80년대의 청년 '노동자'-'공돌이·공순이'의 주체적 욕망

류선애 동아대학교 국어국문학과 2007 국어국문학 Vol.26 No.-

본고에서는 80년대의 노동자-‘공돌이 · 공순이’들이 사회에서 어떻게 소외되었고, 또 그러한 소외 속에서 인간적인 삶을 갈망하는 그들의 욕망에 대해 살펴보았다. 그 결과 이런 현상이 사회의 구조적 모순과 밀접한 관련이 있다는 사실이 도출되었고, 80년대의 시대 상황이 현재와도 매우 닮아 있다는 생각을 하게 되었다. ‘학력자본’과 ‘문화자본’을 가진 엘리트층인 대학생들의, 노동자에 대한 우위적인 상황은 지금도 여전하다. 소위 ‘오봉순이’로 폄하되는 여성들이나 ‘창녀’로 폄하되는 매매춘의 여성들, 그리고 ‘노가다’라고 불리는 일용직에 종사하는남성들의 사회적 지위를 생각해보면 그것을 잘 알 수 있다. 마치 그들과 우리는 딴 세상에 사는 사람들인 것처럼, 그들이 우리 옆을 스쳐지나가기만 해도불쾌하다는 듯한 태도를 내비친다. 이러한 태도의 근원은 1930년대부터 이어져 내려온 이질적 주체에 대한 배제와 포섭의 관계로부터 비롯된 것이라 할수 있다. 그 당시 식민자본주의의 발달로 경제적 부를 얻게 된 사람들은 사회적 지위를 보장받게 되었고, 그렇지 못한 사람들은 ‘비생산적’이라는 금 밖의 영역으로 내몰리게 되었다. 이러한 상황이 그대로 이어져 내려와 80년대에는 ‘학력자본’과 문화자본’을 갖지 못한 노동자들이 사회의 금 밖에 내몰리게 되었고, 그것이 오늘날까지 이어지고 있는 것이다. 한편, 동일한 계급의 사람들 사이에서도, 또 다른 기준으로 사회적 지위의우위가 결정된다. 예를 들어 노동자계급 내에서 여성노동자와 남성노동자의 지위가 다르며 엘리트층으로 표방되는 대학생의 경우, 문화 현상의 하나로 자리 잡은 ‘유행’ 따라잡기에 있어 ‘더 가진 학생’은 ‘덜 가진 학생’보다 급격히 바뀌는 유행을 따르는 것이 좀 더 용이할 것이다. 그리하여 이들의 사회적 지위는 동등한 관계에서 우위적 관계로 전이되는 것이다. 이처럼 한 사회는 개개의 주체들이 보유한 ‘상정자본’(‘학력자본’이나 ‘문화자본’등)으로부터 자신의 사회적 지위가 결정된다고 할 수 있다. 마르크스의 “인간의 의식이 인간의 사회적 존재를 결정하는 게 아니라 인간의 사회적 존재가 인간의 의식을 결정한다”는 말 또한 이러한 상황과 무관하지 않음을 알 수 있다. 즉 주체의 사회적 지위는 주체에 의해 결정되는 것이아니라, 수많은 사회적 관계로부터 비롯되는 것임을.

Anti-allergic Effect of Seungmagalgeun-tang through Suppression of NF-κB and p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation in the RBL-2H3 Cells

류지효,류선애,윤화정,고우신 한의병리학회 2008 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.22 No.6

In previous report, Seungmagalgeun-tang (SGT) could exert its anti-inflammatory actions in the BV-2 microglial cells. However, study on the anti-inflammatory effect of SGT in mast cells has not been identified. Therefore, we examined on the anti-inflammatory effect of SGT on the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and calcium ionophore A23187-induced rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells. SGT inhibited the release of β-hexosaminidase and secretion and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-4 on RBL-2H3 cells, without affecting cell viability. The protein expression level of nuclear factor (NF)-κB (p65) was decreased in the nucleus by SGT. In addition, SGT suppressed the degradation of inhibitory protein IκB-α protein, the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and the expressions of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 mRNA and protein level in RBL-2H3 cells. These results suggest that SGT could be involved anti-allergic effect by control of NF-κB (p65) translocation into the nucleus through inhibition of IκB-α degradation and suppression of COX-2 expression.

Influence of CYP2D6 Polymorphism on the Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Characteristics of Carvedilol in Healthy Korean Volunteers

정이빈,류선애,박제원,이종구,이정연,서두원,이주현,정호상,김정미,오우용 대한의학회 2018 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.33 No.27

Background: Carvedilol is commonly used to treat hypertension as a β- and α1 -adrenoreceptor blocker, but it is metabolized by CYP2D6, and CYP2D6*10 allele is dominant in Asian population. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of CYP2D6 polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) characteristics of carvedilol in healthy Korean volunteers. Methods: A PK/PD study for a single and multiple dosing of carvedilol were conducted. All volunteers in 3 genotypic groups received single oral dose of carvedilol 12.5 mg for 3 days, then 25 mg QD for 5 days, and 12.5 mg QD for another 3 days. PK parameters for carvedilol and its three metabolites were determined using non-compartmental analysis. For PD properties, blood pressure, heart rate, and the chronotropic dose 25 (CD25) value were obtained. Results: The IM_2 group with two *10 alleles (intermediate metabolizers) exhibited lower clearance of carvedilol as well as higher area under the curve (AUC) for O-desmethyl carvedilol. The ratio of CD25 to baseline at multiple dosing was significantly higher in the combined IM group (IM_1 and IM_2) than in the EM group, however, the ratio of CD25 after single and multiple dosing and the other PD markers were not significantly different between the 3 genotypic groups compared with the baseline. Conclusion: These findings showed that CYP2D6 genotype influenced the PK characteristics of carvedilol and no differences in PD response were observed in Korean healthy volunteers. Registered at the ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02286934.

소아 담관낭종의 로봇수술의 초기경험

장은영,장혜경,류선애,오정탁,한석주,Chang, Eun-Young,Chang, Hye-Kyung,Ryu, Seon-Ae,Oh, Jung-Tak,Han, Seok-Joo 대한소아외과학회 2011 소아외과 Vol.17 No.1

Although laparoscopic surgery for hepatobiliary disease in children is possible, it is technically challenging. In an attempt to overcome these difficulties, the da Vinci Robotic Surgical System$^{(R)}$ was used to facilitate the minimally invasive treatment of choledochal Cyst in six children. In early consecutive three cases, we experienced three complications; a case of laparotomy conversion, a case of late stenosis of the hepaticojejunostomy, and a case of leakage from a hepaticojejunostomy. However, in the last three cases the complete resection of the choledochal cyst and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy were performed using the robotic surgical system without complication. We think robot-assisted choledochal cyst resection in children appears safe and feasible, and may increase the variety of complex procedures in pediatric surgical fields.

간과된 식도이물질 impaction으로 인한 만성 종격동농양을 동반한 식도협착 및 식도천공

이성환,인경,류선애,오정탁,한석주 대한외과학회 2009 대한외과학회 학술대회 초록집 Vol.2009 No.11

[Free Paper] 좌측 선행성 관장술과 우측 선행성 관장술의 장기 성적 비교

장혜경,장은영,류선애,최승훈,한석주,오정탁 대한외과학회 2011 대한외과학회 학술대회 초록집 Vol.2011 No.11

[Free Paper] 단일 기관에서 시행한 횡격막 결손에 대한 최소침습수술의 성적

장혜경,장은영,류선애,오정탁,최승훈,한석주 대한외과학회 2011 대한외과학회 학술대회 초록집 Vol.2011 No.11

Inhibitory Effect of Chan-Su on the Secretion of PGE2 and NO in LPS-stimulated BV2 Microglial Cells

김민희,류지효,류선애,홍상훈,김원일,윤화정,고우신 한의병리학회 2008 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.22 No.5

Chan-Su (Venenum bufonis) has long been for a variety of other purposes including treatment of inflammation in the folk medicine recipe. Since nitric oxide (NO) is one of the major inflammatory parameters, we first studied the effects of Chan-Su on NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Chan-Su inhibited the secretion of NO in BV2 microglial cells, without affecting cell viability. The protein level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was decreased by Chan-Su. And Chan-Su also inhibited production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-12, were inhibited by Chan-Su in a dose-dependent manner. And Chan-Su inhibited the degradation of IκB-α, which was considered to be inhibitor of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, one of a potential transcription factor for the expression of iNOS, COX-2 and proinflammatory cytokines. These results suggest that Chan-Su could exert its anti-inflammatory actions by suppressing the synthesis of NO through inhibition of IκB-α degradation.

Effects of CYP2C19 Genetic Polymorphisms on PK/PD Responses of Omeprazole in Korean Healthy Volunteers

박선이,현양진,김유란,이주현,류선애,김정미,오우용,나한성,이종구,서도원,황인영,박제원,장인진,오재성,최승은 대한의학회 2017 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.32 No.5

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of CYP2C19*2 and *3 genetic polymorphisms on omeprazole pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) responses. Twenty-four healthy Korean volunteers were enrolled and given 20 mg omeprazole orally once daily for 8 days. The genotypes of CYP2C19 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (*2, *3, and *17) were screened. The plasma concentrations of omeprazole, omeprazole sulfone, and 5-hydroxy (5-OH) omeprazole were determined by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The noncompartmental method was used for the determination of PK parameters. Change of mean pH and proportion (%) of time of gastric pH above 4.0 were estimated. The poor metabolizer (PM) group had the lowest metabolic ratio and exhibited the highest area under the curve (AUC) for omeprazole among the CYP2C19 phenotype groups. The PM group showed the greatest change of mean pH and the highest % time of gastric pH above 4.0. The relationship between AUC of omeprazole and % time of gastric pH above 4.0 was confirmed. The study demonstrates that CYP2C19*2 and *3 influence the PKs and PDs of omeprazole in Korean healthy volunteers. Clinical trial registry at the U.S. National Institutes of Health (https://clinicaltrials.gov), number NCT02299687.

Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor Reduces Hepatic Stiffness in Pediatric Chronic Liver Disease Patients Following Kasai Portoenterostomy

한석주,장혜경,장은영,류선애 연세대학교의과대학 2016 Yonsei medical journal Vol.57 No.4

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to define the role of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors (COX-2i) in reducing hepatic fibrosis in pediatric patients with chronic liver disease. Materials and Methods: From September 2009 to September 2010, patients over 2 years old who visited our outpatient clinic for follow-up to manage their chronic liver disease after Kasai portoenterostomy for biliary atresia, were included in this study. Volunteerswere assigned to the study or control groups, according to their preference. A COX-2i was given to only the study group after obtaining consent. The degree of hepatic fibrosis (liver stiffness score, LSS) was prospectively measured using FibroScan, and liver function was examined using serum analysis before and after treatment. After 1 year, changes in LSSs and liver function were compared between the two groups. Results: Twenty-five patients (18 females and 7 males) were enrolled in the study group. The control group included 44 patients (26 females and 18 males). After 1 year, the least square mean values for the LSSs were significantly decreased by 3.91±0.98 kPa (p=0.004) only in the study group. Serum total bilirubin did not decrease significantly in either group. Conclusion: COX-2i treatment improved the LSS in patients with chronic liver disease after Kasai portoenterostomy for biliary atresia.