기흉이 동반된 Rhizomelic형 점상 연골 이형성증 1례

목지선,황혜원,김지은,이동석,김두권,최성민 대한소아청소년과학회 2001 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.44 No.8

‘그렇게/그리’의 강조 기능에 대한 연구

목지선 한말연구학회 2022 한말연구 Vol.63 No.29

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체언 수식 부사에 대한 연구

목지선 국어문학회 2020 국어문학 Vol.74 No.-

This study was intended to catalogue adverbs modifying nouns according to the objective criteria and then classify them. Through this process, the characteristics of adverbs modifying nouns and the causes in which adverbs modify substantives will be addressed by category in detail. And based on the results of these discussions, the role or status of the adverbs modifying nouns will be established. Since adverbs modifying nouns have been actively discussed only since the 90s, there have been few accumulated study results. Moreover, since researchers may have different perspectives, significant study results have yet to be achieved. Consequently, there is still controversy over the word class category; the classification, meaning and syntax, and the pragmatic applicability and function of the substantive which is the modificand; and the cause in which the adverbs modify the substantives, in addition to the name of ‘adverbs modifying nouns’. The root cause of this controversy lies in the inability to catalogue the target vocabularies based on exact conceptual rules and standards. In order to overcome these limitations, having both adverb usage and determiner usage has been established as the most basic condition of the adverbs modifying nouns. The vocabularies used only as adverbs or adjectives were excluded from the catalogue of the adverbs modifying nouns suggested in prior studies by applying this, and then remaining adverbs modifying nouns have been cataloged. In addition, for only the vocabularies that can be considered adverbs modifying nouns, the meanings and syntactic characteristics when they function as adverbs and the meanings and syntactic characteristics when they function as adjectives were compared to suggest the characteristics of the adverbs modifying nouns. And then they were categorized based on meaning and modificand, and the characteristics were examined. Finally, the discussion was concluded by contemplating the cause in which adverbs modify substantives by category.

국어 ‘연결어미 + 하다’ 구성의 통사ㆍ의미적 특성 연구

목지선 국어문학회 2019 국어문학 Vol.71 No.-

This study examined whether the phonological information of visually presented words. One of characteristics of connective endings functioning as final endings is that they are actively used in ‘connective ending+hada’ structure. This study focused on the endings that are used as connective ending, final ending and ‘connective ending+hada’ and examined their characteristics when used in ‘connective ending+hada’ structure. Having ‘hada’, which lost the lexical meaning, after the connective ending signifies that this connective ending does not form a relational meaning between preceding and following clauses. Therefore, ‘hada’ in case has a grammatical function. In addition, even in the identical form, its meaning and function varies based on the ending that precedes ‘hada’. ‘hada’ is closely related to the meaning of preceding ending, and functions differently depending on the preceding ending, and such difference is related to the syntactic characteristics as well. 동일형태의 어미가 연결어미로도 쓰이고, ‘하다’와 결합해 ‘어미+ 하다’ 구성을 이룰 뿐 아니라 종결어미로도 쓰인다는 것은 연결어미의 종결어미화 연구에서 ‘연결어미 + 하다’의 특징을 살피는 것이 매우 중요함을 의미한다. 이 글에서는 이들 구성으로 두루 쓰이는 연결어미를 대상으로 ‘어미 + 하다’의 특성을 고찰했다. ‘-고/-든지 하다’는 표면적으로 나타난 명제의 나열을 중지하는 동시에 나열될 수 있는 명제가 더 있음을 함의하므로 의미적ㆍ경제적인 면을 모두 충족시킨다. 그리고 명령ㆍ청유 등에서 청ㆍ화자의 부담을 덜어 부드럽게 원하는 바를 제시ㆍ수용할 수 있게 하며 단정적 표현의 회피라는 화용적 기능으로 확대된다. 또 ‘-게/-도록 하다’는 ‘하다’로 그 목적의 실현이나 달성을 나타내는데 이는 ‘하다’의 능동성, 행위성이 화자의 의도나 목적을 이행ㆍ완료한다는 의미로 추상화되어 주체의 바람과 의도가 더 강화된 것이다. 그리고 타인에게 자신의 바람과 기대를 투영하는 의미로 발전하면서 사동이 되었다고 보았다. 그리고 ‘-으려고/-으면 하다’는 연결어미에서 더 주관적ㆍ양태적인 의미로 확대되어 의도나 계획, 바람이나 희망을 나타낸다. 이때 ‘하다’는 ‘생각하다, 계획하다’나 ‘좋겠다, 행복하겠다’와 대치되나 생략이 가능하므로 대동사가 아니며 문법적ㆍ의미적 기능을 한다고 보기도 힘들다.

비교/상반 개념 알아보기 : 큰 것과 작은 것

목지선 단국대학교 사범대학 특수교육과 2000 특수교육 사례연구 Vol.6 No.-

포스트코로나 시대의 유치원 교육과정: 만 5세 학급의 이야기-1

목지선,한지원 한국육아지원학회 2022 한국육아지원학회 학술대회지 Vol.2022 No.11

경남 방언의 단형 부정 의문문에 대한 연구- 확인, 강조 용법을 중심으로 -

목지선 한말연구학회 2022 한말연구 Vol.63 No.1

Negative questions sometimes express positive propositions in special situations. Studies on this unusual usage have been focused on the long form negative question. This article criticizes this research trend. Therefore, the special usage of negative question was studied targeting the short form negative question of the Gyoungsang dialect. Its special usage is the usage of confirming existing information and the usage of emphasizing new information. When the ‘an’ negative question of the Gyoungsang dialect is used as a function to confirm existing information and to deliver new information, it functions similar to a declarative sentence. Therefore, there is no negative meaning and no questionable meaning. In this article, this point was presented through syntactic characteristics. Usually, when uttering a negative question, the listener has enough information. On the other hand, the speaker lacks or lacks information. The special usage of ‘an’ negative question is revealed when the listener has the same amount of information as the speaker or only the speaker has information that the listener does not. Usage of confirming seeks to get the other party's approval by requesting confirmation of information. And the speaker tries to reveal the accuracy of the information he has. In addition to this intention, it has a function to induce the listener to actively participate in the dialogue with the speaker himself by allowing the listener to agree and sympathize with the speaker's own utterance. And, in the case of a function that emphasizes new information, information that the listener is not familiar with or new information requested by the listener through a question is provided. And the emphasis is added compared to the general descriptive text .

‘대신’의 의미ㆍ통사적 특성에 대한 연구

목지선 한말연구학회 2023 한말연구 Vol.64 No.51

. 'daesin' is used in various forms and meanings. Nevertheless, it has not received much attention in the field of Korean language studies, and has only been interested in "N1 daesin N2" or "V1/A1 –eun/neun daesin V1/A2". Therefore, various characteristics of this have not been sufficiently presented. In this study, it was considered that 'daesin' functions to connect something. In addition, a very comprehensive discussion was conducted, including "N1 daesin N2", "V1/A1 –eun/neun daesin V1/A2", "daesinida, daesinhada", as well as "daesin" connecting sentences In addition, 'daesin', which was used as a noun, was used as a bound noun, and the composition including this bound noun 'daesin' was used as a connecting function, but as grammaticalization progressed further, it was used as a connective adverb. In this study, the basic meaning of 'daesin' was considered to be 'replacement'. It was considered that the meaning of 'replacement', which is a state of balance between 'none/empty' and 'fill', was gradually abstracted and expanded to the meaning of negativity and positivity, resulting in the meaning of compensation and contrast. In addition, 'daesin' was divided into two types: the type placed in the sentence and the type placed after the ending, and the syntactic and semantic characteristics when they were used as replacement, compensation, and contrast were presented. It also newly suggested the meaning of proxy or additional conditions. In addition, the relationship between 'N1 daesin N2' and 'V1–neun daesin V2' was also examined when used in the meaning of 'replacement'.

경상 방언 ‘-시리’에 대한 연구

목지선 국어문학회 2023 국어문학 Vol.82 No.-

In modern Korean, the complex suffix "-siri" is showing vigorous productivity as the types of conjugate verb roots increase and functions increase. Along with this phenomenon, the use of '-siri', which cannot be simply analyzed in the form of adjective derivational (adjective-forming) affixes '-sireop-' and adverb derivational (adverb-forming) affixes ‘-i’, is also increasing. This is a very interesting phenomenon. And as the function in charge of '-siri' gradually expanded, it was also combined behind the connective ending dnd '-ge'. '-siri', which is combined with the connective ending '-ge', is used as a discourse cover and functions to emphasize the meaning of '-ge'. The emphasis function of this '-siri' gradually expands and is also combined after '-ge', which is used as a final ending. In this case, in addition to emphasizing the state, it also functions to reveal the speaker's feelings such as dissatisfaction, anger, and satisfaction. In the case of this usage, it functions to add aspect meaning to the sentence being uttered. The purpose of this article is to consider the phenomenon in which the two derivative suffixes '-sireop-' and '-i' are used in a simple combination of forms while functioning respectively, and then grammaticalized into an adverb derivative conjunction that cannot be separated, and become a discourse marker again. In-depth research on this process of change and the characteristics that appear in the process will not only be related to the study of adverbs, but will also be meaningful research related to discourse markers or grammaticalization. In addition, it is expected to have an important meaning in dialect research as the elements used as dialects are becoming centralized. 복합 파생접사 ‘-시리’는 형용사 파생접사와 부사 파생접사 각각의 개별 기능에 충실하기 때문에 ‘-스럽다/시럽다’와 결합 가능한 상태성 어기와 주로 결합한다. 하지만 결합 가능한 어기가 점차로 확장되면서 형용사 파생접사인 ‘-스럽다/시럽다’가 결합할 수 없는 선행 어기와도 결합하여 활발한 쓰임을 보인다. 이러한 ‘-시리’는 구성 요소 ‘-시럽-’과 ‘-이’가 각각의 기능을 하는 것이 아니기 때문에 융합된 파생접사라 볼 수 있을 것이다. 그리고 ‘-시리’의 기능 확대는 보다 더 진행되어 연결어미 ‘-게’ 뒤에 결합하여 강조의 담화표지로 기능을 하게 되며, 나아가 이런 강조 기능은 ‘-게시리’를 화자의 감정을 드러내는 양태기능이 두드러진 종결어미로 쓰일 수 있도록 한다고 보았다. 두 개의 파생접미사 ‘-시럽-’과 ‘-이’가 분리될 수 없는 하나의 부사 파생접사로 문법화하고, 이것이 다시 담화표지화하는 현상을 고찰하고, 그 변화 양상에 대해서 살피는 것은 부사에 대한 연구뿐만 아니라 접사의 담화표지화나 문법화 등과 관련해서도 의미 있는 연구가 될 것이다.

양보 표현과 결합하는 부사 ‘아무리’와 ‘비록’에 대한 연구

목지선 한국어문학회 2020 語文學 Vol.0 No.148

Due to the limited contexts in which they are used, ‘amuri’ and ‘birok’ tend to only combine with concessive expressions. In existing studies and their dictionary definitions, their meaning or syntactic differences are not apparent, nor are their meanings properly provided. This study defines their appearance environment, first defining the terms ‘amuri’ and ‘birok’. Based on their meanings, the study discusses their syntactic limitations and the cause for the appearance of such limitations. First, this study assumes ‘concession, condition, assumption’ that existing studies have taken the semantic function of ‘amuri’ and ‘birok’ as their appearance environment and defined them as ‘concessive condition’. Next, it determined two ways to display the meaning more effectively in the concessive clause. First, it emphasizes the conjunctive ending by reinforcing the meaning of proposition in antecedent clause, so it shows that no matter how strong the antecedent clause is, it does not affect the conjunctive clause. Second, it acknowledges the proposition in the antecedent clause but lowering the value or influence in advance to block the expectation of proposition in antecedent clause on the conjunctive clause. The former is considered the function of ‘emphasis’ or ‘reinforcement’, and the latter as ‘lowering’ or ‘blocking’. This study assumes ‘amuri’ as performing all semantic functions of reinforcement and lowering, and ‘birok’ as performing the semantic function of lowering only. Also, ‘amuri’ is used as both constituent adverb and propositional adverb, while ‘birok’ is only used as propositional adverb. In other words, ‘amuri’ performs the function of emphasis when used as a constituent adverb and the function of lowering when used as a propositional adverb, while ‘birok’ performs the function of lowering as a propositional adverb only. Also, unlike ‘amuri’, ‘birok’ can be used in a context of comparison that contrasts conflicting propositions. In addition, it examines their syntactic characteristics in terms of combining predicate limitations, negative sentence combination limitations, and combined sentence structure limitations. 양보표현과 결합하는 부사 ‘아무리’와 ‘비록’에 대한 기존 연구나 사전의 정의에서는 이들의 의미ㆍ통사적 차이가 잘 드러나지 않고 의미기능도 제대로 제시되어 있지 않다. 이 연구에서는 이들의 출현환경을 ‘양보적 조건’으로 규정하고 양보표현에서 효과적으로 의미를 드러내는 방법을 두 가지로 보았다. 첫째, 선행절의 의미를 강화하고 후행절에서 그 기대를 부정하여, 전제가 강해도 후행절에 영향을 미치지 못함을 나타냄으로써 후행절을 강조하는 것이다. 둘째, 선행절 명제를 인정하나 가치나 영향력을 낮춰 이것이 후행절에 미치는 기대를 미리 차단함으로써 후행절을 강조하는 것이다. 전자는 ‘강조’, ‘강화’ 기능, 후자를 ‘낮춤’, ‘차단’ 기능으로 본다. ‘아무리’는 성분부사일 때는 강조 기능을, 명제부사일 때는 낮춤 기능을 하며, ‘비록’은 명제부사로 ‘낮춤’의 기능만 한다. 그 외에 결합하는 서술어 제약, 부정문 결합 제약, 결합 문형 제약 등 통사적 특징에 대해서도 살폈다.