淸朝 道光 연간의 銀錢竝用論에 대해

朴贊根 ( Park¸ Chan-geun ) 명청사학회 2021 명청사연구 Vol.- No.56

“Discussion about Using Silver Taels and Coins Together”(銀錢竝用論) in Daoguang period is argued that silver taels and coins should be used for finance together. In the past, coins had been refluxed between officials and peoples only under the county administration unit. but “Discussion about Using Silver Taels and Coins Together” is argued that coins collected from taxes at county should be transferred to be used for provincial finance. In response, the emperor, high-ranking central officials, top officials in each province, and speaking official also participated in the discussion. It was also an important issue to adapt to the changes of the times and bring about a change in the silver-centered financial system of provincial-government, a long-standing method of Qing Dynasty, by formalizing the financial utilization of standard-coin, which has been tolerated only in the county since the Jiaqing period. Unlike the previous period when the foundation of the dynasty stabilized and did not show much change in currency and finances or the later period when they had to change anything in the crisis of course, it was important in Daoguang period in that it was widely discussed at a time when it had to respond to rapid changes in reality, implicitly acknowledging the purpose of maintaining the foundation of the dynasty by continuing the fundamental laws of the dynasty. The characteristics of Qing Dynasty's policy-making seen in the discussion process are that Push-and-Pulls have been carried out: the protection of the enduring fundamental laws of the dynasty and the efficient implementation of “suiting one's policies to the time and place.”(因地制宜) Regardless of the central officials, local officials, and emperor, it was performed, and the fixed role or mindset expected of each was not predetermined. Compared to the possibility that “suiting one's policies to the time and place” can be widely conducted in counties, the narrow range of independent act of provinces could be said to be a means of protecting the fundamental laws of the dynasty.

형광등용 인버터 시스템의 고조파 저감에 관한 연구

박찬근(Chan-Kun Park),김종윤(Jong-Yun Kim),전내석(Nae-Suck Jeon),박정환(Jeung-Hwan Park),이성근(Sung-Geun Lee) 대한전기학회 2000 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2000 No.7

흡연과 거북목이 폐 기능에 미치는 영향

박찬근(Chan-Geun Park),구용회(Yong-Hoe Ku),김봉주(Bong-Ju Kim),이동엽(Dong-Yeop Lee),홍지헌(Ji-Heon Hong),유재호(Jae-Ho Yu),김진섭(Jin-Seop Kim) 대한심장호흡물리치료학회 2018 대한심장호흡물리치료학회지 Vol.6 No.1

This study is to analyze and to compare the pulmonary function of non-smokers, forward head posture, smokers, forward head posture and smokers by spirometer. Method : Forty healthy male and female adults were recruited, and agreed to participate as subjects in the study after a prior investigation. In order to examine the pulmonary function, measured the Forced Vital Capacity, the Forced Expiratory Volume in one second, the Forced Expiratory Volume in one second / Forced Vital Capacity percent, the Peak Expiratory Flow, the maximal voluntary ventilation, all measurements were used in owo-way ANOVA to analyze difference variables. Results : The result of study, the Forced Expiratory Volume in one second, the Forced Expiratory Volume in one second / Forced Vital Capacity percent, the maximal voluntary ventilation showed Statistically significant differences value. Also, as a result of the post test, between the nonsmokers group and the group of smokers in the Forward head posture showed significant differences value into the Forced Expiratory Volume in one second, the Forced Expiratory Volume in one second / Forced Vital Capacity percent. Thus, smoking and Forward head posture had effected pulmonary function, Conclusion : It is suggested that the cause of obstructive pulmonary disease can be caused by Foward head posture and smoking and it will be an important basic data to prevent lung disease.

영상 노이즈 제거를 위한 중간 값 기반 양방향 필터

박찬근(Chan-Geun Park),최병인(Byungin Choi) 대한전자공학회 2015 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.11

Generally, EO/IR image occurs random or impulse noises because of lack of the intensity of radiation, system property, heat noise, and electromagnetic interference. Gaussian filter or Median filter are used for noise reduction. But, using these filters can lost contour line information. Median based bilateral filter can reduce noises with saving a contour information. Median based bilateral filter use the Gaussian coefficient for difference of center pixel and boundary pixel to eliminate noises.

효율적인 노이즈 제거를 위한 중간 값 기반 양방향 필터

박찬근(Chan-Geun Park),최병인(Byung-In Choi) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2016 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.21 No.12

In this paper, we propose the bilateral filter based on median value that can reduce random noise and impulse noise with minimal loss of contour information. In general, EO / IR camera to generate a random or impulse noise due to a number of reasons. This noise reduces the performance of detecting and tracking by signal processing. To reduce noise, our proposed bilateral filter sorts the values of the target pixel and the peripheral pixels, and extracts a median filter coefficients of the Gaussian type. Then to extract the Gaussian filter coefficient involved with the distance between the center pixel and the surrounding pixels. As using those filter coefficients, our proposed method can remove the various noise effectively while minimizing the loss of the contour information. To validate our proposed method, we present experimental results for several IR images.

줌렌즈 광속확대기를 적용한 레이저 레이더용 송수광 내접형 광학계 설계

고해석,옥창민,홍진석,이창재,박찬근,김현규,Koh, Hae Seog,Ok, Chang Min,Hong, Jin Sug,Lee, Chang Jae,Park, Chan Geun,Kim, Hyun Kyu 한국광학회 2013 한국광학회지 Vol.24 No.1

In this paper, an optical system was designed for 3D imaging laser radar with optical scanner. In order to make it easy to scan, the system was designed to inscribe the transmitting objective lens in the receiving lens. In transmitting optics, the beam expander was designed to have a zoom mechanism so that the transmitted beam size would be 4.8 m or 6.8 m at 1 km distance, when the laser source's numerical aperture value is between 0.13 and 0.22. The beam diameter at the target 1 km away was confirmed by design program. The receiving optics for the returning beam from the target was designed for the $16{\times}16$ array detector with $100{\mu}m$ pixel width. The spot diameter in every pixel was designed and verified to be less than $55{\mu}m$. The receiving optics' obscuration ratio by transmitting optics was 11%. 송광광학계의 광원으로 사용되는 광섬유 레이저의 개구수, NA가 0.13~0.22의 범위에 있으면, 이 NA에 관계없이 1 km 전방에서 빔직경이 4.8 m 또는 6.8 m이 되도록 줌렌즈형 광속확대기를 적용한 송광광학계를 설계하였으며, 표적에서의 foot prints를 통하여 빔직경을 확인하였다. $16{\times}16$($100{\mu}m{\times}100{\mu}m$) 픽셀 검출기를 사용하는 수광광학계를 설계하였으며, 검출면의 픽셀 위치에 따른 spot diameter는 모두 $55{\mu}m$ 이하가 됨을 확인하였다. 스캔을 고려하여 송광광학계를 수광부 대물렌즈에 내접하도록 구성하였으며, 이때 송광부에 의하여 가려진 부분은 11%가 되었다.

고등학교 화학 교과서의 ‘용액’ 단원에 대한 입자 수준의 컴퓨터 보조 수업자료 개발 및 적용 효과 분석

백성혜,김종현,김정원,박찬근,Baek, Seong-Hye,Kim, Jong-Hyeon,Kim, Jeong-Won,Park, Chan-Geun 대한화학회 2006 대한화학회지 Vol.50 No.2

본 연구에서는 전기화학적인 방법을 사용하여 Pt와 Ni 기판 상에 니켈 나이트레이트 용액을 사용하여 박막 형태의 알파 상 니켈 수산화물을 형성한 후 층간 존재하는 음이온의 종류와 농도에 따라 층상구조물의 층간 거리에 대해여 조사하였다. 층간 존재하는 나이트레이트 음이온과 양전하를 가진 층 사이의 정전 인력에 의하여 층간 거리(d003)는 층간 음이온의 농도에 역비례 하는 것으로 관찰되었으며, 특히 FT-IR 분석을 통하여 층간 거리가 감소한 경우 hydrogen-bonded OH만이 존재함을 확인하였다. GC-MS 분석 결과, 본 연구에 니켈 나이트레이트 용액을 사용하였음에도 불구하고 층간에 많은 량이 카보네이트 이온이 존재하는 것으로 조사되었다. Alpha Nickel hydroxide samples have been synthesized by electrodeposition on platinum and nickel substrates at current densities of 1, 5, 6, 7 and 10 mAcm?2 at a controlled temperature of 30.00 oC from Ni(NO3)2 bath. Platinum substrate shows a tendency to incorporate less nitrate ions with increase in current density thus producing less hydroxy-deficient nickel hydroxide layers. On the whole the interlayer distance (d003) is found to be inversely proportional to the amount of nitrate ions incorporated in-between the lattice. For the first time we have observed a decrease in lattice spacing with increase in concentration of intercalant (anions) and the reason for lattice contraction is attributed to the columbic attractive forces exerted by the oppositely charged nitrate ion and positively charged slabs. The Infrared spectra of the samples with expanded interlayers show two types of OH vibrations corresponding to hydrogen bonded and non-hydrogen bonded OH groups whereas the contracted interlayers show only hydrogen-boded OH groups. Although the faradaic efficiency is found to increase with increase in applied current there is a local minimum at 6.0 mAcm?2 current density on both platinum and nickel substrates. In this manuscript, GC-MS data is provided which clearly demonstrates the electrodeposited nickel hydroxide sample to consist of huge amount of carbonate ions although the electrolyte solution in nickel nitrate.

생물막여과와 활성탄소섬유필터를 이용한 간이상수도용 고도정수처리시스템의 현장 적용연구

이무재 ( Moo Jae Lee ),박덕수 ( Duck Su Park ),임정수 ( Jeoung Su Lim ),김기진 ( Ki Jin Kim ),박찬근 ( Chan Geun Park ),전항배 ( Hang Bae Jun ) 한국물환경학회 2004 한국물환경학회·대한상하수도학회 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2004 No.-

포스터발표 : 상수처리 ; 생물막여과와 활성탄소섬유필터를 이용한 간이상수도용 고도정수처리시스템의 현장 적용연구

이무재 ( Moo Jae Lee ),박덕수 ( Duck Su Park ),임정수 ( Jeoung Su Lim ),김기진 ( Ki Jin Kim ),박찬근 ( Chan Geun Park ),전항배 ( Hang Bae Jun ) 대한상하수도학회 2004 공동춘계 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2004 No.-

국내에서 분리된 다제 내성 결핵균의 katG 와 inhA 변이 다양성 및 그 빈도

림해화 ( Hai Hua Lin ),김희연 ( Hee Youn Kim ),윤여준 ( Yeo Jun Yun ),박찬근 ( Chan Geun Park ),김범준 ( Bum Joon Kim ),박영길 ( Young Gil Park ),국윤호 ( Yoon Hoh Kook ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2007 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.63 No.2

연구배경: INH 내성은 katG 와 inhA(ORF와 promoter)의 변이에 의한 것으로 알려져 있다. 유전자 변이는 지역적으로 종류와 빈도가 다르게 나타날 수 있는데 기존 국내의 연구보고들은 흔하다고 알려진 katG의 463 코돈만을 추적한 것들이었다. 따라서 본 연구는 국내에서 분리된 INH 내성균들의 두 유전자에서 나타날 수 있는 변이의 종류와 빈도를 확인하고자 하였다. 연구방법: 대한결핵협회 결핵연구원에서 MDR-TB로 판명된 INH 내성 결핵균 29주로부터 bead beater-phenol법으로 DNA를 추출하여 katG(2,223 bp), inhA ORF(-77∼897, 975 bp) 및 inhA promoter(-168∼80, 248 bp) 염기서열 결정 및 분석은 ABI PRISM 3730 XL Analyzer 및 MegAlign package를 사용하였다. 결과: 모든 균주들은 분석 표적으로 사용한 세 유전자 부위 중에서 적어도 한 개 이상의 유전자 부위에 변이가 있었다. INH 내성균은 거의 대부분(>93%) katG의 변이를 갖고 inhA 유전자 변이만 있는 경우는 드물어 INH 내성을 결정하는 중요한 요인은 katG의 변이 인 것을 확인할 수 있었다. katG 부위에서 Arg463Leu 변이와 Ser315Thr 변이가 높은 빈도(62.1% 및 55.2%)로 발견되었고, katG 완전결실과 inhA promoter-15(C→T) 변이도 일정한 빈도로 나타남을 볼 수 있었다. 그 외 inhA ORF 변이도 1주에서 1종류의 변이가 발견되었다. 결론: 기존 연구결과에서는 보고되지 않고 본 연구에서 처음으로 확인된 변이들도 14 종류나 있어서, INH 내성은 주로 katG 혹은 일부 inhA 특정 부위의 변이가 주도하지만 이들 외에도 다양한 변이가 존재한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이들 새로이 확인된 변이들은 염기서열 분석에 의한 INH 내성 여부 판단 시, 기존 알려진 변이 외에 보조 자료로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 생각한다. Backgrounds: Mutations of katG and inhA (ORF and promoter) are known to be related to isoniazid (INH) resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Because reports on these mutations in Korean isolates are limited (i.e. only the frequency of katG codon 463 was evaluated.), we tried to know the kinds of mutations of two genes and their frequencies in INH resistant Korean M. tuberculosis strains. Methods: PCR was performed to amplify katG (2,223 bp), inhA ORF (-77~897, 975 bp), and inhA promoter (-168~80, 248 bp) from 29 multidrug resistant M. tuberculosis (MDR-TB) DNAs prepared by bead beater-phenol method. Their sequences were determined and analyzed by ABI PRISM 3730 XL Analyzer and MegAlign package program, respectively. Results: All of the isolates had more than one mutation in katG or inhA gene. Twenty seven (93%) of 29 tested strains had katG mutations, which suggests that katG is a critical gene determining INH resistance of M. tuberculosis. Amino acid substitutions, such as Arg463Leu and Ser315Thr, due to point mutations of the katG were the most frequent (62.1% and 55.2%) mutations. In addition, deletion of the katG gene was frequently observed (17.2%). Analyzed Korean MDR-TB isolates also had variable inhA mutations. Point mutation of inhA promoter region, such as -15 (C→T) was frequently found. Substitution of amino acid (Lsy8Asn) due to point mutation (AAA→AAC) of inhA ORF was found in 1 isolate. Interestingly, 14 point mutated types that were not previously reported were newly found. While four types resulted in amino acid change, the others were silent mutations. Conclusions: Although it is not clear that the relationship of these newly found mutations with INH resistance, they show marked diversity in Korean MDR-TB strains. It also suggests their feasibility as a molecular target to supplement determining the INH resistance of clinical isolates because of the possible existence of low-level INH resistant strains. (Tuberc Respir Dis 2007; 63: 128-138)