IL-15에 의한 류마티스관절염 환자 활막 섬유모세포에서의 SDF-1 유도

박영은 ( Young Eun Park ),김성일 ( Sung Il Kim ),박성후 ( Seong Hu Park ),백승훈 ( Seung Hoon Baek ),오혜좌 ( Hye Jwa Oh ),허양미 ( Yang Mi Heo ),조미라 ( Mi La Cho ) 대한류마티스학회 2010 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.17 No.3

Objective: Interleukin-15 (IL-15) recruits and activates synovial T cells, and IL-15 plays an important role in amplifying and perpetuating inflammation in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is a potent chemoattractant for memory T cells in the inflamed RA synovium. This study investigated the effect of IL-15 on SDF-1 production in RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). Methods: The expressions of IL-15 and SDF-1 were determined from the synovium of patients with RA and osteoarthritis (OA) by performing immunohistochemistry. The expressions of SDF-1 was measured from the RA FLS that were cultured with IL-15 and IL-17 by real-time RT-PCR and ELISA. The SDF-1 expression was also measured, via ELISA, from the RA FLS stimulated by IL-15 together with the inhibitors of such intracellular signal molecules as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase, LY294002), STAT3 (AG490), MAP Kinase (PD98059), NF-κB (parthenolide) and activator protein 1 (AP-1, curcumin). Results: IL-15 and SDF-1 were mainly expressed in the RA synovium compared to that of the OA synovium. IL-15 increased the SDF-1 expressions and it, and had an additive effect with IL-17 on the SDF-1 expressions in the cultured RA FLS. The IL-15 induced increase of the SDF-1 expression in the cultured RA FLS was blocked by the inhibitors of PI 3-kinase, NF-κB and AP-1. Conclusion: The SDF-1 expression was increased in the RA synovium and it was up-regulated by IL-15 in the RA FLS through the PI 3-kinase, NF-κB, and AP-1 pathways. These results imply that the IL-15 induced increase of the SDF-1 expressions may be involved in the immunopathogenesis of RA.

류마티스 관절염 동물 모델에서 활막의 RANKL/OPG mRNA 발현 비율 및 IL-17의 효과

이준희 ( Jun Hee Lee ),김근태 ( Geun Tae Kim ),류선 ( Sun Ryu ),김주인 ( Ju In Kim ),백승훈 ( Seung Hoon Baek ),김성일 ( Sung Il Kim ) 대한류마티스학회 2006 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.13 No.2

Objective: To investigate the synovial mRNA expression of receptor activator of NFκB (RANK), RANK ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and RANKL/OPG mRNA expression ratio, and to evaluate the effects of IL-17 in experimental rheumatoid arthritis (RA) model. Methods: After induction of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) by type II collagen in DBA1 mice, mice were anesthetized at day 28 and a small aperture in the skin of the knee was performed. Mice, in which arthritis of knee was present, were selected and divided into 3 groups, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS group), IL-17 (IL-17 group) or anti-IL-17 monoclonal antibody (anti-IL-17 group) was injected to both knee joint at day 28 and 32. At day 35, mice were sacrificed and synovium of knee joints were isolated. Synovial mRNA expression of RANKL, RANK and OPG was assessed by real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemical stain. Results: Synovial RANKL and RANK mRNA expressions were significantly different among IL-17, PBS, anti-IL-17 and normal group (IL-17>PBS>anti-IL-17>normal group), and synovial OPG mRNA expressions in PBS, IL-17 and anti-IL-17 group were significantly high than those in normal group, however, there was no significant difference among IL-17, PBS and anti-IL-17 group. RANKL/OPG mRNA ratio was significantly different among these groups (IL-17>PBS>anti-IL-17>normal group). In immunohistochemical stain, RANKL, RANK and OPG-positive cells were expressed at synovium. Conclusion: Synovial RANKL/OPG mRNA ratio was enhanced in CIA, and IL-17 induced higher RANKL/OPG ratio in the synovium of CIA, which was blocked by anti-IL-17 antibody. These results suggest that RANKL/OPG mRNA ratio play an important roles on bone destruction, and IL-17 may be actively involved in bone destruction by enhancing RANKL/OPG ratio in CIA model.

Interleukin-17이 배양된 류마티스관절염 활막세포에서 vascular endothelial growth factor 생성에 미치는 영향

곽임수 ( Ihm Soo Kwak ),남태수 ( Tae Soo Nam ),나하연 ( Ha Yeon Rha ),서정탁 ( Jeung Tak Suh ),김유선 ( Yoo Sun Kim ),김성일 ( Sung Il Kim ) 대한류마티스학회 2001 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.8 No.3

Objective: To investigate the the effects of interleukin-17 (IL-17) on the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from cultured rheumatoid arthritis synoviocytes. Methods: Fibroblast-like synovial cells(FLS) were prepared from the synovial tissues of rheumatoid arthritis patients and cultured in the presence of IL-17, IL-17 with or without transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-1β(IL-1β). VEGF levels were determined in the culture supernatants by sandwitch ELISA. Results: Stimulation of FLS by serial concentration of IL-17, TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-1β increased the production of VEGF by 2.1-2.7, 2.2-3.0, 2.0-2.9, 2.3-3.1 fold over the constitutive levels of unstimulated FLS. Stimulation of FLS by IL-17 with TGF-β or TNF-α or IL-1β also increased the production of VEGF according to culture periods by 1.6-1.8, 1.1-1.9, 1.5-1.7 fold over the levels stimulated with TGF-β or TNF-α or IL-1β, respectively. This results indicated that IL-17 increased the effect of TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-1β on FLS, leading synergistic enhancement of VEGF production. Conclusion: IL-17 may be involved in the neovascularization in rheumatoid synovitis by enhancing the production of VEGF.

프리스트레스트 강합성 거더의 모달테스트 및 이동 열차하중 해석에 의한 동적거동

김성일,이필구,이정휘,여인호,Kim, Sung Il,Lee, Pil Goo,Lee, Jung Whee,Yeo, In Ho 한국강구조학회 2006 韓國鋼構造學會 論文集 Vol.18 No.6

구조적 경제적 효율성을 갖춘 다양한 형태의 철도교량이 중소경간 적용을 위해 개발되고 있다. PSC 거더의 긴장방법 차이에 따른 단면효율화, 허용응력이 서로 다른 강재와 콘크리트를 효율적으로 합성시킨 형태의 교량 들이 개발되고 있으며, 본 연구에서 다루는 프리스트레스트 강합성 거더도 그 중 한 예이다. 프리스트레스트 강합성 거더 교량은 구조적 개념에 따라 형고 및 자중을 줄이고 경간을 장대화할 수 있는 장점을 갖고 있다. 그러나, 이와 같은 장대화된 보다 유연한 교량은 상대적으로 동적거동이 불리 할 수 있으며, 특히 철도교량의 경우 일정간격으로 반복되는 열차하중에 대한 공진 검토가 필수적이며, 동적응답의 검토 시 정확한 동특성 입력은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 정확한 고유진동수 및 감쇠비 추출을 위하여 실물 모형을 제작하여 모달테스트를 수행하였다. 모달테스트를 위한 가진방법으로 기존의 충격햄머와 디지털 콘트롤에 의한 가진기를 사용하였으며, 구조물 손상 후 동특성 변화 고찰을 위한 모달테스트도 수행하였다. 모달테스트 결과에 의한 동특성 값을 주행열차하중 해석에 적용하여 다양한 매개변수연구를 통한 철도교량 동적거동을 분석하였다. 동적처짐, 충격계수, 상판의 연직가속도, 단부꺾임각 등에 대하여 열차별, 속도별 동적해석을 수행하여 국내외 철도교량 동적성능 평가기준과 비교하였다. Various PSC and steel-concrete composite railway bridges are being developed for short-medium spans with structural and economic efficiency. According to the design concept, the prestressed composite girder bridge has the advantages of being lightweight and having low girder depth, with the capacity for long spans. However, the dynamic behavior under a passing train is one of the critical issues concerning these railway bridges designed with more flexibility. Therefore, it is very important to evaluate the modal parameters before performing dynamic analyses. In this paper, real-scale prestressed composite girders were fabricated as a test model and modal testing was carried out to evaluate modal parameters including natural frequency and modal damping ratio. During the modal testing, a digitally controlled vibration exciter as well as an impact hammer was applied to obtain frequency-response functions, and the modal parameters were also evaluated after the fracture of test models. With application of reliable properties from modal tests, the estimation of dynamic performances of prestressed composite girder railway bridges can be obtained from various parametric studies on dynamic behavior under the passage of a moving train.

이더넷 광 네트워크 구현을 위한 1.25 Gbps 광전 트라이플렉스 트랜시버 모듈의 전기적 혼신의 분석

김성일,이해영,Kim Sung-Il,Lee Hai-Young 대한전자공학회 2005 電子工學會論文誌-SD (Semiconductor and devices) Vol.42 No.3

본 논문에서는 이더넷 광 네트워크 구현을 위한 핵심 부품인 1.25 Gbps 광전 트라이플렉스 트랜시버 모듈(Opto-electric triplex transceiver module)의 동작성능 안정화를 위하여 모듈내에서 발생되는 전기적 혼신을 해석 및 측정하였으며, 혼신 감소를 위한 가상접지선(Dummy ground line)이 포함된 신호선 구조를 제안하였다. 광전 트라이플렉스 트랜시버 모듈은 전기신호를 광신호로 바꾸어 전송하는 송신부(Laser diode), 디지털 변조되어 입력된 광신호를 전기신호로 변환하는 디지털 수신부 (Digital photodetector)와 고해상도의 CATV (Community antenna or access television) 신호를 수신하는 아날로그 수신부 (Analog photodetector)가 실리콘 기판(Silicon substrate) 상에 하이브리드 집적되어 구성된다. 디지털 수신부와 아날로그 수신부의 수신감도는 각각 BER(Bit error rate) : $10^-{12}$에서 -24 dBm과 44 dB의 신호대잡음비(Signal-to-noise ratio, SNR)에서 -7.7 dBm을 만족해야하므로 모듈 내의 전기적 혼신은 DC에서 3 GHz까지 - 86 dB이하로 유지되어야한다. 전기적 혼신의 해석 및 측정 결과, 실리콘 기판상의 광원과 디지털 광검출기, 디지털 광검출기와 아날로그 광검출기 사이의 거리를 4 mm 이상 확보하며, 가상접지선을 디지털 광검출기와 아날로그 광검출기의 신호선과 $100\;{\mu}m$ 간격으로 설치하였을 경우, -86 dB 이하의 전기적 혼신 레벨을 만족할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 가상접지선을 사용하는 방법은 실리콘 기판상에 신호선을 형성할 때 동시에 형성할 수 있으므로 별도의 추가비용 없이 구현할 수 있으며, 단순히 광원 및 광 검출기의 사이간격을 충분히 확보하는 방법에 비하여 실리콘 기판의 크기를 감소시켜 최종 모듈의 크기를 약 $50\%$ 감소시킬 수 있다는 장점이 있다. In this paper, we analyzed and measured the electrical crosstalk characteristics of a triplex transceiver module for ethernet Passive optical networks(EPONS). And we improved the electrical crosstalk levels using Dummy ground lines with signal lines. The triplex transceiver module consists of a laser diode as a transmitter, a digital photodetector as a digital data receiver, and a analog photodetector as a community antenna television signal receiver. And there are integrated on silicon substrate. The digital receiver and analog receiver sensitivity have to meet -24 dBm at $BER=10^{-l2}$ and -7.7 dBm at 44 dB SNR. And the electrical crosstalk levels have to maintain less than -86 dB from DC to 3 GHz. From analysis and measurement results, the proposed silicon substrate structure that contains the Dummy ground line with $100\;{\mu}m$ space from signal lines and separates 4 mm among devices respectively, is satisfied the electrical crosstalk level compared to simple structure. This proposed structure can be easily implemented with design convenience and greatly reduced the silicon substrate size about $50\%$.

Quatrz 웨이퍼의 직접접합과 극초단 레이저 가공을 이용한 체내 이식형 혈압센서 개발

김성일,김응보,소상균,최지연,정연호,Kim, Sung-Il,Kim, Eung-Bo,So, Sang-kyun,Choi, Jiyeon,Joung, Yeun-Ho 대한의용생체공학회 2016 의공학회지 Vol.37 No.5

In this paper we present an implantable pressure sensor to measure real-time blood pressure by monitoring mechanical movement of artery. Sensor is composed of inductors (L) and capacitors (C) which are formed by microfabrication and direct bonding on two biocompatible substrates (quartz). When electrical potential is applied to the sensor, the inductors and capacitors generates a LC resonance circuit and produce characteristic resonant frequencies. Real-time variation of the resonant frequency is monitored by an external measurement system using inductive coupling. Structural and electrical simulation was performed by Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) programs, ANSYS and HFSS, to optimize geometry of sensor. Ultrafast laser (femto-second) cutting and MEMS process were executed as sensor fabrication methods with consideration of brittleness of the substrate and small radial artery size. After whole fabrication processes, we got sensors of $3mm{\times}15mm{\times}0.5mm$. Resonant frequency of the sensor was around 90 MHz at atmosphere (760 mmHg), and the sensor has good linearity without any hysteresis. Longterm (5 years) stability of the sensor was verified by thermal acceleration testing with Arrhenius model. Moreover, in-vitro cytotoxicity test was done to show biocompatiblity of the sensor and validation of real-time blood pressure measurement was verified with animal test by implant of the sensor. By integration with development of external interrogation system, the proposed sensor system will be a promising method to measure real-time blood pressure.

사료 내 생 미강과 볶은 대두의 첨가가 거세한우 등심의 이화학적 특성과 관능적 특성에 미치는 영향

김성일,정근기,김덕영,김진열,최창본,Kim, Sung-Il,Jung, Keun-Ki,Kim, Duck-Young,Kim, Jin-Yeoul,Choi, Chang-Bon 한국축산식품학회 2011 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.31 No.3

본 연구는 거세한우 사료 내 미강과 볶은 대두를 첨가 함으로써 거세한우 도체등심의 이화학적 특성과 관능적 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 실시되었다. 평균 20.92개월령(평균체중 599.89 kg)의 거세한우 36두를 대조구, 시험 1구(미강 첨가구) 및 시험 2구(볶은 대두 첨가구)로 나누고 각각의 처리구는 체중 및 월령을 고려하여 배치하였다(12두/처리구). 미강과 볶은 대두의 첨가 수준은 시험 사료 내 조지방 함량을 5%로 설정하고, 조지방 부족분을 각각의 첨가원료(미강과 볶은 대두)로부터 보충 되도록 설계하였으며, 시험동물이 평균 31.2개월령에 도달할 때까지 314일간 사양시험을 실시하였다. 도체등심의 일반 조성분은 처리구별 뚜렷한 차이는 없었고 가열 감량과 드립 감량도 처리구별 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 체지방 부위에 따른 처리구별 융점은 뚜렷한 차이가 없었으나, 체지방 부위별 융점은 등심지방($25.83-26.17^{\circ}C$), 피하지방($17.26-18.53^{\circ}C$) 및 신장지방($32.40-33.15^{\circ}C$)이 서로 다른 범위를 나타내었다. 도체등심의 단맛과 관련이 있는 유리 아미노산은 시험 1구가 39.48 mg/100 g으로서 대조구의 32.24mg/100 g에 비하여 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높게 나타났으며, 쓴맛과 관련이 있는 유리 아미노산은 시험 2구가 25.93mg/100 g으로서 다른 처리구에 비하여 유의하게(p<0.05) 낮게 나타났다. 도체등심의 지방산 조성 중 $C_{14:0}$, $C_{16:0}$, $C_{16:1}$, $C_{18:0}$ 및 $C_{18:1}$의 함량은 처리구별 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 다가불포화지방산인 $C_{20:3}$은 시험 2구가 다른 처리구에 비하여 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높게 나타났다. 도체등심의 관능평가 결과는 다즙성의 경우 시험 1구가 가장 높게 나타났으며(p<0.05), 종합기호 도의 경우는 시험 1구와 시험 2구가 대조구에 비하여 유의적으로(p<0.05) 높게 나타났다. 도체등심의 관능 평가 항목들과 주요지방산 조성간의 상관관계는 $C_{18:1}$은 연도와, $C_{18:0}$은 풍미와 정(+)의 상관관계(각각 r=0.650 및 0.698; p<0.05)를 나타내었다. 이상의 연구 결과를 종합해 보면 사료 내 미강과 볶은 대두의 첨가가 거세한우 등심의 이화학적 특성에는 처리구별 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았지만 관능적 특성을 개선시키는 데에는 효과적이었던 것으로 나타났다. We investigated melting points and sensory characteristics by adding rice bran and roasted soybean to the finishing diet of Hanwoo steers. Thirty-six Hanwoo steers (average age, 20.92 mon-old; average weight, 599.89 kg) were assigned to either Control, Treatment 1 (rice bran) or Treatment 2 (roasted soybean) groups (12 steers/group), considering body weight and age. Supplementation levels of rice bran and roasted soybean were determined to meet total 5% crude fat in the concentrates, and the experimental animals were fed for 314 d until they reached 31.2 mon old. No significant differences were found in the moisture and crude fat content among groups. Melting points of lipid extracted from M. longissimus dorsi, subcutaneous fat, and perirenal fats were 25.83-26.17, 17.26-18.53 and $32.40-33.15^{\circ}C$, respectively, resulting in remarkable differences depending on fat depots. Contents of free amino acids in M. longissimus dorsi related to sweet taste were 39.48 mg/100 g for Treatment 1, which was significantly (p<0.05) higher than those for Control (32.24 mg/100 g), whereas those related to bitter taste were 25.93 mg/100 g for Treatment 2, which was the lowest (p<0.05) among the groups. Fatty acid composition, such as $C_{14:0}$, $C_{16:0}$, $C_{16:1}$, $C_{18:0}$, and $C_{18:1}$, in M. longissimus dorsi was not different among the groups. Results of a panel test on M. longissimus dorsi showed that Treatment 1 scored the highest (p<0.05) in juiciness, and both Treatments 1 and 2 scored higher (p< 0.05) in overall palatability than the Control group. $C_{18:1}$ showed a positive (+) relationship with tenderness (r = 0.650; p<0.05), and $C_{18:0}$ with flavor (0.698; p<0.05). The results suggest that rice bran and roasted soybean are beneficial for improving M. longissimus dorsi sensory characteristics, whereas no significant differences were found in the physico-chemical characteristics among the groups.

건설산업의 협력적 기업생태계 진단

김성일,장철기,배유진,Kim, Sung-Il,Chang, Chul-Ki,Bae, Yu-Jin 한국건설관리학회 2015 건설관리 : 한국건설관리학회 학회지 Vol.16 No.3

건설산업은 다양한 참여자를 통해 하나의 시설물을 생산하는 것으로 계약의 망에 의해 움직이는 기업생태계의 특성을 가진다. 그간 국내 건설생산체계는 건설기업간 협력적 관계 형성 미비로 고비용, 저효율을 초래해 왔다. 이에 정부는 다양한 정책적 노력을 기울여 왔으나, 실질적인 협력의 성과는 아직 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 기업생태계(business ecosystem)의 시각에서 건설생산체계를 근간으로 하는 건설기업간의 네트워크 방식을 기업생태계로 정의하고, 건설산업의 협력적 기업생태계를 진단하였다. 건설산업의 협력적 기업 생태계 조성을 위해서는 역량형 신뢰 또는 가치공유형 신뢰에 기반을 둔 협력 생태계의 형성이 필요하고, 건설업체간 상호의존도가 높고 협력관계가 지속되어야 하며, 무엇보다도 건설참여자의 수익 공유를 위해 적정공사비를 확보할 수 있는 여건이 마련되어야 한다. A facility is built by participating of various parties who are connecting each other by network of contract. Domestic construction industry has been suffering with high cost and low efficiency due to lack of cooperative relationship among companies who participated in the project. The government has tried to resolve this problem by diverse policy support, but practical result has not been realized in the level of satisfaction. This paper defined construction business ecosystem in the aspect of business ecosystem as a network among construction companies based on diverse production system, and diagnosed cooperative business ecosystem in construction industry. For construction business ecosystem to be more cooperative business ecosystem, the result of diagnosis shows that the type of cooperation based capacity and value sharing should be developed and interdependence among companies and cooperative relationship should be durable and reasonable price for construction should be guaranteed for the participant to have a profit from the project.

전방깊이에 따른 백내장수술 전후의 각막내피세포수의 변화

김성일,나경선,권형구,이현수,김만수,Sung Il Kim,Kyung Sun Na,Hyung Gu Kwon,Hyun Soo Lee,Man Soo Kim 대한안과학회 2010 대한안과학회지 Vol.51 No.12

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of preoperative and postoperative parameters, particularly anterior chamber depth, on corneal endothelial cell loss during cataract surgery. Methods: Eighty-two eyes of 82 patients who underwent cataract surgery by the same surgeon using the same technique were selected for the present study. Various preoperative and postoperative parameters including age, anterior chamber depth, duration and power of phacoemulsification, preoperative endothelial cell density, coefficient of variation, hexagonality, and grade of nucleosclerosis were evaluated. Endothelial cell densities were recorded preoperatively and at two months postoperatively using a noncontact specular microscope. Results: After two months, the mean central endothelial cell loss in all eyes was 8.77%. Among the pre- and post-operative parameters, patient’ age, anterior chamber depth, duration, power, and energy of phacoemulsification and grade of nucleosclerosis showed significant correlation with endothelial cell loss. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis identified age, nucleosclerosis, anterior chamber depth, and phacoemulsification time as independent predictors for endothelial cell loss. Conclusions: The risk of endothelial cell loss increased with increases in patient’ age, nucleosclerosis, and phacoemulsification time. However, eyes with a deep anterior chamber showed a significantly lower risk of endothelial cell loss. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2010;51(12):1568-1572

건설기술용역 발주 및 입·낙찰 방식의 문제점 및 개선방안

김성일,장철기,박대근,배유진,Kim, Sung-Il,Chang, Chul-Ki,Park, Dae-Keun,Bae, Yu-Jin 한국건설관리학회 2014 한국건설관리학회 논문집 Vol.15 No.5

국내 공공건설사업의 건설기술용역업체 선정을 위한 발주 및 입 낙찰방식을 관련법에서 다양하게 제시하고 있으나, 용역업체 선정을 위한 발주 및 입 낙찰 방식 선정 기준 및 틀이 부재한 실정이다. 아울러, 현행 건설기술 용역업체 선정에서 가격중심의 선정 방식이 주로 활용되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 현행 국내 건설기술용역 발주 및 입 낙찰 방식의 실태조사를 통하여 문제점을 도출하고, 건설기술용역사업의 효과적인 성과 도출과 효율성 극대화를 위해 다양한 발주 및 입 낙찰 방식의 활용방안 및 기존 방식의 개선사항 등을 제시하였다. 이러한 개선방안을 통하여 사업의 성격에 부합한 발주 및 입 낙찰 방식의 활용이 가능한 기반을 조성하고, 기존 가격중심에서 탈피하여 기술기반의 평가요소를 반영하여 용역업체를 선정함으로써, 용역업체의 기술력 향상과 해외시장에서의 경쟁력을 강화하는데 기여 할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. Various procurement systems for Architecture-Engineering service for public construction project are currently established by construction-related law. However, comprehensive framework and criteria for the selection of Architecture-Engineering firm are in absence. Even though various selection methods for Architecture-Engineering service are currently established by law, cost-based selection method is mainly used in selecting Architecture-Engineering firm for the service. This paper examined current use of procurement system for Architecture-Engineering service and drew problems in practice. Through analysis of problems and bench-marking of those systems in advanced countries and international organizations, several strategies to improve performance of Architecture-Engineering service and to maximize the efficiency were suggested. The suggestions include framework and guideline to select a procurement method for the service which is being considered for the project and way of improving current procurement system. These suggestions will be a foundation for utilizing appropriate procurement system for the specific project and can make domestic Architecture-Engineering firm more competitive in the global market by breaking form the cost-based selection method in the selection of Architecture-Engineering firms.