인공지능 스피커 만족도와 지속적 이용의도에 영향을 미치는 요인

박수아(Soo-ah Park),최세정(Sejung Marina Choi) 한국정보사회학회 2018 정보사회와 미디어 Vol.19 No.3

음악 감상 등 일방향적 청취에 이용되던 스피커가 인공지능과 음성인식 기술과 만나 쌍방향 대화가 가능한 스마트 스피커(혹은 인공지능 스피커)로 진화했다. 인공지능 스피커는 인공지능을 활용하여 음악, 일정, 날씨, 상품 등 다양한 정보와 콘텐츠들을 검색, 이용할 수 있는 대화형 음성 기반 서비스를 제공하는 기기다. 인공지능 스피커의 급격한 성장이 예상되지만 현재 이용자들의 만족도는 그리 높지 않고 여러 불만 사항으로 인해 실제 이용률이 감소할 수 있기 때문에 이 연구는 인공지능 스피커 이용자들의 지속적 이용의도에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 온라인 설문조사를 통해 파악하였다. 연구결과, 인공지능 스피커 이용 경험에 기인한 기능적 측면의 요소인 인지된 용이성, 인지된 유용성뿐 아니라 대화를 통해 형성된 정서적 요소인 의인화, 친밀성, 신뢰도가 인공지능 스피커에 대한 만족도와 지속이용의도에 유의미한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구결과를 바탕으로 학술적, 실무적 시사점과 향후 인공지능 스피커 연구와 개발 방향에 대한 논의를 제시했다. Speakers that were traditionally used for unidirectional listening, such as listening to music, have adopted artificial intelligence and voice recognition technologies and have evolved into smart speakers (i.e., artificial intelligence speakers) which enable interactive communications. AI speakers allow users to enjoy AI-based diverse services, ranging from information search to music, schedule, weather, and shopping. Although AI speakers are expected to show a rapid growth, the current satisfaction level of users is not so high. Moreover, a number of unsatisfactory factors of AI speakers may decrease the actual usage rate. Therefore, this study examined the factors that influence continued usage intention of AI speakers via an online survey. Results indicated that the perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness as well as the emotional factors such as anthropomorphism, intimacy and credibility perceptions of AI speakers had a significant influence on user satisfaction and continued usage intention. Based on the findings, theoretical and practical implications as well as future research directions on AI speakers are discussed.

Tyrosinase 및 TRP-2의 발현 억제를 통한 황칠나무 잎 추출물의 Melanin 생성 저해 효과

박수아 ( Su Ah Park ),이혜미 ( Hye Mi Lee ),하지훈 ( Ji Hoon Ha ),전소하 ( So Ha Jeon ),박수남 ( Soo Nam Park ) 한국공업화학회 2014 공업화학 Vol.25 No.5

Dendropanax morbifera (D. morbifera) grows in the southern coastal areas and on Jeju Island in Korea. In this study, D. morbifera leaf extract was investigated to determine the mechanism of its whitening effect. The inhibitory activities of theextract on melanogenesis were tested in B16 melanoma cells treated with the α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH). D. morbifera leaf extracts remarkably decreased the melanin content at 25 and 50 μg/mL. The extracts significantly inhibitedthe intracellular tyrosinase activity and protein expression of tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein-2 (TRP-2). In conclusion,D. morbifera leaf extracts would show a whitening effect by inhibiting intracellular tyrosinase activities and the expressionof enzymes directly involved in the melanin biosynthesis. The results indicate that fractions of D. morbifera leafextracts show potential for application as a whitening agent in the new whitening cosmetics.

닥나무 추출물의 항산화 활성 및 성분 분석

박수아 ( Su Ah Park ),하지훈 ( Ji Hoon Ha ),박수남 ( Soo Nam Park ) 한국공업화학회 2013 공업화학 Vol.24 No.2

In this study, the antioxidative activities and component analysis of Broussonetia kazinoki SIEB (B. kazinoki). extracts were investigated. B. kazinoki extract showed the effective free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity (FSC50=8.53μg/mL). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity (OSC50) of the ethyl acetate fraction of B. kazinoki. extracts in the luminol-dependent Fe 3+-EDTA/H2O2 system was 1.69μg/mL. The ethyl acetate fraction of B. kazinoki. extracts also exhibited more prominent cellular protective effects (τ50, 183.3min at 10μg/mL) than that of typical antioxidant α-tocopherol (τ50=38.00min) in the 1O2-induced photohemolysis of human erythrocytes. Components of the ethyl acetate fraction obtained from B. kazinoki extracts were analyzed by TLC, HPLC chromatogram, LC/ESI-MS/MS and 1H-NMR. Consequently, Components, components were identified as the kazinol J of kazinol series and luteolin (2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-chromenone) of flavonoid series having antioxidant activities. These results indicate that extract/fraction of B. kazinoki can be used as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skins exposed to UV radiation by quenching and/or scavenging 1O2 and other ROS, and protecting cellular membranes against ROS. Thus, the extract/fraction of B. kazinoki could be applicable to new cosmeceuticals.

형방도적산가미방(荊防導赤散加味方) 투여로 치료한 소양인 결흉증(少陽人 結胸證)으로 변증된 간기능 수치 이상 소견을 보인 환자 증례 보고 3례

손경우,박수아,이흔주,백지영,남우진,Son, Kyung-woo,Park, Soo-ah,Lee, Heun-ju,Baek, Ji-yeong,Nam, Woo-jin 대한한방내과학회 2016 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.37 No.2

Objectives: This case study reports on improvements after treating patients who had abnormal liver function values in Soyangin gyolhyungjeung with Soyangin hyeongbangdojeok-san-gami.Methods: The study was carried out with three patients who showed abnormal liver function values in Soyangin gyolhyungjeung. Liver function tests (LFT) and numerical rating scales (NRS) were used to evaluate symptoms.Results: After we treated three patients with Soyangin hyeongbangdojeok-san-gami, their symptoms and LFT results had improved considerably.Conclusions: Soyangin hyeongbangdojeok-san-gami appears to have a useful effect on abnormal liver function values in Soyangin gyolhyungjeung. Further clinical studies are needed to verify these findings.

목형 잎 추출물의 항산화 활성과 멜라닌 생합성에 대한 저해활성

김아름 ( A Reum Kim ),박수아 ( Su Ah Park ),하지훈 ( Ji Hoon Ha ),박수남 ( Soo Nam Park ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2013 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.41 No.1

본 연구에서는 목형 잎 추출물의 항산화 활성, 성분분석 그리고 mushroom tyrosinase 저해활성 측정, α-MSH로 유도된 세포 내 멜라닌 생합성에 대한 저해활성에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 목형 잎 추출물의 자유라디칼 (1,1-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) 소거활성 (FSC50)은 에틸아세테이트 분획에서 14.51 μg/ml, 아글리콘 분획에서 13.96 μg/ml로 측정되었다. Luminol-의존성 화학발광법을 이용한 Fe3+- EDTA/H2O2 계에서 생성된 활성산소종 (reactive oxygen species, ROS)에 대한 목형 잎 추출물의 총항산화능은 아글리콘 분획에서 0.22 μg/ml로, 아글리콘 분획에서 가장 큰 활성을 나타내었다. 목형 잎 추출물에 대하여 rose-bengal로 증감된 1O2에 의한 적혈구 파괴에 대한 세포보호 효과는 모든 분획에서 농도 의존적(1~50 μg/ml)으로 증가하였으며, 특히 아글리콘 분획에서 지용성 항산화제인 (+)-α-tocopherol 보다 우수한 세포보호 활성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. Mushroom tyrosinase의 활성 저해 효과(IC50)를 측정한 결과 에틸아세테이트 분획(IC50 = 48.58 μg/ml)에서 우수한 효과를 나타났고, α-MSH로 유도된 세포 내 멜라닌 합성 저해 활성을 측정한 결과 에틸아세테이트 분획물의 50 μg/ml 농도에서 41.80% 저해활성을 나타내었다. TLC, HPLC 및 LC/ESIMS를 이용한 성분분석 결과 에틸아세테이트 분획 중에 luteolin, isoorientin이 존재함을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과들로부터 목형 잎 추출물은 활성산소종을 소거하는 항산화제로 이용가능하며, 특히 mushroom tyrosinase 저해효과와 α- MSH로 유도된 멜라닌 생합성 저해 효과로부터 에틸아세테이트 분획 중 luteolin 및 isoorientin을 새로운 미백 화장품의 원료로써 이용가능성을 알 수 있었다. The aim of this study was to evaluate various aspects of Vitex negundo L. leaf extract, such as the antioxidative activity, tyrosinase inhibitory effects, and inhibitory activities on α-MSH induced melanogenesis, and active component analysis. The DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activities (FSC50) of the ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction of V. negundo L. leaf extract were 14.51 μg/ml and 13.96 μg/ml, respectively. A luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay revealed that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity (OSC50) of the aglycone fraction of V. negundo L. leaf extract on ROS generated in an Fe3+-EDTA/H2O2 system was the most prominent at 0.22 μg/ml. The protective effects of the extracts fractions of V. negundo L. leaf against the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were increased in a concentration dependent manner (1~50 μg/ml). In particular, there were greater protective effects of the aglycone fraction on the cellular membrane than that of the fat-soluble antioxidant (+)-α-tocopherol. The inhibitory effects (IC50) on mushroom tyrosinase were the highest for the ethyl acetate fraction (IC50 = 48.58 μg/ml). The inhibitory effect on α-MSH induced melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells was 41.80% at 50 μg/ml of ethyl acetate fraction. Active component analyses by TLC, HPLC and LC/ESI MS revealed luteolin and isoorientin. These results indicate that V. negundo L. leaf extract can be used as an antioxidant for ROS scavenging. Particularly, the luteolin and isoorientin of the ethyl acetate fraction may be applicable to new whitening cosmetics because of its inhibitory effect on mushroom tyrosinase and α-MSH induced melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells.

한방 치료로 호전된 파열형 요추 추간판 탈출중 환자의 치험 1례

권형근 ( Hyung Keum Kwon ),박수아 ( Soo Ah Park ),안창범 ( Chang Bum Ahn ) 대구한의대학교 제한동의학술원 2014 東西醫學 Vol.39 No.4

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to report the effects of korean medicine on patient with ruptured intervertebral lumber disc. Methods: The patient who had ruptured intervertebral lumber disc caused by out-car accident were treated by korean medicine such as acupuncture herb medication bee venom and moxibustion. We evaluated the results of treatments by change of symptoms, L-spine MRl, ODI, vAS score. Results: 1. After korean medicine, the patient could reduce pains and have normal daily life. 2. After korean medicine, ODI, VAS score were improved and L-spine MRI was changed more positive condition. Conclusion: This study shows that korean medicine has effects on patient with ruptured intervertebral lumber disc. And ODI, VAS score. L-spine MRI change would be valid measurement to evaluate the effects of treatments for ruptured intervertebral lumber disc

레스베라트롤의 세포보호 및 항산화 효과

조나래 ( Na Rae Jo ),박수아 ( Su Ah Park ),전소하 ( So Ha Jeon ),하지훈 ( Ji Hoon Ha ),박수남 ( Soo Nam Park ) 한국공업화학회 2013 공업화학 Vol.24 No.5

In this study, the cellular protective effect of resveratrol on oxidative damage and its antioxidative activity were investigated. The free radical-scavenging activity (FSC50) of resveratrol was measured to be 103 μM. The reactive oxygen species-scavenging activity (OSC50) of resveratrol on the ROS generated in a Fe 3+ -EDTA/H2O2 system was investigated using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. Resveratrol displayed 0.042 μM ROS scavenging activity, which is 9.6-fold higher than that of L-ascorbic acid (0.405 μM) and had a more prominent cellular protective effect than (+)-α-tocopherol. When HaCaT cells were exposed to 800 mJ/cm 2 of UVB or treated with 30 μM rose bengal, resveratrol protected the cells against oxidative stress in a concentration-dependent manner; however, it was unable to protect the cells when the damage was induced by 10 mM H2O2. These results indicate that resveratrol could be employed to improve and prevent the skin aging through its antioxidative and cellular protective activities.

대두 가수분해물에서 분리한 UF - peptide가 in vivo에서 자발성 고혈압 흰쥐의 혈압 강하에 미치는 영향

유리나(Rina Yu),박수아(Soo-Ah Park),정대균(Dae-Kyun Chung),남희섭(Hee-Sop Nam),신재익(Zae-Ik Shin) 한국식품영양과학회 1996 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.25 No.6

대두 가수분해물인 UF-peptide in vivo에서 혈압강하효과를 나타낼 수 있는지를 조사하기 위해, 실험동물로서 고혈압 모델인 자발성 고혈압 흰쥐(spontaneously hypertensive rat, SHR)를 대상으로 UF-peptide를 0, 3, 10%가 되도록 첨가한 식이 UF-peptide로 6주간 사육하여 SHR의 혈압강하에 미치는 영향, 혈중 지질 수준 및 혈관조직 중 angiotensin I converting enzyme(ACE) 활성 등을 조사하였다. 그 결과, UF-peptide는 자발성 고혈압쥐의 혈압을 강하시키는 효과가 있었으며, 이 효과는 혈중 총 콜레스테롤 및 중성지질 등의 지질 개선작용, 흉부동맥의 ACE 활성 저해작용을 통해 발현되는 것으로 추정되었다. Effect of soybean hydrolysate prepared by ultrafiltration(UF-peptide) was evaluated regarding its action on blood pressure, selected biochemical changes in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR). Male SHR were divided into three groups and fed diet with 0, 3, 10% UF-peptide for 6 weeks. Development of hypertension was determined by tail cuff method during the experimental period. After the experimental period, angiotension I converting enzyme (ACE) activity in serum and vascular tissue, and lipids level in serum were measured. Spontaneous elevation of blood pressure was suppressed by the UF-peptide supplementation after two weeks of feeding. After five weeks of feeding the development of hypertension was significantly inhibited in the UF -peptide administered groups compared to the control. In addition, the UF-peptide was effective for lowering serum lipids level such as triglyceride and total cholesterol, as well as ameliorating some pathological changes in SHR.

담쟁이덩굴 줄기 추출물의 세포 보호 작용과 항산화 활성

조나래 ( Na Rae Jo ),박민아 ( Min A Park ),채교영 ( Kyo Young Chae ),박수아 ( Su Ah Park ),전소하 ( So Ha Jeon ),하지훈 ( Ji Hoon Ha ),박수남 ( Soo Nam Park ) 대한화장품학회 2012 대한화장품학회지 Vol.38 No.3

본 연구에서는 담쟁이덩굴 줄기 추출물의 HaCaT 세포와 사람 적혈구 세포에서의 세포 보호 효과 및 항산화능을 측정하였다. HaCaT 세포를 이용한 실험에서, 담쟁이덩굴 줄기 추출물의 에틸아세테이트 분획과 아글리콘 분획은 각각 50 μ g/mL 및 25 μ g/mL의 농도에서 독성을 나타내지 않았다. 10 mM의 H₂O₂ 및 30 μ M의 rose bengal을 HaCaT 세포에 처리하였을 때, 에틸아세테이트 분획(6.25 ∼ 50 μ g/mL) 및 아글리콘 분획(6.25 ∼ 25 μ g/mL)은 농도 의존적으로 세포를 보호하였다. 적혈구 광용혈에서 담쟁이덩굴 줄기 추출물은 10 μ g/mL의 농도에서 대표적인 지용성 항산화제인 α-토코페롤보다도 큰 세포보호효과를 나타내었다. 담쟁이덩굴 줄기 추출물 에틸아세테이트 분획의 free radical(1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl , DPPH) 소거활성(FSC₅₀)은 18.5 μ g/mL를 나타내었다. Luminol-의존성 화학발광법을 이용한 Fe³⁺-EDTA/H₂O₂계에서 생성된 활성산소종(reactive oxygen species, ROS)에 대한 담쟁이덩굴 줄기 추출물의 총항산화능(OSC₅₀)은 에틸아세테이트 분획의 경우 1.72 μg/mL, 아글리콘 분획은 1.53 μg/mL로 대표적 항산화제인 L-ascorbic acid (OSC₅₀ = 1.50 μg/mL)와 유사한 항산화능의 크기를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과들은 담쟁이덩굴 줄기 추출물이 ROS에 대항하여 세포를 보호함으로써 생체계, 특히 태양 자외선에 노출된 피부에서 세포보호제 및 천연항산화제로서 작용할 수 있음을 가르킨다. In this study, the cellular protective effects on HaCaT cells and human erythrocytes and antioxidative effects of P. tricuspidata stem extracts were investigated. The ethyl acetate (50 μ g/mL) and aglycone fraction (25 μ g/mL) of P. tricuspidata stem extracts doesn't show any characteristics of cytotoxicity. When HaCaT cells were treated with 10 mM H₂O₂ and 30 μ M rose bengal, the ethyl acetate (6.25 ∼ 50 μ g/mL) and aglycone (6.25 ∼ 25 μ g/mL) fraction protected the cells against the oxidative damage in a concentration dependent manner. The P. tricuspidata stem extracts showed more prominent cellular protective effect than (+)-α-tocopherol, known as lipid antioxidant at 10 μ g/mL. The ethylacetate fraction of P. tricuspidata stem extracts (18.5 μ g/mL) showed more free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity (FSC5₅₀). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity (OSC₅₀) of P. tricuspidata stem extracts on ROS generated in Fe³⁺-EDTA/H₂O₂ system was investigated using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The ethyl acetate (1.72 μ g/mL) and the aglycone fraction (1.53 μ g/mL) showed similar ROS scavenging activity of L-ascorbic acid (1.50 μ g/mL). These results indicate that extract/fractions of P. tricuspidata stem extracts can function as natural cytoprotective agents and antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by protecting cellular membrane against ROS.

대황의 항산화 효과 및 타이로시네이즈 저해 활성

김정은 ( Jung Eun Kim ),박찬하 ( Chan Ha Park ),오대석 ( Dae Seok Oh ),이승연 ( Seung Yeon Lee ),장세훈 ( Se Hun Jang ),홍지연 ( Jee Yeon Hong ),민혜진 ( Hye Jin Min ),박수아 ( Su Ah Park ),원두현 ( Doo Hyun Won ),박수남 ( Soo Nam 대한화장품학회 2011 대한화장품학회지 Vol.37 No.4

본 연구에서는 대황 추출물의 항산화 활성, 타이로시네이즈(tyrosinase) 저해 활성을 확인하였다. 대황의 50 % 에탄올 추출물, 에틸아세테이트(ethyl acetate) 분획, 아글리콘(aglycone) 분획으로 실험을 진행하였다. 대황 추출물들의 DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) 소거활성(FSC₅₀)은 대표적인 항산화제인 (+)-α-tocopherol보다 낮은 것으로 나타났다. Luminol 발광법을 이용한 Fe³⁺-EDTA/H₂O₂ 계에서 생성된 활성산소종에 대한 아글리콘 분획의 소거활성(총 항산화능, OSC₅₀)은 0.265 μg/mL로 매우 큰 활성을 나타내었다. 대황 추출물의 rose-bengal로 증감된 ¹O₂에 의한 적혈구 파괴에 대한 세포보호 효과는 모든 분획에서 농도 의존적(1∼50 μg/mL)으로 증가하였으며, 특히 아글리콘 분획은 10 μg/mL 농도에서 τ₅₀이 757.0 min으로 높은 세포 보호 활성을 나타내었다. 대황 추출물 중 아글리콘 분획의 타이로시네이즈 저해활성(IC₅₀)은 11.20 μg/mL으로 226.88 μg/mL인 알부틴(arbutin)보다 큰 활성을 보여주었다. 이상의 결과들로부터 대황 추출물은 활성산소종을 소거하는 항산화제로 이용가능하며, 특히 아글리콘 분획의 현저한 항산화 작용 및 큰 타이로시네이즈 저해 효과로부터 이들 분획 또한 화장품원료로서 응용 가능성이 큼을 알 수 있었다. In this study, the antioxidative effects and inhibitory activities on tyrosinase of Rheum undulatum (R. undulatum) L. extracts were investigated. 50 % ethanol extract, ethyl acetate and aglycone fractions of R. undulatum L. were used in experiments. The DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activities (FSC₅₀) of R. undulatum L. extracts was lower than (+)-α-tocopherol, known as a typical antioxidant. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities (OSC₅₀) of aglycone fraction on ROS generated in Fe³⁺-EDTA/H₂O₂ system using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay showed the most prominent effect at a concentration of 0.265 μg/mL. The cellular protective effects of extract/fractions of R. undulatum L. on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were increased in a concentration dependent manner (1 ~ 50 μg/mL). Especially, aglycone fraction in 10 μg/mL concentration showed the most protective effect among extracts (τ₅₀, 757.0 min). The inhibitory effects (IC₅₀, 11.20 μg/mL) on tyrosinase of aglycone fraction was much higher than arbutin (226.88 μg/mL), known as a whitening agent. These results indicate that R. undulatum L. extracts can be used as antioxidant. Particularly, aglycone fraction of R. undulatum L. showed superior antioxdative activity and high inhibitory effect on tyrosinase. Therefore, aglycone fraction of R. undulatum L. could be applicable to new functional cosmetics.