결막이완증의 조직병리학적 특성에 대한 연구

배정범,박우찬,Jeong Bum Bae,Woo Chan Park 대한안과학회 2013 대한안과학회지 Vol.54 No.8

Purpose: In this study we investigated the histopathologic characteristics of conjunctivochalasis and its association with lymphangiectasis using impression cytology and conjunctival excisional biopsy in patients with conjunctivochalasis. Methods: This prospective study included 14 outpatients diagnosed with conjunctivochalasis, and who had excisional biopsies performed between March 1, 2012 and November 30, 2012. Preoperative slit-lamp examination, dry eye diagnostic test and impression cytology were also performed. For histological analysis, conjunctival sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Verhoeff-van Gieson (VVG) elastic staining, and monoclonal antibody D2-40, a lymphatic endothelial marker. Results: Tear break-up time and Schirmer’s value were decreased in patients with conjunctivochalasis. Impression cytology showed a decrease in goblet cell density and an increase in nucleoplasmic/cytoplasmic ratio. The patients’ conjunctival tissues exhibited an infiltration increase of chronic inflammatory cells on H&E stain, and a decrease in collagen density with degeneration of elastic fibers on VVG stain compared to tissues from the control subjects. D2-40 immunohistochemistry revealed the dilated subconjunctival lymphatics in patients with conjunctivochalasis. Conclusions: This study suggests that the characteristic histopathological features of conjunctivochalasis include dilated lymphatic vessels as well as decreased goblet cell and collagen densities with degeneration of elastic fibers.

Holmium Laser Enucleation of Prostate for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Seoul National University Hospital Experience

배정범,주민수,박지현,오진규,백재승,오승준 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2011 International Neurourology Journal Vol.15 No.1

Purpose: The objective of this study was to report the experience acquired at the Seoul National University Hospital with Holmium Laser Enucleation of Prostate (HoLEP), combined with mechanical morcellation for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods: A retrospective review was performed on the clinical data of 309 consecutive patients who underwent HoLEP at our institution between July 2008 and June 2010. All patients were evaluated preoperatively for prostate volume by transrectal ultrasound,maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS) and quality of life (QoL) score. Peri- and postoperative parameters were evaluated and patients were followed-up at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12- months with the aforementioned investigations. Results: The patients’ mean age was 68.3 (±6.5) years and mean prostate volume was 55.6 (±23.6) mL. Mean enucleation time was 56.2 (±25.1) minutes, mean morcellation time was 11.3 (±9.5) minutes, and the mean resected weight of the prostate was 20.8 (±16.9) g. The mean catheter indwelling period was 1.9 (±1.7) days and mean hospital stay was 2.9 (±1.5) days. Significant improvement was noted in Qmax, IPSS, and QoL at the 1-year follow-up compared with baseline (P<0.01). At 1 month 17.2% of patients complained of irritative urinary symptoms, which were typically self-limiting within 3 months. Transient stress incontinence was reported in 15.2% of patients. No patient experienced persistent obstructive symptoms that required reoperation. Conclusions: Our study showed that HoLEP is a safe and effective therapeutic modality for BPH.

「행정기본법」상 재심사 제도의 문제점과 입법적 개선 방향

배정범 인하대학교 법학연구소 2023 法學硏究 Vol.26 No.2

In the 「General Act on Public Administration」, a provision has been introduced to allow, under certain conditions, an application for re-examination of a disposition that has become uncontestable. The re-examination system is a system that allows you to apply to the administrative agency to cancel, withdraw, or change of a disposition if the disposition is no longer appropriate due to a change in the factual or legal circumstances on which a uncontestable disposition was based. The re-examination system can be said to be a system that resolves the conflict between justice and legal stability, which are the two axes of the rule of law principle, or a system that yields legal stability for justice. However, the current re-examination system has several problems. These include: the scope of the disposition subject to application is narrow; the applicant is limited to the direct counterparty of the disposition; there is a time limit of “within five years from the date of the disposition”; and the applicant cannot file a lawsuit against a decision to uphold the original disposition. In addition, there is an inconsistency in the legislative technique which, while excluding a disposition with final judgments from the scope of re-examination, requiresas passive conditions that the grounds for re-examination could not be asserted in the administrative litigation without gross negligence. On the other hand, according to the current regulations, if the factual or legal circumstances on which the disposition was based was later changed in favor of the parties, it is possible to apply for re-examination only if it was not asserted in the administrative litigation without gross negligence. However, unless the same legal principles as in Germany are established regarding the temporal reference point for judging illegality of a disposition with lasting effect, these passive requirements should be excluded from consideration for now. The re-examination regulations came into force on 24 March 2023. It is necessary to review the aforementioned problems and other problems identified in the actual operation. Through this review, legislative improvements should be made in such a way as to contribute to the improvement of people's rights.

The Learning Curve for Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate: A Single-Center Experience

배정범,오승준,백재승 대한비뇨의학회 2010 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.51 No.10

Purpose: Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) is known to have a steep learning curve and, as a result, its clinical usage has limitations. The purpose of this study was to analyze the learning curve and early complications following the HoLEP procedure. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 161 patients who had undergone the HoLEP procedure for lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) from July 2008 to September 2009. The procedure was done by two surgeons. Perioperatively, enucleated tissue weight, enucleation time, morcellation time, enucleation ratio (enucleation weight/transitional zone volume), and enucleation efficiency (enucleated weight/enucleation time) were analyzed, and early complications were assessed. Results: Mean enucleation time, morcellation time, and enucleation ratio were 61.3 min (range, 10-180 min), 12.3 min (range, 2-60 min), and 0.66 (range, 0.07-2.51), respectively. In terms of efficiency, enucleation efficiency was 0.32 g/min (range, 0.02- 1.25 g/min) and morcellation efficiency was 1.73 g/min (range, 0.1-7.7 g/min). Concerning the learning curve, enucleation efficiency was stationary after 30 cases (p<0.001), morcellation efficiency reached a learning curve at 20 cases (p=0.032), and enucleation ratio had no learning curve in this study. There were several cases of surgery-related complications, including bladder mucosal injury by the morcellator (13%), capsular injury during enucleation (7%), and conversion to a conventional resectoscopy procedure (15%), which showed a reduction in incidence with time. Conclusions: The learning curve of HoLEP is steep; however, it can be overcome gradually. Further study is necessary with respect to long-term postoperative follow-up.

법령의 변경과 행정처분 시의 적용법령

배정범 법조협회 2018 法曹 Vol.67 No.6

While the Supreme Court applies the law at the time of an act to a punitive administrative disposition, it applies the law at the time of a disposition to a punitive administrative disposition in the event that a violation of the law continues and a disposition or refusal for the application of a beneficial administrative act. The Supreme Court, however, does not disclose any explicit rationale behind this decision and, accordingly, it is necessary to consider what its rationale is. Administrative actions, such as the cancellation of licenses and the imposition of penalties, should be based on the law at the time of the act. This is because the main purpose of an administrative disposition is retribution against a violation of the law. In addition, considering the principle of legal stability derived from the principle of rule of law, it is necessary to evaluate whether the act constitutes a violation and how serious it is based on the law at the time of the act. A principle of non-retroactivity may be presented as additional rationale if the law at the time of the imposition of a punitive disposition is more disadvantageous. A new law may be applied if there is a change in the law while a violation is not completed but still in progress. However, if a newly revised law is more disadvantageous, the application of an amended law may be prohibited on grounds of the doctrine of legitimate expectation. The disposition or rejection of an application for a beneficial administrative act must be based on the law at the time of the disposition. This is because such a decision is primarily aimed at maintaining and forming legitimate administrative order at the time of a disposition and in the near future. Furthermore, the application of a beneficial administrative act alone does not yet constitute a legal benefit to be protected through non-retroactivity and, accordingly, it is appropriate to measure the situation based on the factual and legal conditions at the time of a disposition. However, if the law at the time of the disposition, or a changed law, is more disadvantageous, the application of the revised law may be prohibited due to the doctrine of legitimate expectation. Finally, it is impossible to apply a favorable new law through interpretation without explicit regulation regarding the imposition of a punitive disposition. This is because it cannot be evaluated as a lack of legislation unless the same provision as in Article 2(1) of the Criminal Act exists, given that favorable retroactivity is at the lawmaker’s discretion. 대법원은 제재적 행정처분에 대해서는 행위 당시의 법령을 적용하는 반면, 법위반행위가 계속 중인 경우의 제재적 행정처분과 수익적 행정행위의 신청에 대한 처분 또는 거부처분에 대해서는 처분 당시의 법령을 적용하고 있다. 다만 대법원은 이러한 입장에 대한 명시적 논거를 밝히고 있지 않아 그 논거가 무엇인지를 고찰할 필요가 있다. 허가 등의 취소, 과징금 부과와 같은 제재적 처분은 법위반행위에 대한 응보를 주된 목적으로 하고 있다는 점과 헌법상 법치국가원리의 한 축을 이루는 법적 안정성을 감안할 때 행위 당시에 존재하는 법령에 따라 그 위법 여부 및 위법의 정도에 대한 평가가 이루어지는 것이 타당하다. 처분시법이 더 불리한 내용을 담고 있다면 추가적으로 소급효금지의 원칙이 논거로 제시될 수 있을 것이다. 또한 진정소급입법은 원칙적으로 금지되므로 부칙의 경과규정을 통해 불리한 내용의 신법(처분시법)을 적용하도록 하는 것은 일반적으로 허용될 수 없다. 반면 제재사유가 완료되지 않고 계속 진행 중인 경우에는 처분 당시의 법령이자 행위가 계속 진행 중이라는 점에서는 행위시법일 수도 있는 법령이 적용되나 예외적으로 신뢰보호를 이유로 개정된 새로운 법령의 적용이 제한될 수 있다. 한편 허가 등의 신청에 대한 처분 또는 거부처분은 처분 당시 및 가까운 장래의 적법한 행정질서의 유지와 형성을 주된 목적으로 하고 있다는 점과 수익적 행정행위의 신청만으로는 헌법 제13조 제2항에서 보호하고자 하는 재산권에 준하는 법률상 이익이 형성되었다고 보기는 어렵다는 점을 감안할 때 처분 당시에 존재하는 사실관계와 법령이 판단의 기준이 되어야 한다. 특히 거부처분의 경우에는 아직 ‘권익이 형성된 상태’가 아니어서 진정소급효의 문제는 발생하지 아니하며, 다만 부진정소급효의 원칙적 허용과 신뢰보호를 이유로 한 예외적 제한이 문제된다. 또한 부칙의 경과규정을 통해 불리한 내용의 처분시법을 적용하는 것 역시 항상 허용되는 것은 아니며 신뢰보호를 이유로 제한될 수 있다. 참고로 이행강제금 부과처분은 마치 금전적 제재수단처럼 보이지만, 그 주된 목적은 법위반행위에 대한 응보가 아니라 간접적이고 심리적인 강제를 통해 위법한 상태를 시정하여 적법한 행정질서를 형성하고자 하는 것이다. 따라서 시정명령과 이행강제금 처분 역시 처분시법을 따르는 것이 타당하다. 마지막으로 제재처분을 함에 있어 경과규정과 같은 명시적 규정 없이 해석을 통해 유리한 내용의 신법을 적용하는 것은 불가능하다고 보아야 한다. 시혜적 소급입법이 입법자의 재량에 속한다는 점을 감안할 때 형법 제1조 제2항과 같은 명문의 규정이 없는 한 이를 입법불비로 평가할 수 없기 때문이다.

명의신탁 증여의제 규정의 문제점 및 입법론적 대안

배정범 국회입법조사처 2018 입법과 정책 Vol.10 No.2

Some still argue that provisions for legally fictitious gift of nominal ownership are unconstitutional, even though such provisions have been found constitutional by the Constitutional Court. In addition, although the substance of such provisions is an administrative sanction, they take the form of a gift tax, a discrepancy between substance and form has been pointed out. Considering these problems, the Supreme Court has recently made rulings that interpret and apply these provisions in a restrictive manner. Pursuant to legally fictitious gift provisions, trustees, who do not obtain any gain from nominal ownership, are primarily liable to pay gift taxes, and the amount of gift taxes imposed is much higher than the amount of evaded taxes. While it is necessary to curb nominal ownership for tax evasion purposes, alternative legislation is indispensable. There are two alternatives worth considering: the first is to impose gift taxes by regarding nominal ownership as a gift but adjusting the amount of gift taxes imposed in proportion to the amount of evaded taxes, the second, a more fundamental solution, is to abolish legally fictitious gift of nominal ownership, impose the original taxes on evaded taxes and additional unreported taxes, and slap on further administrative sanctions. 헌법재판소의 합헌 결정에도 불구하고 명의신탁 증여의제 규정에 대해서는 여전히 위헌이라는 주장이 제기되고 있다. 이러한 점을 감안하여 최근 대법원은 명의신탁 증여의제 규정을 제한적으로 해석・적용하는 판결들을 내놓고 있다. 조세회피목적의 명의신탁을 제재할 필요성은 있다. 그러나 현행 규정에 따르게 되면 명의신탁으로 아무런 이익을 얻지 못하는 명의수탁자가 1차적으로 증여세 납부 의무를 지게 되는 문제점과 세액의 크기 또한 명의신탁자의 회피 목적 조세액보다 훨씬 크다는 문제점이 발생하고 있다. 대안적 입법 방안으로 고려할 수 있는 것은 크게 두 가지이다. 첫째는 명의신탁을 증여로 의제하여 증여세를 부과하는 현행 규정을 큰 틀에서 유지하되 증여세액을 회피목적 조세액의 크기에 상응하도록 조정하는 방안이다. 둘째는 보다 더 근본적 방안으로서 명의신탁 증여의제 제도를 폐지하고, 회피목적 조세에 대해 본세와 미신고가산세 등을 부과하며 이와 별도로 과징금이나 과태료와 같은 행정상 제재를 가하는 것이다.

소아 갑상선 안병증의 임상적 특징

배정범,정혜미,유재호,권윤형,안희배.Jeong Bum Bae. MD. Hye Mi Cheong. MD. Jae Ho Yoo. MD. PhD. Yoon Hyung Kwon. MD. Hee Bae Ahn. MD. PhD 대한안과학회 2013 대한안과학회지 Vol.54 No.8

Purpose: To investigate the clinical characteristics and treatment methods for pediatric thyroid-associated orbitopathy in pediatric patients with thyroid disorders. Methods: To determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of pediatric thyroid-associated orbitopathy, we retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 34 patients admitted to the Pediatrics Department of our institution between September 2010 and September 2012. The patients had been diagnosed with autoimmune thyroid disorder and were admitted for treatment of thyroid-associated orbitopathy. Results: In the 24.1 months of follow-up observation, 14 patients were diagnosed with Graves’ disease (41.2%) and 20 patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (58.8%). Of the 34 patients, 15 (44.1%) developed eye symptoms. Among the eye symptoms, lid swelling was the most prevalent in 41.2% of patients, followed by eyelid retraction in 23.5%, lid lag in 17.6%, conjunctival injection in 14.7%, proptosis in 8.8%, and extraocular muscle hypertrophy in 17.6%. Severe impairment of visual acuity, visual field, and ocular motility were not observed in our study. Although eyelid surgery was performed in 3 cases, most patients were treated conservatively. Conclusions: Pediatric thyroid-associated orbitopathy was frequently observed in patients with Graves’ disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Compared to adults, children showed milder disease manifestation and progression, and the disease could be managed with conservative treatment.

독일 이단계이론의 현대적 적용 가능성

배정범(BAE, Jeong Bom) 동아대학교 법학연구소 2021 東亞法學 Vol.- No.91

1950년대에 형성된 독일의 이단계이론은 보조금 지급여부를 결정하는 단계와 보조금을 지급하는 방법으로서 사법적 계약을 체결하는 단계를 구별하고 전자를 행정행위로 구성하여 행정법원에 의해 통제할 목적으로 고안된 이론이다. 이러한 전통적 이단계이론에 대해서는 그동안 여러 가지 비판들이 제기된 바 있다. 두 가지 단계의 구별이 어렵다는 비판, 두 가지 단계 사이의 법적 관계가 불분명하다는 비판, 행정사법이론과 공법상 계약 이론이 일반화된 이후로 행정의 사법적 형식의 활동에 대한 공법적 통제라는 목적 달성을 위해 이단계이론은 더 이상 효용성이 없다는 비판 등이 바로 그것이다. 그러나 이단계이론이 사법적 계약의 형식으로 구성되는 법률관계의 앞부분에 행정주체의 일방적이고 고권적인 행위가 있다는 것을 포착하여 이를 행정쟁송의 대상으로 삼은 것은 여전히 높게 평가할만하다. 특히 우리의 경우에는 아직 공법상 계약에 관한 명문의 규정도 없으며, 행정주체가 체결하는 사법적 계약에 대해 독일처럼 기본권 구속과 같은 공법적 통제를 가하는 것이 판례에 의해 일반적으로 승인되었다고 보기 어렵다는 점을 고려한다면, 이단계이론이 갖는 유용성은 높다고 생각된다. 또한 경원자 관계에 있는 제3자의 입장에서는 2단계 계약의 무효를 주장하는 것보다 전통적인 제3자효 행정행위 이론에 기초하여 1단계 행정행위에 대한 취소소송 제기 및 집행정지 신청이라는 보다 더 확실하고 손쉬운 권리구제수단을 행사할 수 있다는 장점도 있다. 독일에서는 보조금, 공공시설 이용, 공공업무 위탁발주 등의 영역에서 이단계이론에 따른 법률관계 구성의 가능성 여부가 논의되어 왔다. 우리의 경우에도 마찬가지로 이러한 분야에서 계약체결 전 단계의 행정주체의 고권적 결정을 행정행위로 보아 공법적 통제를 가하는 것을 고려해볼 수 있을 것이다. 위와 같은 영역 외에도 국가 또는 지방자치단체에서 공무원 신분이 아닌 공무직 근로자를 채용하는 경우 그 채용 결정과 이후에 이루어지는 계약체결의 단계, 국공유재산의 매각결정과 그 이후에 이루어지는 매매계약체결의 단계, 한국토지주택공사의 공공임대주택 사업과 관련한 입주자 선정행위 및 그에 따른 임대차계약 체결 등도 이단계이론에 따른 법률관계 구성이 가능할 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 개별적 법률관계들에 대한 보다 더 심도 있는 후속 연구를 통해 행정의 사법적 형식의 활동에 대한 공법적 통제를 확대하고 강화해 나갈 필요가 있을 것이다. German two-stage theory(Zweistufentheorie), formed in the 1950s, was designed to distinguish between a process for determining whether or not to grant a subsidy and a private-law contract for providing a subsidy, and to place the former as an administrative act under the control of the administrative court. Various criticisms have been directed at the traditional Zweistufentheorie. These include criticisms that it is difficult to distinguish among the stages, that the legal relationship between the two is unclear, and that the Zweistufentheorie has lost its usefulness to exercise the control by public law over the administration’s actions in private-law form after the theoretical acceptance of theory of Verwaltungsprivatrecht(Administrative private law) and public-law contracts. However, the Zweistufentheorie might be still highly acclaimed given its recognition that the administrative body exercises unilateral and authoritative action at the beginning of a juristic relationship, which takes the form of a private-law contract, and has made it an object of administrative dispute. In Korea in particular, the Zweistufentheorie is of great use considering the lack of stipulations about the public-law contracts and considering that imposing legal controls, such as binding by basic rights, as in Germany, is not generally approved by precedent. In addition, from the perspective of the third person in a contending relationship, they are able to exercise a clearer and easier remedy for violation of a private right, by filing for the cancellation and suspension of a one-stage administrative act based on the traditional theory of the administrative act with double effects, rather than insisting on the nullification of the two-stage contract. In Germany, the possibility of forming a legal relationship under the Zweistufentheorie has been discussed in areas such as subsidies, use of public facilities, and entrustment orders for public works. Similarly, in Korea, we may consider imposing legal controls in these areas, viewing the authoritative decisions of administrative entities before the contracting stage as administrative acts. In addition to the aforementioned, the legal relationships according to the Zweistufentheorie could be formed at the hiring stage and the subsequent stage of concluding a contract in case of the hiring non-public officials by state or local governments, in the decision to sell state-owned property and the subsequent stage of concluding a sales contract, and in the process of selecting tenants for the Korea Land and Housing Corporation"s public rental housing project and the subsequent stage of signing a lease, etc. It will be necessary to expand and strengthen the legal control of the administration’s actions in private-law form through more in-depth follow-up research studies of individual juristic relations.

「경찰관직무집행법」상 보호조치의 헌법상 정당화 근거와 입법적 개선 방향

裵柾範 ( Bae Jeong Bom ) 법조협회 2022 法曹 Vol.71 No.2

「경찰관직무집행법」상 보호조치는 정신착란자, 주취자, 자살시도자 등을 경찰관서 등에 일시적으로 보호하는 제도로서 대상자의 신체의 자유를 제한하는 조치이다. 따라서 헌법상 정당화 근거에 대한 검토는 중요한 문제이다. 그런데 자기위해의 경우와 타인의 법익 침해 위험이 있는 경우에 대한 보호조치의 헌법상 정당화 근거는 각각 상이하다. 하지만 현행 규정은 이를 병렬적으로 규정하고 있어 체계적 정합성이 부족한 상태이다. 타인의 법익에 대한 침해 위험이 있는 경우에 취하는 보호조치의 헌법상 정당화 근거는 헌법 제10조에 근거한 국가의 기본권보호의무이다. 이에 반해 자기위해에 대한 보호조치의 정당화 근거는 자기결정권과 후견주의에 대한 고찰로부터 이끌어낼 수 있다. 자기위해에 대한 국가의 후견주의적 개입은 행위 주체가 자유로운 의사능력을 결여하여 자기결정권을 제대로 행사하지 못하고 있는 경우에 가능하다. 따라서 자기위해 행위에 대한 보호조치는 행위자의 자유로운 의사능력 상실 상태를 핵심 요건으로 삼아야 한다. 이는 자살시도자에 대한 보호조치의 정당화 근거에도 적용될 수 있다. 경찰관이 우연히 마주치게 되는 자살시도는 대체로 호소형 자살시도로서 그 진지하고 종국적인 의사를 확인할 방법이 없으므로 자살시도자에 대한 보호조치는 정당화될 수 있을 것이다. 현행 규정을 해석함에 있어서도 자기위해에 대한 보호조치는 대상자가 자율적 의사능력을 상실한 상태인지가 핵심적 판단 기준이 되어야 한다. 반면, 타인의 법익 침해를 저지하거나 예방하기 위한 보호조치는 보호조치를 요하는 자의 정상적인 판단능력 상실 여부는 고려의 대상이 아니어야 한다. 정신착란자나 주취자가 아니더라도 타인의 법익을 침해할 위험이 있다면 경찰은 이에 개입하여야 하기 때문이다. 하지만 현행 「경찰관직무집행법」은 자기위해와 타인의 법익 침해 위험이 있는 경우를 구별하지 않고 공통으로 보호조치 대상자가 정신착란자 또는 주취자일 것을 요구하고 있어 입법적 개선이 필요하다. 입법적 개선의 방향은 독일의 입법례를 참고하여 자기위해와 타인의 법익 침해 위험이 있는 경우를 나누어 규정하는 것이 적절하다. 전자는 다시 ‘자유로운 의사결정 능력을 상실한 상태’, 보호조치에 대한 가정적·추정적 동의의사를 인정할 수 있을 정도의 ‘도움을 요하는 상태’, 또는 자살을 시도하는 자로 세분할 수 있을 것이다. 후자는 범죄 행위나 질서위반행위를 통해 타인의 생명·신체·재산 등의 법익을 침해할 위험을 야기하는 경우를 보호조치의 대상으로 규정하면 적절할 것으로 생각된다. Protective measures are an means that restrict the physical freedom of the subject as a system that temporarily protects those with delirium, intoxicants, and suicide attempters at the police station. Accordingly, a review of constitutional justification is an important issue. The constitutional justification of protective measures in case of self-endangerment and in case where there is a risk of violation of a legally protected interest of others is different. However, there is a lack of systematic coherence as the current regulations stipulate them in parallel. The constitutional justification of protective measures taken when there is a risk of infringing on the legal interests of others is the state’s duty to protect basic rights based on Article 10 of the Constitution of the Republic of Korea. On the other hand, the justification of protective measures for self-endangerment can be derived from consideration of right of self-determination and paternalism. The state's paternalistic intervention in self-endangerment is possible when the subject is not able to properly exercise the right of self-determination due to lack of free will. Thus, the protective measures against self-endangerment behavior should be based on the subject’s loss of free will. This can be applied to the justification of protective measures for suicide attempters also. Suicide attempts that police officers encounter by chance are usually appeal-type of suicide attempts. There is no way to confirm the serious and final intention, and thus, protective measures against suicide attempters can be justified. In interpreting the current regulations, protective measures for self-endangerment should be a key criterion for determining whether the subject has lost the ability to act autonomously. On the other hand, whether a person requiring protective measure loses normal judgment ability should not be considered for the protective measures for preventing infringement of the legal interests of others. This is because the police should intervene if there is a risk of infringing on the legal interests of others, even if one is not a mentally deranged or intoxicated person. However, legislative improvement is needed since the current regulation does not distinguish between self-endangerment and the risk of violation of a legally protected interest of others. For the direction of legislative improvement, it is appropriate to distinguish cases where there is a risk of self-endangerment and violation of a legally protected interest by referring to German legislation. The former can be further subdivided into “a state of loss of free decision-making ability,” a “state in need of help” to the extent that a hypothetical and presumptive intention to consent to protective measures can be recognized, or a person attempting suicide. For the latter, defining the case where there is a risk of infringing on the legal interests of others, such as life, body, and property, through criminal acts or violations of order as the subject of protective measures is appropriate.

「행정기본법」상 재심사 제도의 문제점과 입법적 개선 방향

배정범(BAE, JEONG BOM) 인하대학교 법학연구소 2023 法學硏究 Vol.26 No.2