 함께 수용성 복합비료인 Multifeed 19 (N:P:K=19:19:19, v/v)를 500 ㎎·L-1, 1000 ㎎·L-1, 1500 ㎎·L-1, 2000 ㎎·L-1로 조절하여 시비하였다. 실험결과, 간장과 근원경 생장은 시비수준이 높아짐에 따라 높은 생장값을 나타내다가 1000 ㎎·L-1 이상의 시비에서는 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 뿌리발달은 1000 ㎎·L-1에서 가장 왕성하였다. 건물생산량도1000 ㎎·L-1에서 가장 높았고 전체적으로 간장 및 근원경 생장 결과와 유사한 경향으로 나타났다. 묘목의 품질을 나타내는 지수인 QI (Quality Index)도 1000 ㎎·L-1에서 0.97로 다른 처리구 보다 높게 조사되었다. 연구결과를 종합하면, 쉬나무 용기묘의 우량한 묘목생산을 위한 적정 시비수준은 1000 ㎎·L-1로판단되며, 쉬나무 용기묘의 대량생산을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

퇴행성 요추 질환으로 단분절 척추 유합술 및 척추경 나사못 고정술을 시행한 환자에서 나사못 기기의 금속 실패 단축과 다축 나사못 비교

강종원,김환정,성환일,박재국,박건영,김용인,최원식 대한척추외과학회 2008 대한척추외과학회지 Vol.15 No.4

Study Design: Retrospective study Objective: To evaluate the factors affecting metal failure and screw loosening of short-segmental (1- or 2-segmental) monoaxial or polyaxial screw fixation for degenerative lumbar disease. Summary of Literature Review: There was a report on metal failure and screw loosening in short-segmental monoaxial and polyaxial screw fixation in degenerative lumbar disease. Materials and Methods: This study examined 227 cases who underwent short-segmental transpedicular screw fixation and vertebral fusion for a degenerative lumbar. Results: Metal failure of transpedicular screws was detected in 6 cases, 3 each in groups A and B. Screw loosening occurred in 16 and 43 cases in group A and B, respectively. Both groups had a similar incidence of spinal stenosis with instability and spondylolisthesis. The failure rate and screw loosening according to the fusion level was also similar. The failure and screw loosening rates was higher in the cases who did not undergo PLIF than in the cases who underwent PLIF but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The metal failure and screw loosening rates after transpedicular screw fixation and spinal fusion procedures for degenerative lumbar diseases using monoaxial screws and polyaxial screws were similar.

경추전방 유합술후 인접분절의 퇴행성 변화

강종원,김환정,성환일,박건영,박재국,강성일,최원식 대한척추외과학회 2008 대한척추외과학회지 Vol.15 No.4

Study Design: A retrospective radiologic analysis of 34 patients Objectives: To evaluate the factors influencing the radiographic degenerative changes in the adjacent segments in one-level ACDF Summary of Literature Review: There is a 25% incidence of adjacent segment degeneration after 5 years. Materials and Method: From 2002 to 2005, 34 patients (male 23, female 11) underwent anterior cervical spine fusion using a cage or bone block for degenerative cervical spine. The mean age of the patients was 51 years and the mean follow-up period was 24 months. The degenerative findings of the upper and lower adjacent segment were measured from the pre-operative MRI. The fused segment curvature, disc heights of the adjacent segments, displacement of the vertebral bodies and angular mobility in the adjacent segments were measured from the pre-operative and final follow-up lateral views in the neutral position, in both flexion and extension. Results: Degenerative changes in the adjacent segments were observed in 19 of the 34 patients. The group with degenerative changes showed significantly more lordotic angular loss of the fusion segments (11.9±3.1˚) at the follow-up observation than the group with no degenerative changes (9.0±1.1˚) (p=0.04). The group with degenerative change showed a significantly larger increase in disc height of the fusion segments (2.8±0.2 mm) at the follow-up observation than the group with no degenerative changes (2.2±0.3 mm) (p=0.02).The group with a Grade IV or higher level of pre-operative disc degeneration showed more degenerative changes in the adjacent segments than those with Grade III or lower. Conclusions: It is important to preserve the lordotic angle of fused segments and avoid excessive increases in disc height. The recurrence of the neurological is not associated with the preoperative adjacent segmental degenerative changes in ACDF.