대통령의 성격유형과 리더십 스타일에 관한 사례 연구: 박정희,김영삼 대통령을 대상으로

김종석 ( Jong Suk Kim ) 서울대학교 한국행정연구소 2010 行政論叢 Vol.48 No.3

본 연구는 대통령에 대한 심리학적 연구의 이론적 기반을 구축하기 위해 「융(C. J. Jung)의 심리학적 유형론」을 토대로 분석모형을 만들고, 이를 이용하여 박정희·김영삼 두 전직 대통령의 성격과 리더십 스타일간의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 분석모형을 적용한 결과 박정희 대통령은 융의 심리학적 유형론에서 `내향적 사고형`에 속하며, 제 2기능인 직관이 발달한 `내향적 사고직관형`으로 분류된다. 박대통령 리더십 스타일에는 내향적 사고형의 장점이 잘 반영되어 국가발전에 긍정적으로 작용하였다. 반면에 단점도 리더십 스타일에 반영되어 부정적 영향을 미쳤다. 그러나 이러한 분석모형으로는 설명할 수 없는 점도 있었다. 과정의 합리성을 무시하고 목표를 위해서 수단과 방법을 가리지 않았고, 한 맺힌 가난에서 벗어나기 위하여 경제개발을 최고의 정책목표로 삼았다는 것이다. 김영삼 대통령은 `외향적 감정형`에 속하며 제 2기능인 감각이 발달한 `외향적 감정감각형`으로 볼 수 있다. 김 대통령은 외향적 감각형의 장점인 `뛰어난 정치적 감각과 순발력`을 발휘하여, 취임 직후 군내부 파벌 해체 등을 통한 군 개혁에 성공하였다. 그렇지만 외향적 감정감각형의 또 다른 장점들은 제대로 보여주지 못했다. 그러나 단점으로 나타날 수 있는 정책의 일관성 결여는 두드러져서 대북정책이나 재벌정책, 외교정책 등에서 지속적으로 반복되었다. 김대통령의 리더십에서도 이러한 분석모형으로 설명할 수 없는 점들이 있었다. 김 대통령은 `항상 남의 관심을 끌려고 하며 과시적이고 변덕스럽고 즉흥적인 태도`를 보여 주었는데, 이러한 양상은 히스테리성 인격의 행동과 아주 비슷한 것이었다. This study made an analytical model based on Jung`s psychological types to establish a theoretical frame for the psychological study of the president, and analyzed President Park Chung Hee and President Kim Young Sam. President Park Chung Hee belonged to the introverted thinking-intuition type. The strength of the introverted thinking-intuition type was well reflected in President Park`s leadership style and worked positively for national development. He had an ardent wish to reform reality to meet his ideal and was eager to drive policy to realize it. He called on talented men and put the right man in the right place. On the other hand, the weakness of theintroverted thinking-intuition type was also reflected in President Park`s leadership style and had a negative result. His self-conceit made him keep Korea under his despotic rule, and his personality of revealing hislikes and dislikes was the basis for unbalanced economic development among regions and classes. Regionalism became more severe as a result. President Kim Young Sam belonged to the extroverted feeling-sensation type. He successfully and flexibly carried out the reform of the military with an excellent political sense. He also established the real-name financial system and made public officials disclose their assets. However, other strengths of the extroverted feeling-sensation type were not reflected in President Kim`s leadership style. He was recognized as friendly and broad-minded before becoming president, but he did not show such traits after becoming president. On the other hand, the weakness of the extroverted feeling-sensation type was highly reflected in President Kim`s leadership style and had a negative impact. The lack of economic and diplomatic policy consistency was repeated during President Kim`s term of office. President Kim`s fickle and improvisational behavior reflected more of a histrionic personality.

척수 신경 자극기 삽입부 감염의 치험례

김종석,오득영,서제원,이중호,이종원,안상태,Kim, Jong-Sok,Oh, Deuk-Young,Seo, Je-Won,Lee, Jung-Ho,Rhie, Jong-Won,Ahn, Sang-Tae 대한성형외과학회 2010 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.37 No.1

Purpose: Nowadays spinal cord stimulator is frequently used for the patients diagnosed as complex regional pain syndrome. The lead is placed above the spinal cord and connected to the stimulation generator, which is mostly placed in the subcutaneous layer of the abdomen. When the complication occurs in the generator inserted site, such as infection or generator exposure, replacement of the new generator to another site or pocket of the abdomen would be the classical choice. The objective of our study is to present our experience of the effective replacement of the existing stimulation generator from subcutaneous layer to another layer in same site after the wound infection at inexpensive cost and avoidance of new scar formation. Methods: A 50-year-old man who was diagnosed as complex regional pain syndrome after traffic accident received spinal cord stimulator, Synergy$^{(R)}$ (Medtronic, Minneapolis, USA) insertion 1 month ago by anesthetist. The patient was referred to our department for wound infection management. The patient was presented with erythema, swelling, thick discharge and wound disruption in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. After surgical debridement of the capsule, the existing generator replacement beneath the anterior layer of rectus sheath was performed after sterilization by alcohol. Results: Patient's postoperative course was uneventful without any complication and had no evidence of infection for 3 months follow-up period. Conclusion: Replacement of existing spinal cord stimulation generator after sterilization between the anterior layer of rectus sheath and rectus abdominis muscle in the abdomen will be an alternative treatment in wound infection of stimulator generator.

복부 피하조직으로의 폐흡충증 이소기생 치험례

김종석,서병철,김영진,전영준,Kim, Jong-Sok,Seo, Byeong-Chul,Kim, Young-Jin,Jun, Young-Joon 대한성형외과학회 2010 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.37 No.4

Purpose: Paragonimiasis is infectious disease occurred by Paragonimus Westermani, which invades into human body as a final host. Habitual eating the freshwater crab or crawfish unboiled is one of the reason of infection. Paragonimiasis raged in 1970s in Korea, Japan, China and other Asian countries but the incidence decreased rapidly. Once people eat infected second host, parasite penetrates the duodenal wall and migrates to the lung. During this migration period, the parasite can migrate to other organ, such as brain, spinal cord, liver and subcutaneous tissue, but the cases are rarely reported. The objective of our study is to present our experience of the ectopic migration of parasite to the subcutaneous tissue of the abdomen, which was easily treated with excision and Praziquantel medication. Methods: A 59-year-old woman who likes eating unboiled freshwater crab was diagnosed as Paragonimiasis 15 months ago. Her symptoms were fever and cough, and she was treated with Praziquantel medication. 3 months after discharge, she visited our hospital with left pleuritic chest pain, cough with fever, and palpable mass formation on left lower quadrant of the abdomen. Wedge resection of the left lung and Praziquantel medication was maintained for a week. Nevertheless, fever persisted after the treatment. The patient received total excision of the abdominal soft tissue mass, and the fever was relieved. Results: Pathologic findings of the mass showed multiple cyst and abscess formation with crystal structure which is suspicious parts of the parasite or calcified egg shells. Uncontrolled fever was relieved after the operation, and there was no evidence of recurrent Paragonimiasis and ectopic migration for 1 year follow up period. Conclusion: Ectopic migration of Paragonimus is rare, but multiple organ can be involved. Patient with Paragominiasis who was refractory in fever control after Praziquantel medication or surgical evaluation of the lung should be considered as ectopic migration of the Paragonimiasis.

상호연결망 폴디드 하이퍼-스타 연결망 FHS(2n,n)의 고장 지름

김종석,이형옥,Kim, Jong-Seok,Lee, Hyeong-Ok 한국정보처리학회 2010 정보처리학회논문지 A Vol.17 No.1

고장 지름은 상호연결망의 통신 능률과 신뢰도를 평가하는 중요한 척도 중의 하나이다. 이형옥 외 4인[Folded 하이퍼-스타 그래프의 병렬 경로, 한국정보처리학회논문지, Vol.6, No.7, pp.1756-1769, 1999]은 폴디드 하이퍼-스타 FHS(2n,n)의 노드 중복 없는 경로를 제안하였고, FHS(2n,n)의 고장 지름이 2n-1 이하임을 증명하였다. 본 논문에서는 폴디드 하이퍼-스타 FHS(2n,n)의 개선된 노드 중복 없는 경로를 제안한다. 그리고 FHS(2n,n)의 광역 지름이 dist(U,V)+4이고, 고장 지름이 n+2 이하임을 증명한다. The fault diameter is one of the important measures for transmission rate and reliability of interconnection network. H.-O. Lee et al.[Parallel paths in folded hyper-star graph, Journal of KIPS, Vol.6, No.7, pp.1756-1769, 1999] suggested the node-disjoint paths of FHS (2n,n), and proved that the fault diameter of FHS(2n,n) is less than 2n-1. In this paper, we suggest an advanced node-disjoint paths of FHS(2n,n). We also prove that the wide diameter of FHS(2n,n) is dist(U,V)+4, and the fault diameter of FHS(2n,n) is less than n+2.

학교시설의 공공성

김종석,Kim, Jong-Seok 대한건축사협회 2007 建築士 Vol.2007 No.8

계층적 Folded 하이퍼-스타 연결망(HFH): Folded 하이퍼-스타 연결망을 기반으로 하는 새로운 상호연결망

김종석,이형옥,Kim, Jong-Seok,Lee, Hyeong-Ok 한국정보처리학회 2008 정보처리학회논문지 A Vol.15 No.2

In this paper, we propose a new interconnection network topology, hierarchical folded hyper-star network HFH($C_n,\;C_n$), which is based on folded hyper-star network. Our results show that the proposed hierarchical folded hyper-star network performs very competitively in comparison to folded hyper-star network and hierarchical network HCN(m,m), HFN(m,m) have been previously proposed, when diameter ${\times}$ degree is used as a network cost measure. We also investigate various topological properties of HFH($C_n,\;C_n$) including connectivity, routing algorithm, diameter, broadcasting. 본 논문에서는 Folded 하이퍼-스타 연결망을 기반으로 하는 새로운 상호연결망, 계층적 Folded 하이퍼-스타 연결망 HFH($C_n,\;C_n$)을 제안한다. 그리고 본 논문에서 제안한 HFH($C_n,\;C_n$)가 Folded 하이퍼-스타 연결망과 기존에 제안된 계층적 연결망인 HCN(m,m), HFN(m,m)보다 망비용(지름${\times}$분지수) 측면에서 우수한 연결망임을 보인다. 또한 HFH($C_n,\;C_n$)의 여러 가지 망 성질(연결도, 라우팅 알고리즘, 지름, 방송)을 분석한다.

[ 2^2n-k×2^k] 토러스와 HFN(n,n), HCN(n,n) 사이의 임베딩 알고리즘

김종석,강민식,Kim, Jong-Seok,Kang, Min-Sik 한국정보처리학회 2007 정보처리학회논문지 A Vol.14 No.6

본 논문에서는 $2^{2n-k}{\times}2^k$ 토러스 연결망과 상호연결망 HFN(n,n)과 HCN(n,n) 사이의 임베딩을 분석한다. 먼저, $2^{2n-k}{\times}2^k$ 토러스를 HFN(n,n)에 연장율 3과 밀집율 4로 임베딩 가능함을 보이며, 평균연장율이 2 이하임을 증명한다. 그리고 $2^{2n-k}{\times}2^k$ 토러스를 HCN(n,n)에 연장율 3으로 임베딩 가능함을 보이며, 평균 연장율이 2 이하임을 증명한다. 또한 HFN(n,n)과 HCN(n,n)이 $2^{2n-k}{\times}2^k$ 토러스에 임베딩하는 연장율이 O(n)임을 보인다. 이러한 결과는 토러스에서 개발된 여러 가지 알고리즘을 HCN(n,n)과 HFN(n,n)에서 효율적으로 이용할 수 있음을 의미한다. In this paper, we will analysis embedding between $2^{2n-k}{\times}2^k$ torus and interconnection networks HFN(n,n), HCN(n,n). First, we will prove that $2^{2n-k}{\times}2^k$ torus can be embedded into HFN(n,n) with dilation 3, congestion 4 and the average dilation is less than 2. And we will show that $2^{2n-k}{\times}2^k$ torus can be embedded into HCN(n,n) with dilation 3 and the average dilation is less than 2. Also, we will prove that interconnection networks HFN(n,n) and HCN(n,n) can be embedded into $2^{2n-k}{\times}2^k$ torus with dilation O(n). These results mean so many developed algorithms in torus can be used efficiently in HFN(n,n) and HCN(n,n).

PMC 모델과 비교진단 모델을 이용한 하이퍼-스타 연결망의 진단도 분석

김종석,이형옥,Kim Jong-Seok,Lee Hyeong-Ok 한국정보처리학회 2006 정보처리학회논문지 A Vol.13 No.1

진단도는 상호연결망의 신뢰도를 측정하는 중요한 요소 중 하나이다. 고장 노드를 진단하기 위한 대표적인 모델로 PMC 모델과 비교진단 모델이 있다. 본 논문에서는 두 모델을 이용하여 정규연결망 하이퍼-스타 HS(2n,n)의 진단도(Diagnosability)가 n임을 보인다. Diagnosability is an important factor in measuring the reliability of an interconnection network. Typical models of fault diagnosis are the PMC and the comparison diagnosis model. In this paper, we prove that the regular network Hyper-Star HS(2n,n) under two models is n-diagnosable.

과다 체중 감량 환자에서의 허리띠 피부지방절제술의 치험례

김종석,서제원,오득영,이중호,안상태,이종원,Kim, Jong-Sok,Seo, Je-Won,Oh, Deuk-Young,Lee, Jung-Ho,Ahn, Sang-Tae,Rhie, Jong-Won 대한성형외과학회 2010 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.37 No.5

Purpose: Obese proportion is increasing universally, estimating more than a billion. So reducing the weight became one of the topic in medical market. Not only diet, exercise, medication, but also many surgical procedures are being developed, such as sleeve gastrectomy, gastric bypass surgery. After massive weight loss, skin excess and laxity occurs, leading to unsatisfying body contour. Body contouring surgery including abdominoplasty, breast reduction is performed when skin excess is present in abdomen and breast. When skin excess is present circumferentially, belt dermolipectomy is the treatment of choice. Methods: A 23-year-old man had weight gain since he was 12 of age. A year before visiting to our department, his height was 168 cm, weight was 150 kg and body mass index (BMI) was 53.15 kg/$m^2$. The patient lost 55 kg of his weight through exercise and diet control. When he visited again, his weight was 95 kg and BMI was 33.66 kg/$m^2$. In physical examination, skin excess and laxity was seen in both breast and abdomen circumferentially and lateral folds were seen in the back. Abdominal contour deformity (Pitman classification type 6) and pseudogynecomastia (grade 3) were present in both breast. Belt dermolipectomy of abdomen, both breast and lateral folds was performed, resecting 6,400 g of tissue and additive 1,200 g through revisional operation. Results: The patient lost 6,500g of his weight and BMI reduced by 2.3 kg/$m^2$. The patient's hospital course was uneventful during 5 weeks of hospitalization and he was satisfied with his final body contour. Conclusion: Body contouring with belt dermolipectomy in patient who has circumferential skin excess and laxity after massive weight loss can be a treatment of choice.

새로운 교육환경제안을 위한 학교공원

김종석,Kim, Jong-Seok 대한건축사협회 2006 建築士 Vol.2006 No.8