왼온엉덩동맥 허혈 후 재관류 시간경과에 따른 생쥐의 혈청 내 친염증성 cytokine의 변화

박경신(Kyung shin Park),김성재(Sung Jae Kim),서윤경(Younkyoung Seo) 대한체질인류학회 2016 해부·생물인류학 (Anat Biol Anthropol) Vol.29 No.1

허혈 재관류 손상은 허혈이 이루어진 후 재관류되면서 일어난다. 허혈 재관류 손상의 주요 원인은 활성산소기와 활성화된 면역세포가 분비하는 cytokine이다. Cytokine은 감염이나 면역반응, 염증 등의 반응을 조절하는 세포 사이의 신호전달물질로, 염증반응을 증가시키는 것을 친염증성 cytokine이라 한다. 본 실험에서 저자들은 허혈후 재관류 경과에 따른 친염증성 cytokine인 IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-3, IL-5, IL-6, eotaxin, MCP-1, MDC, MIP-1α, RANTES, TARC, IFNγ의 변화를 알아보았다. 12주령의 수컷 생쥐를 이용하여 정상대조군과 2시간 허혈군, 4시간 허혈군, 6시간 허혈군으로 구분하였고, 총 96마리의 생쥐를 사용하였다. 허혈처치는 왼온엉덩동맥을 혈관집게를 이용하여 차단하였고, 각 허혈군은 재관류 경과에 따라 0시간, 2시간, 4시간, 8시간, 16시간으로 재분류하였다. 재관류 시간에 따라 생쥐를 마취시킨 후 심장에서 혈액을 채취하였다. 혈청을 분리한 후 ELISA 분석방법을 이용하여 IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-3, IL-5, IL-6, eotaxin, MCP-1, MDC, MIP-1α, RANTES, TARC, IFNγ의 농도를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 13개의 cytokine 농도는 허혈시간에 따라 그리고 재관류 시간에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다. 허혈 2시간군에서 IL-1α와 IL-3는 정상대조군보다 유의성 있게 증가되었고, 재관류 후 MIP-1α를 제외한 모든 cytokine들은 증가하였으며, MCP-1과 TARC은 재관류 16시간에 가장 높은 농도로 관찰되었다. 허혈 4시간군에서 TARC만이 정상대조군보다 유의성 있게 증가되었으며, 재관류 후 모든 cytokine들은 재관류 4시간 이후에 감소하는 경향으로 관찰되었다. 허혈 6시간군에서 IL-2, IL-3, MCP-1, TARC은 정상대조군보다 유의성 있게 증가되었고, 재관류 16시간에 IL-3와 MCP-1이 유의성 있게 증가되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면, 허혈은 친염증성 cytokine을 정상대조군보다 증가시키는 것을 알 수 있었고, 특히 2시간과 6시간 허혈군에서 관찰된 IL-1α, IL-3, MCP-1, TARC은 재관류 후기까지 비교적 높은 농도로 유지되는 것을 알 수 있었다. Ischemia-reperfusion injury arises from the restoration of blood supply after ischemia. Both reactive oxygen species and various cytokines produced by activated immune cells are the primary causal risk factors for ischemic injury. Cytokines are intercellular signaling substances for regulating any infection, immune reactions and inflammation, and pro-inflammatory cytokines adversely affect any diseases through an increase in inflammatory reaction. This study was conducted to investigate whether the periods of reperfusion after ischemia result in any changes of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum, including IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-3, IL-5, IL-6, Eotaxin, MCP-1, MDC, MIP-1α, RANTES, TARC, IFNδ. A total of 96 male mice aged at 12 weeks was used in this study, and the groups of ischemia were divided into the following three different groups: 2-hour, 4-hour, and 6-hour ischemia groups. For the object of ischemic injury, the left common iliac artery was clamped by vascular clamp, each ischemia group was subdivided into 5 different groups according to the periods of reperfusion: 0-, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 16-hour reperfusion time. Blood samples after general anesthesia were collected from the mice hearts, and the serum was separated from them. The concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-3, IL-5, IL-6, Eotaxin, MCP-1, MDC, MIP-1α, RANTES, TARC, IFNδ) in the serum was measured by ELISA, and the following results were acquired. The concentrations of the 13 pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly different in accordance with the periods of ischemia and the reperfusion time. In 2-hour ischemia group, IL-1α and IL-3 were increaed compared to normal control group, and 12 cytokines were increased followed by reperfusion except for MIP-1α. MCP- 1 and TARC were expressed as the highest concentration in the 16-hour reperfusion time. In 4-hour ischemia group, TARC was significant differences with normal control group, and the concentration of 13 cytokines were decreased after 4-hour reperfusion time. In 6-hour ischemia group, IL-2, IL-3, MCP-1 and TARC were increased, compared to normal control group, and IL-3 and MCP-1 were increased in 16-hour reperfusion time. To sum up, ischemia increased the pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to normal control group and in the 2-hour and 6-hour ischemia groups, IL-1α, IL-3, MCP-1 and TARC were increased until the late reperfusion time.

성매매에 대한 금지주의적 여성주의와 성노동론 여성주의의 대립과 화해가능성

박경신 ( Park Kyung Shin ) 고려대학교 법학연구원 2018 고려법학 Vol.0 No.90

여성주의 이론은 개별성매매행위를 성착취 및 성차별로 보아 성매수자를 처벌하되 그 착취와 차별의 피해자는 면책하자는 금지주의적 여성주의 캠프와 사회적 성차별의 피해자인 성노동자들의 안전과 복지를 위해 이들의 자율성을 인정해주기 위해서는 성매수자도 처벌해서는 안된다는 ‘성노동론’ 여성주의로 나뉘어져 있다. 이 분열을 회복하는 방법 중의 하나는 사회적 인과관계와 개인적 인과관계를 구분하고 금지주의적 여성주의 입장을 2014년 유럽의회 결의와 2006년 헌법재판소 결정에 표창된 경험주의적인 것으로 재해석하는 것이다. 즉 자발적 성매매가 사회적 성차별의 결과물이라고 할지라도 개인적인 가해-피해의 관계가 성립되지 않을 수도 있음을 인정하되 자발적 성매매의 합법화는 강제적 성매매나 성차별적 인식의 확산을 부추길 수 있음을 인정한다면, 성노동자들의 복지와 안전이라는 법익과 강제적 성매매나 성차별의 잠재적 피해 예방이라는 법익을 실증적으로 형량하여 최적화된 해법을 찾아갈 수 있다. A debate between two feminist camps are raging around the world on the issue of whether to fully decriminalize prostitution or punish purchasers while sparing women the victims of sexual discrimination, which is the very reason both feminist camps cite as the reasons for condemning prostitution. The fight intensified while in 2014 European Parliament resolved to call all member States for adoption of the Swedish model and around the same time Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International sided with sex workers who have demanded de-stigmatization by decriminalization.Prohibitionist feminist camp sees prostitution as sexual exploitation and discrimination against women while sex work feminist camp wants to recognize full autonomy of sex workers whom they recognize as the victims of social discrimination.This article evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of the two camps and explores the possibility of reconciliation. To summarize, what I would call the prohibitionist feminist camp’s proposal for the Swedish model is vulnerable to deontological attacks. Firstly, the fact that women are socially forced into prostitution by job discrimination does not necessarily justify treating women’s voluntary choice not operative while men’s action operative, thereby holding women not accountable and yet men accountable for their respective actions, especially when accountability takes the form of criminal punishment. It is not just prostitution that women were forced into: There are many other low level jobs into which men crowded women away from their high paying jobs, but criminalizing just male customers will be non-sensical. One makes wonder whether the abolitinist feminist position is based upon some presumed specificity of women’s sexuality such as passivity. Secondly, such model loses consistency when applied to the rare narratives of male prostitutes and female customers. Thirdly, the model ignores the fact that women’s choices can be voluntary in which case there is no reason for condemning the act, and yet customers are burdened with criminal punishment, whose burden women have to shoulder also.On the other hand, the ‘sex work’ camp’s argument turns a blind eye to the fact that forced prostitution feeds on voluntary prostitution. Fully voluntary prostitutes, whose agency the ‘sex work’ camp cherishes, do not represent the majority of prostitutes.One way to resolve the deadlock is to see the difference between social causation and individual causation, and to reinterpret the prohibitionist feminist call for a Swedish model as not based on individual causation but social consequentialism, especially how full decriminalization makes the environment ripe for enlargement of sex industry which will unavoidably involved forced prostitution as warned by 2006 Korean Constitutional Court’s decision and 2014 European Parliament resolution. Under this reinterpretation, the two camps recognize valid voluntary sex work though socially caused where the perpetrator-victim dichotomy may not exist but at the same time recognize the possible negative impact of full decriminalization on forced prostitution and gender bias, and settle the issue of sex purchasers by empirically weighing the competing interests of the welfare and safety of sex workers and the potential victims of forced prostitution and society-wide gender bias.

기후변화를 고려한 소규모 하수처리장 건설에 대한 영향 분석

박경신 ( Kyung Shin Park ),정은성 ( Eun Sung Chung ),김상욱 ( Sang Ug Kim ),이길성 ( Kil Seong Lee ) 한국물환경학회 2010 한국물환경학회지 Vol.26 No.2

자기 주도적 학습을 위한 한문과 수업모형

박경신 ( Kyung Shin Park ) 한국한문교육학회 2010 한문교육논집 Vol.34 No.-

The purpose of this thesis is to design a Chinese Literature class model that is cooperative, creative, and student-centered. The background of this thesis is constructivism. This model lesson is designed in the procedure of learner analysis, lesson development, lesson evaluation. The lesson method used in this thesis is discussion, presentation and writing. As the result of learner analysis, it is found that Chinese character is necessary because of its practicality. However, it can be summarized that the reason for considering the Chinese character as to unnecessary is that it forms a low percentage in the Korean SAT test. The learners` preference on the content of the lesson was highest on Chinese character`s word meaning and sound. Learners` preference on lesson method was highest on lecture, whereas, relatively lowest on discussion, presentation and writing. This model lesson is developed into five stages. First stage is finding the Chinese character using a dictionary. Second stage is group discussion. Third stage is the presentation of group discussion outcomes following a teacher`s supplementary explanation. Forth stage is writing. Fifth stage is presentation of students` writing and evaluation. From the result of the lesson evaluation done after applying this model lesson, the students` preference to the lesson method was discussion, searching individual Chinese characters, and presentation, which are all student-centered. The overall evaluation of the lesson was positive with the satisfactory rating, 72.05%, which is relatively high. The reason for this result can be summarized as enjoyment, bond, and activeness the students achieved in this lesson. Finally, students thought they had the highest improvement in Chinese character and vocabulary, Chinese character reading ability and Chinese character sentence understandings, in order. This is in accordance with the final aim of the Chinese character lesson. It is shown that the purposefulness and motivation critically affected the learning outcome of the students. The educational implications of this lesson are as follows; First, it can encourage students` participation. Second, it develops thinking skills and creativity. Third, it enhances teachers` understandings of the students. Fourth, it enhances the bond between lesson content and the reality. Fifth, it heightens the trust students feel for the teacher. Sixth, it creates a joyful atmosphere. Lastly, it encourages cooperativeness.

『정언묘선』과 율곡(栗谷)의 풍격(風格)

박경신 ( Kyung Shin Park ) 한국한문교육학회 2007 한문교육논집 Vol.29 No.-

本 論文은 성리학적 체계에 기반을 두고 있는 栗谷이 『精言묘選』에서 제시한 風格을 통해 율곡의 심미의식을 규명하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 栗谷 李珥(1536~1584)는 당시 문단 상황에 대한 문제점 극복과 문학의 본질을 확립해야한다는 시대소명을 가지고 『精言묘選』이라는 詩選集을 편찬하였다. 그는 『精言묘選』을 통해 풍격에 대한 견해를 제시하였는데, 이는 詩的 典範의 提示와 作詩의 現實 收容이라는 측면에서 이해할 수 있다. 詩的 典範의 提示는 율곡이 추구한 문학적 理想이자 문학에 대한 이상적 전범을 제시한다는 측면에서 의의가 있다. 作詩의 現實 收容은 훈구파의 문학적 견해를 수용함으로써 기존 문단의 경향을 절충 융합하였다는 의미와 作詩의 방법 연마를 통한 시의 학습이라는 현실을 감안하였다는데 의의가 있다. 詩的 典範의 提示에 해당하는 풍격은 沖澹蕭散·閒美淸適·淸新灑落이다. 沖澹蕭散의 기준은 不事繪飾과 妙趣이다. 沖澹蕭散은 시인의 가슴에 가득한 기운이 절로 流出된 것으로써 아무런 꾸밈이 없는 풍격이라고 할 수 있다. 閒美淸適은 천지자연의 관조를 통해 天人合一의 경지에 이르러 자연과 하나가 되어 절로 일어나는 흥에서 나오는 풍격이다. 淸新灑落은 맑고 새로우며 속되지 않은 것이다. 세속에 물들지 않고 몸을 깨끗하게 보존함으로써 속세 인간의 俗氣가 없는 탈속적 경지를 의미하는 풍격이다. 作詩의 現實 收容에 해당하는 풍격은 用意精深·情深意遠·格詞淸健·精工묘麗이다. 用意精深한 풍격의 가장 큰 특징은 造묘之論이다. 句語鍛鍊이 되어 詩語가 정교하고 다의적이며, 格度嚴整하여 섬세한 詩情을 담아낸 풍격이다. 情深意遠은 외적인 자극에 반응한 내적 정서의 표출로 지어지되 ``怨而不悖 哀而不傷``한 詩情을 담아 깊고 고요한 마음에서 나오는 풍격을 의미한다. 格詞淸健은 勁健하고 급박함 없는 천성이 문장의 내면에 바탕을 이룸으로써 표출되는 풍격이다. 精工묘麗는 시인의 정신에서 천연스럽게 우러나 正氣를 해치지 않는 범위 내에서 수사적인 아름다움을 갖추고 있는 풍격을 의미한다. 栗谷의 風格論이 한문학사에서 차지하는 위상은 다음 네 가지로 요약할 수 있다. 첫째, 江西詩派의 이론을 토대로 한 훈구파의 문학 이론을 일부 수용함으로써 15세기와 16세기 초에 걸친 문학 이론을 종합 정리하였다. 둘째, 사림파의 미의식을 체계화시키고 종합함으로써 사림파의 문학 이론을 정립시켰다. 셋째, 16세기 중반이후 詞壇에 일게 되는 學唐의 단초를 제공함으로써 17세기 이후 문학론에 先聲의 역할을 담당하였다. 넷째, 율곡의 『精言묘選』은 17세기 이후 주자의 시론을 계승하고자 하는 각종 시선집의 선편이 되었다. This purpose of this study is to examine Yi, Yi`s aesthetic consciousness represented on his 『Fine Selection of Essential Words』. He compiled 『Fine Selection of Essential Words』, a selection of poems, with the summon of the times that overcoming problems at that times and establishing true nature of literature. Through this, he suggested an opinion about distinctive styles. This could be understood as two sides of suggesting a poetic standard and accepting the situation of composing poems. Suggesting a poetic standard has its meaning as this was his ideal literature that he had been pursued. It took into account the reality of learning poetry through practicing the way to write poems and compromised and united existing tendencies of the literary world by accepting literary views of the national school party at that times. Touching sceneries that fall under the suggesting a poetic standard are Pure and Clean Farewell, Beautiful free welcoming, and New Freshness and Clearness. The standard of Pure and Clean Farewell is not regarding embellish their style importantly and poetic inspiration that can not be talked. We can say Pure and Clean Farewell has the touching scenery that are not embellished at all. Beautiful free welcoming is the scene that comes from spontaneous pleasure that reached to a state of the nature and a man became one while he look around the sky, the earth and the nature quietly. New Freshness and Clearness shows a style that means the state of unworldliness that has no mood of this world by preserving one`s body clearly, without tainting with secular affairs. The characters that accept the reality of writing poems were expressed as four traits of his writing like, refined attitude ; polished and delicate writing, deeply cultured mind and distant will ; expressions of inner emotion as reactions of external stimuli that come from deep and still, sad but not hurted mind, right words and devotion ; inner flow of his strong and composed personality on his sentences, and moderate rhetorical beauty ; rhetoric in not an excessive range. As his place in the history of literature, first, we can say he integrated and arranged theories of literature of 15th and early 16th centuries by partial acceptance of the national school party`s opinion on the basis of the theory of the west river poetry school. Second, he established Confucian scholars` literature theories through synthesis and systematization of the Confucians` aesthetical senses. Third, he asserted literary tendencies of post 17th century first as suggesting the beginning to study the Tang ages poems that arose after mid 16th century. Fourth, his 『Fine Selection of Essential Words』became the start of various selection of poems that succeeded Juhui (a Chinese Confucian of the Song ages) `s theories on poetry after 17th century.

Gaucher병의 세포학적 소견 - 1예 보고 -

이헌경,박경신,김영신,이교영,강창석,심상인,Lee, Hun-Kyung,Park, Gyeong-Shin,Kim, Young-Shin,Lee, Kyo-Young,Kang, Chang-Suk,Shim, Sang-In 대한세포병리학회 1996 대한세포병리학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Gaucher's disease is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting from mutation at the glucocerebrosidase locus on chromosome 1q21. As a result, glucocerebroside accumulates principally in the phagocytic cells known as Gaucher cells. In our case, a five-year old girl was admitted with seven days' history of fever and abdominal distension. At physical examination the patient had hepatosplenomegaly. Laboratory tests revealed a hemoglobin concentration of 2.8g/L: platelet counts of $23,000/{\mu}l$: normal range of white cell and differential counts, and negative Coombs' test. Liver enzymes were normal. For the evaluation of hepatosplenomegaly, fine needle aspiration was performed blindly against the palpable spleen. Wet-fixed hematoxylin and eosin-stained smears are made. The smears from the spleen showed predominantly macrophages with abundant cytoplasm and rather small, uniform, often eccentric nuclei with small nucleoli. The multinucleated cells were often found. The cytoplasm was pale, with more or less distinct fibrillarity. The cells had the characteristic appearance of Gaucher cells. Gaucher cells were also found in the tissue section from the liver, spleen and lymph node and the bone marrow aspirate. The diagnosis was later confirmed by determination of bela-glucosidase activity in peripheral blood leucocytes. Fine needle aspiration of the spleen is considered as a convenient procedure with a low complication rate for the diagnosis of lysosomal storage disease.

스마트매트와 카메라 센서를 이용한 가상현실 체험형 운동게임 시스템 설계 및 구현

서덕희,박경신,김동근,Seo, Duck Hee,Park, Kyung Shin,Kim, Dong Keun 한국정보통신학회 2016 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.20 No.12

본 연구에서는 스마트매트와 카메라 센서를 이용한 가상현실 체험형 운동게임 시스템 설계 및 구현하였다. 사용자 상반신 운동자세인식을 위해 키넥트 카메라 센서를 활용하고 사용자의 걷기 동작을 정확하게 인식하고 다음 취해야할 걷기 운동 동작에 대한 가이드를 제공하기 위해서 LED 표시가 가능한 스마트 매트를 개발하였다. 이를 통합하고 기능성 게임의 재미요소를 결합하여 실제 운동 상황에서 사용자에게 실시간으로 상호작용 정보를 제공하는 가상현실 체험형 운동게임 통합 시스템을 설계 및 구현하였다. 사용자들이 보다 자립적이고 독립적으로 가정 및 건강증진 관련 기관에서 쉽게 운동하는데 기여하는 체험형 운동게임 시스템으로 활용될 것이다. In this study, we designed and developed the virtual reality Exergame using the smart mat and the camera sensor for exercises in indoor environments. For detecting the gestures of a upper body of users, the KINECT camera based the gesture recognition algorithm used angles between user's joint information system was adopted, and the smart mat system including a LED equipment and Bluetooth communication module was developed for user's stepping data during the exercises that requires the gestures and stepping of users. Finally, the integrated virtual reality Exergame system was implement along with the Unity 3D engine and different kinds of user' virtual avatar characters with entertainment game contents such as displaying gesture guideline and a scoring function. Therefore, the designed system will useful for elders who need to improve cognitive ability and sense of balance or general users want to improve exercise ability and the indoor circumstances such home or wellness centers.

갑상선의 저분화 "소도양(小島樣)" 암종의 세침흡인 세포학적 소견 - 1예 보고 -

이희정,박경신,김영신,이교영,강창석,심상인,Lee, Hee-Jung,Park, Kyung-Shin,Kim, Young-Shin,Lee, Kyo-Young,Kang, Chang-Suck,Shim, Sang-In 대한세포병리학회 1998 대한세포병리학회지 Vol.9 No.1

Cytologic features of a poorly differentiated "insular" carcinoma of the thyroid are presented. In fine needle aspiration cytology, the aspirates were highly cellular and tumor cells were arranged in loose cluster or singly dispersed on focally necrotic background. Occasional microfollicles were evident. The tumor cells had poorly defined, scanty cytoplasm and most of the nuclei were fairly uniform with coarse chromatin pattern. A few large pleomorphic cells were also noted. The cytologic findings of the present case were correlated well with the histologic findings, which showed typical insular pattern and the presence of uniform cells with occasional pleomorphism.

키틴과 파추출액 반응물의 항암 작용

김영식(Yeong Sik Kim),박경신(Kyung Shin Park),장일무(Il Moo Chang),현진원(Jin Won Hyun),박재갑(Jae Gahb Park),박호군(Ho Koon Park) 대한약학회 1994 약학회지 Vol.38 No.5

Antitumor activity was tested by administration of reaction mixture of green onion extract and chitin to mice bearing sarcoma-180 cells. An intraperitoneal injection of mixture(20mg/kg/day) to mice gave an 52% inhibition of tumor growth. Inhibition of tumor growth was found to be dose-dependent. When eighty miligrams of the mixture were administered, the weight of tumor was reduced significantly. HPLC analysis indicated the mixture was composed of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, N-acetylchitobiose and N-acetylchitotriose.

디지털 문화재 콘텐츠를 위한 다중 사용자 인터랙션 프레임워크 설계

이지형(JiHyung Lee),강경규(Kyung-Kyu Kang),서기영(Ki-Young Seo),신대수(Daesu Shin),박경신(Kyoung Shin Park) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2014 한국컴퓨터정보학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.22 No.1

디지털 문화유산 콘텐츠는 실제 문화유산의 경험을 완벽하게 전달할 수는 없지만 디지털 기술의 특성을 이용하여 다양한 부가서비스를 포함함으로써 사용자들에게 재미를 부여하거나 사용자 경험을 극대화할 수 있다. 그런데 기존의 디지털 문화유산 콘텐츠는 대부분 특정 입력 장치에 한정된 사용자 인터랙션을 지원하거나 단일 사용자의 인터랙션에 국한된 경우가 많았다. 본 논문에서는 여러 사용자들이 다양한 종류의 여러 입력 장치를 사용한 인터랙션 정보를 동시에 받아서 다양한 디지털 문화유산 콘텐츠에서 적절하게 처리하여 사용될 수 있는 다중 사용자 입력 및 처리 프레임워크를 소개한다. 이 프레임워크는 서로 다른 입력장치로부터 입력정보를 일반화시켜서 해당 응용프로그램에 전달되어 협력적 인터랙션에 사용할 수 있게 한다.