동중서(董仲舒)의 예론(禮論)

박동인 ( Dong In Park ) 퇴계학연구원 2010 退溪學報 Vol.127 No.-

이글의 목적은 董仲舒의 禮論을 탐구하는 것이다. 왜냐하면 동중서의 예론은 漢代 禮法觀의 범형을 구축한 그의 禮主法輔(=德主刑輔)의 구조를 이해하거나 그의 禮治시스템을 이해하는데 매우 중요한 주제임에도 불구하고 국내·외의 연구가 아직 미진한 상태이기 때문이다. 동중서 예론은 대체로 두 부분으로 정리할 수 있다. 즉 첫째는 이전 유가를 계승·인습한 부분인데, 이것은 예의 발생연원이나 등급질서에 따라 다르게 규정된 예의제도 및 그의 예론의 두 축인 文質論이다. 그리고 둘째는 문질론 중 동기강조부분과 그의 봉건등급질서구축부분이다. 이상을 통해서 우리는 동중서가 동기를 강조함으로써 진나라 이후 지속된 嚴刑峻法風土를 일신시켜 유가의 德治·禮治構造로 전환하고자 했을 뿐만 아니라, 그 이후 法 해석의 준거인 原心定罪를 산출함으로써 당시 法 적용의 풍토를 변화시키고자 했음을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 사회·정치적인 등급질서를 자연법칙인 陰陽으로 정당화시킴으로써 다시는 전국시대와 같은 혼란이나 漢初의 반란사건을 되풀이하지 않게 하며, 또 이른바 천자-신하-백성이라는 봉건등급질서와 三綱의 구조를 구축함으로써 사회 안정망을 확보하고자 했다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그는 그래야 당시의 시대적 요청인 황제절대권과 중앙집권 및 사회의 안정을 이루어 漢제국의 長治久安이 가능할 것이라 여겼다. The goal of this article is to study Dong Zhong-Shu`s theory of rites. Despite the fact that study on Dong Zhong-Shu`s theory of rites are matter of importance in understanding not only his theory of rule of rites[禮治] but also the system of his "rites as the main and the laws as the subsidy[禮主法輔]," (or "virtue as the main and punishment as the subsidy[德主刑輔]" which constructed the model[範型] of Han dynasty` standpoint on rites and laws, studies on this subject have in much deficiency among both domestic and international scholars. Generally, Dong Zhong-Shu`s theory of rites can be arranged in two parts. The first part succeeds the traditional Confucianism: the origin of rites[禮], system of rites[禮儀制度] according to the system of hierarchy[等級制度], and his theory of wenzhi[文質論] as which are the two axis of his theory of rites. The second part is his emphasis on "motive" from his theory of wenzhi and his construction of "feudal hierarchical order[封建等級秩序]." Through the facts mentioned above, we could know that Dong Zhong-Shu, by emphasizing motive, not only tried to switch over toward Confucian rule of virtue and rule of rites from the culture of "severe punishment and harsh laws[嚴刑峻法]" which had been prevalent since Qin(秦) dynasty, but also tried to change the application of laws by arguing "sentence of guilt based on (one`s) heart[原心定罪]" which became the authority cited for interpreting laws after him. Furthermore, by justifying the social and political hierarchial order through the simile of natural order of yin and yang he wanted to make sure that the likes of chaos during the Warring States(475-221 B.C) period or repeated attempts of treason into the early Han would never happen again. Also we could know that by constructing a feudal heirarchical order of emperor-subject-people and the structure of three basic human relations(between sovereign and subject, father and son, husband and wife), Dong Zhong-Shu tried to secure a safety network of society. He thought that by doing so, he could achieve the absolute authority of the emperor, centralization of government, and a stability of society, so as to prolong the reign of Han dynasty.

水原 古索洞 舊石器時代 遺蹟의 一考

박동실(Park, Dong-Sill) 백산학회 2007 白山學報 Vol.- No.77

Gosaek-dong Site was located at the southwest of Suwon City. This paleolithic site was excavated by Kyonggi University museum, 2005. The site placed on the south hillside of low mountain(40.2m). Before excavation, this site was used as a agricultural field. In this paper, I try to discuss about the specific characteristics of late paleolithic artifacts uncovered at Gosaek-dong site. First, the excavation of paleolithic artifacts was for the first time in Suwon City region. Before this excavation, paleolithic artifacts such as stone axes, polyhedrals, scrapers, etc, were collected on the surface survey from Osan Gambaesan site in Hwasung City and Daeyami site in Gunpo City. Second, Gosaek-dong site has five soil layers. Among these layers, cultural layer for paleolithic is belonged to second layer in which stone artifacts were included. Just under the cultural layer, wedge shape structures formed at the Ice Age were appeared on the wall of trench. Third, artifacts uncovered are polyhedrals, scrapers, picks, stone cores, and lots of flakes. Although the amounts of artifacts are not so much excavated, from this cultural assemblages we may understand about the making process of stone tools for hunting activities. Finally, the chronology of the site is not clear because of the fact that not only amount of artifacts was rare, but also any evidences for aging the site was uncovered. Nevertheless, we can assume that this site was occupied by human at the late of Upper Paleolithic period, because artifacts excavated in the site is very similar with those of Sam-ri site in Gwangjoo City, Hopyung-dong site in Namyangjoo City, and Gambaesan site in Hwasung City.

토양 수분조건과 뿌리혹선충 밀도가 멜론의 수량과 품질에 미치는 영향

박동금(Dong-Kum Park),권준국(Joon-Kook Kwon),이재한(Jae-Han Lee),최영하(Young-Hah Choi) 한국원예학회 2002 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2002 No.3

면외하중을 받는 보형 SC구조 시험체의 휨 및 전단특성에 관한 실험적 연구

박동수(Park, Dong Su),정원섭(Jeoung, Won Seoup) 한국콘크리트학회 2008 한국콘크리트학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.11

규칙적인 운동참여와 형태가 신장 성장, 신체구성 및 2차 성징에 미치는 영향

박동호 ( Dong Ho Park ),고병구 ( Byoung Goo Ko ),김영수 ( Young Soo Kim ),성봉주 ( Bong Ju Sung ),윤성원 ( Sung Won Youn ),이종각 ( Jong Gak Lee ),정동식 ( Dong Sik Chung ),김창선 ( Chang Sun Kim ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2003 체육과학연구 Vol.14 No.3

레크리에이션 수준의 신체활동이 사춘기 학생들의 신장성장에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 2,810명을 대상으로 집단의 특성에 적합한 76명의 피험자를 선정하였다. 집단의 구성은 점핑운동을 주 운동으로 하는 농구운동집단 22명(≥3/주당, ≥30min/회), 유산소성 운동집단 28명(≥3/주당, ≥30min/회), 비운동집단 26명의 3개 집단으로 비운동집단은 운동 자체를 싫어하여 체육수업조차 적극적으로 참여하지 않는 자들로 구성된 반면 운동집단은 3년 이상 규칙적으로 운동하는 학생들로 구성되었다. 측정변인으로는 인체계측 측정을 포함한 영양상태, 성적성숙 단계(교환과 체모)와 골연령 등이 측정되었고, 이를 바탕으로 예측신장과 목표신장이 산출되었다. 본 연구결과로 사춘기 동안의 자발적인 운동 참여는 일일 에너지 섭취량을 증가(p<.01)시키고, 3대 영양소 중 특히 탄수화물의 섭취를 증가(p<.01)시킴으로써, 활동 소비량의 증가로 높아진 에너지 필요성을 보충하는 것으로 나타났다. 비록 집단간에는 유의한 차이는 없었지만 농구운동집단에서 유산소성 운동집단과 비운동 집단에 비해 예측신장이 크다는 점을 고려해 볼 때, 청소년기의 규칙적인 점핑형태의 운동이 신장성장에 바람직한 영향을 줄 것이라 사료된다. 반면 유산소성 운동그룹에서 다른 그룹들에 비해 낮은 체지방율과 수축기 혈압을 보인다는 점을 고려할 때, 유산소성 운동은 길이 성자 이외에 의학적인 측면에서 바람직한 영향을 준다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 규칙적인 유산소성 운동을 바탕으로 한 점핑 형태의 운동이 청소년들의 신장 성장뿐만 아니라 향후 성인병의 원인이 되는 체지방의 과다를 사전에 예방함으로써 성인기에 건강한 삶을 향유할 수 있을 것이라 생각된다. To investigate the effect of exercise on linear growth in adolescent boys, the association of predicted adult height, pubertal stage and bone age, and physical activity was evaluated in 76 adolescent boys out of 2,810, aged l5yr. 76 boys were automatically divided into three groups by their characteristics: basketball group (group A, n= 22: ≥30 min/session, ≥3 times/week), aerobic group (group B, n=28: ≥30 min/session, ≥3 times/week), and inactivity group (group C, n= 26). The group C doesn`t like exercise and even doesn`t want to participate into physical exercise in school. The study included assessment of testes and pubic hair development, estimation of body fat, skeletal maturation and dietary intake, height, and weight. As the results of the study, regular exercise groups, group A & B (A: 31.63 kcal/kg and B: 31.87 kcal/kg) take more daily energy intake than group C (26.13 kcal/kg, p<.01, p<.01, respectively) while group B (17.03%) has lower % body fat than group A (20.01%) and C (20.39%). Although there were no statistical differences in current height, target height (TH), predicted adult height(PAH), bone age, especially group A has higher tendency of PAH than group B and C. From this point of view, regular recreational basketball exercise may favorably influence on linear growth. However, group B has lower %BF and systolic blood pressure than group A and C. This indicated that aerobic exercise favorably influences on promotion of health at a medical point of view. Therefore, jumping exercise based on aerobic exercise may help not only to prevent obesity from increasing but also to promote our health.

물류기업 간 해외 파트너십이 물류성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 실증연구 -국제물류주선업체를 중심으로-

박동기 ( Dong Gi Park ),조찬혁 ( Chan Hyouk Cho ) 한국물류학회 2012 물류학회지 Vol.22 No.1

본 연구는 국제물류주선업체와 해외 파트너 사이의 파트너십 관계가 자사의 물 류성과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 파악하고자 한다. 해운산업에서 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있는 국제물류주선업체는 점차 대형화 전문화되어 가고 있으며 이는 한 국 해운산업의 발전에도 큰 영향을 미치게 될 것 이다. 따라서 이러한 국제물류주 선업체와 해외 파트너 간의 관계를 보다 실증적으로 분석하여 변화하는 해운항만 시장에 보다 효과적인 발전 방향을 제시하고자 한다. 분석결과 국제물류주선업체 와 해외 파트너 간의 경험, 문화적 거리, 국가적 배경은 국제물류주선업체의 물류 성과 중 전략과 운영에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 정보화 수준의 경우는 그렇지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 향후 연구에서는 보다 구체적인 선행연구를 바탕으로 다양한 변수 설정이 필요하며 대륙별로 나누어 파트너십과 물류성과 사이의 영향변수에 대한 연구가 이루어진다면 의미 있는 결과를 발견 할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. This study explores and evaluates partnership relationship between international freight forwarder and foreign partners that stimulate improved logistical performance while lowering system wise cost in the total supply chain. Although freight forwarders are one of the most important intermediaries in international logistics, their role has generally been ignored in academic journals. Their selections on shipping companies and foregign partners can impact for the supply chain productivity and global optimization. The results of this study indicate that the strategy and operation of the freight forwarders are related to the experience, cultural distance and country background of the foreign partners. In contrast, the information level is not driven by those vaiables at all. Future study should include more extensive modeling of partnerships and logistical performance across all continents and regions. A more meaningful comparison of influential variables must be also included in the future works as well.

참외 시설재배지의 작부체계 및 시설환경 특성

박동금(Dong Kum Park),권준국(Joon Kook Kwon),이재한(Jae Han Lee),최영하(Young Ha Choi),김회태(Hoe Tae Kim),이순구(Soon Gu Lee),황재문(Jae Moon Hwang) 한국원예학회 2003 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2003 No.5

무도교육의 신체단련 기법과 Somatics

박동철 ( Dong Chul Park ) 대한무도학회 2002 대한무도학회지 Vol.4 No.2

초등학교 교과서의 식생활 내용 분석

박동연 ( Dong Yean Park ),김정현 ( Jung Hyun Kim ),이경혜 ( Kyung Hae Lee ) 대한지역사회영양학회 2008 대한지역사회영양학회 춘-추계학술대회지 Vol.2008 No.2

초등학생의 신체능력평가 컴퓨터 프로그램 개발

박동일(Park Dong-Il),안양옥(Aun Yang-Ok),이병근(Lee Byung-Kun) 한국체육과학회 2001 한국체육과학회지 Vol.10 No.2

The purpose of this study is to develop physical capacity evaluation program used the data of physical constitution, physique and physical fitness test for elementary school students, and to use the programs for effective managing of the physical capacity. The subject were elementary school S and 6 grade. This study was carried out from 1999 September to 2000 March, The program was made by Visual basic 6.0 and Crystal report 7.0 for Window 95/98. The development process were divided 3 stage; planning, design and development. The planning was included the draw out plan and the adaptation of plan. The design was included the draw out of design and the adaption of design. The physical capacity evaluation program and exercise guideline program were developed used by physical test data, The physical test data were included the physical constitution test(5 items), physique(5 items) and physical fitness test(5 items). The physical capacity evaluation program were development test data is provide normal and abnormal, fitness level, obesity level, percentage of fitness by the physical test data. The exercise guideline program is provide exercise item according to the fitness level of muscle power, cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, speed and the guide about the intensity, frequency, duration of exercise. This program can print the output about the evaluation of fitness. The physical capacity evaluation reports are printed out from the physical capacity evaluation program. The reports are included normal and abnormal, obesity level, fitness level, the percentage of fitness by the physical test data. This program would be useful thing on elementary school students by the elevation of functions and the effective exchange with the health reports program.