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한국 노인에서의 Executive Clock Drawing Task(CLOX) 정상규준 연구
김신겸,이동영,서은현,추일한,김지욱,도연자,김기웅,주진형,윤종철,박신영,우종인 대한신경정신의학회 2009 신경정신의학 Vol.48 No.6
Objectives The CLOX (an executive clock drawing task) consists of an unprompted task that is sensitive to executive function (CLOX1) and a copied version that is more dependent on visuoconstructive function (CLOX2). This study aimed to explore the effects of age, education, and gender on the performance of the CLOX and to provide normative information on the test in the Korean elderly. Methods We administered the CLOX to 608 community-dwelling healthy volunteers aged 60-90, excluding people with serious neurological, medical, and psychiatric disorders, including dementia. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to assess the relative contributions of the demographic factors to the CLOX scores. Results Education had a considerable influence on performance of both CLOX1 and CLOX2. Age and gender also had significant effect on both. There were significant interactions between education and gender for both CLOX1 and CLOX2. We also found interactions between education and age on CLOX2. Based on these results, we created normative data for the CLOX, stratified by age (60- 74 and 75-90 years), education (0-3, 4-9, and 10+ years), and gender. Conclusion Our normative data, based on a large, healthy elderly population, provides accurate reference information on CLOX performance and should be very useful for proper interpretation of CLOX scores in the Korean elderly.
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박준혁,최진영,윤종철,이원혜,정지운,도연자,최은애,이석범,주진형,이동영,김기웅 대한신경정신의학회 2008 신경정신의학 Vol.47 No.2
Objectives : We developed the Korean version of Severe Mini-Mental Status Examination (SMMSE-K) which is a brief cognitive test for the severely demented patients. Methods : The translation was carried out keeping the basic structure of the English version Severe Mini-Mental Status Examination (SMMSE). The SMMSE-K, Korean version of Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE-KC), and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) were administered to 84 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and 36 cognitively normal elderly subjects. For evaluating the reliability of the SMMSE-K, Cronbach alpha coefficient, inter-rater reliability, and test-retest reliability were examined. For confirming the validity of the SMMSE-K, the correlations of the SMMSE-K with MMSE-KC and CDR were examined, and factor analysis was performed using principal component analysis with Varimax rotation. Results : SMMSE-K was found to have a high internal consistency (Cronbach alpha coefficient=0.906, P<0.01), inter-rater reliability (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.980, P<0.01) and test-retest reliability (Pearson correlation coefficient= 0.940, p<0.01). Performances on the SMMSE-K and MMSE-KC were found to correlate significantly in the subjects with CDR of 2 (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.827, P<0.001) and 3 (Pearson correlation coefficient= 0.929, P<0.001). In the subjects with CDR of 3, the MMSE-KC showed a floor effect (2.93±3.21), whereas the SMMSE-K did not (11.00±8.48). Exploratoiy factor analysis yielded two factors (automatic informational processing, controlled informational processing) accounting for 76.1% of the total variance. Conclusion : The SMMSE-K was found to be a reliable and valid test for assessing the cognition of severely demented patients.
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노년기 주관적 기억력 감퇴의 예측인자 : 한국인의 건강과 노화에 관한 종적 연구 결과
유지민,김기웅,박준혁,이석범,최은애,최진영,정지운,도연자,노현아,박영선,이동영,우종인 大韓神經精神醫學會 2007 신경정신의학 Vol.46 No.6
Objectives : We investigated the predictors of subjective memory complaints in the community-dwelling normal elderly. Methods : This study was conducted as a part of Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging (KLoSHA). 747 non-demented community-dwelling elderly aged 65 years or older were recruited. All participants underwent clinical evaluation for dementia and psychiatric disorder conformed to the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD-K.) Clinical Assessment Battery and Korean version of Mini-Intemational Neuropsychiatric Interview, res-pectively. Word list recall test, frontal assessment battery, Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE-KC) and Korean version of Geriatric depression scale (GDS-K) were administered to evaluate episodic memory, frontal function, global cognition and depression, respectively. Subjective memory complaint was defmed in two different ways: worse than one's past (SMC-P) and worse than others of one's age (SMC-O). Results : In highly educated elderly, minor depressive disorder (0R=7.23, 95% C.I.= 2.29-22.86) and frontal dysfunction (0R=2.48, 95% C.I.= 1.29-4.77) significantly increased the risk of SMC-O. However, they did not influence the risk of SMC-P. In low educated elderly, both the minor depressive disorder and frontal dysfunction did not influence the risk of SMC-0 as well as that of SMC-P. Conclusion : SMC-O can be a sensitive subjective recognition of mild depression and/or frontal dysfunction in highly edu-cated normal elderly.
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한지원(Ji Won Han),김태희(Tae Hui Kim),주진형(Jin Hyeong Jhoo),박준혁(Joon Hyuk Park),김정란(Jeong Lan Kim),유승호(Seung Ho Ryu),문석우(Seok Woo Moon),추일한(Il Han Choo),이동우(Dong Woo Lee),윤종철(Jong Chul Yoon),도연자(Yeon Ja Do) 대한노인정신의학회 2010 노인정신의학 Vol.14 No.1
Objectives : This study aimed to present the normative information of the Mini-Mental State Examination-Dementia Screening (MMSE-DS) and its short form (SMMSE-DS) in the Korean elderly. Methods : The MMSE-DS was administered in a standardized manner to 1,008 healthy volunteers aged 60 years or over recruited from participants in the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging or from volunteers in the National Dementia Screening and Registry Program. The SMMSE-DS was consisted of 13 items from the MMSE-DS based on the diagnostic accuracy of individual items for dementia. Results : Age and educational level were found to have significant effect on the SMMSE-DS score, but sex was not. Based on this result, overlapping age normative table (60 to 74, 70 to 84, and 75 to 90 years of age) with 4 educational strata (0 to 3 years, 4 to 6 years, 7 to 12 years and 13 years and more) was developed for the SMMSE-DS. For resulting 12 normative units, 5 percentile, lower quartile, median, upper quartile, mean, standard deviation and -1.5standard deviation were calculated. Conclusion : The normative data from this study can be widely used as reference values to objectively interpret the MMSE-DS and SMMSE-DS scores of the Korean elderly.
KCI
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