Preparation and thermal properties of new poly(enaryloxynitriles) = 새로운 poly(enaryloxynitriles)의 합성과 그 열적 성질

김병구배장순공명선Kim, Byung-GuBae, Jang-SoonGong, Myoung-Seon 檀國大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1995 論文集 Vol.7 No.-

삼림의 다목적 경영을 위한 식생의 분류와 분석 - 팔공산 동화사 지역을 중심으로 -

김병구,조현제,이병천,홍성천 ( Byeong Ku Kim,Hyun Je Cho,Byeong Cheon Lee,Sung Cheon Hong ) 한국산림과학회 1988 한국산림과학회지 Vol.77 No.1

This research was to establish the fundamental materials for the preservation and multiple-purpose management of forest vegetation of Dong Hwa Sa area located in the south facing slope of Mt. Pal-Gong. Analysis of forest vegetation of this area was studied by the method of Gentaro Toyohara, based on ZM School method and Pfister. The results obtained were summarized as follows. (1). Forest vegetation in this area divided into mountain forest and valley forest. (2). Mountain forest divided into A. Pinus densiflora community, B. Carpirtus laxiflora community, C. Quercus mongolica community. (3). Valley forest was formed mostly of Zelkova serrata community. (4). Piraus densiflora community divided into 1. Pines densiflora typical group, 2. Pines densiflora-Alnus hirsuta group, 3. Pines densiflora-Ilex macropoda group. (5). Quercus mongolica community divided into 1. Pinus densiflora-Carpinus cordata group, 2. Prunus sargentii-Hydrangea serrata for. acuminata group, (6). Zelkova serrata community divided into 1. Acer mono group, 2. Vine plant group. A vegetation analysis based on concepts and methods developed by Robert, D. Pfister and Gentaro Toyohara was considered to be effective on providing a guiding principle for a multiple-purpose management of forestry and a three-dimensional utilization of forest, but it is not easy for us to utilize such a analysis method because we are not rich in the materials of analysis of vegetation to our forest. Thus, It is necessary that we should collect much materials to various parts of forest in order that may utilize this method of analysis of vegetation.

어린이 건강과 우유

김병구,Kim, Byeong-Gu 한국유가공협회 1990 牛乳 Vol.42 No.-

한.IAEA 협력 50주년과 Coming Nuclear Renaissance "그래도 원자력이다"

김병구,Kim, Byeong-Gu 한국원자력산업회의 2007 원자력산업 Vol.27 No.8

새로운 Poly ( enaryloxynitriles ) 의 합성과 그 열적 성질

김병구,배장순,공명선 ( Byung Gu Kim,Jang Soon Bae,Myoung Seon Gong ) 한국공업화학회 1995 공업화학 Vol.6 No.4

주쇄에 다양한 화학 구조를 가진 새로운 poly(enaryloxynitriles)을 p-bis(1-chloro-2,2-dicyanovinyl)benzene (2)과 sulfide, sulfone, azo, acetal, imide, ether 그리고 ester 결합을 포함한 디 페놀 유도체의 나트륨 염과 계면중합에 의하여 합성하였다. 생성된 중합체는 고유 점도가 0.12∼0.45 dL/g이었으며 중량 평균 분자량은 9000∼12000이었다. 그들 중합체는 극성 반양자성 용매에 매우 잘 녹았으며 alkyl, acetal, ester를 가진 diphenol로부터 합성된 중합체는 THF나 aceton에도 매우 잘 녹았다. 그러나 중합체의 DMF 용액으로 부터 용매 증발후 단단하고 부서지시 쉬운 막이 형성되었다. 중합체들은 350℃에서 열경화 반응이 진행되어 불용성 물질이 형성되었다. 거의 모든 중합체가 350∼450℃사이에서 10% 중량 감량을 유지하였으며, 500℃에서 잔사량은 70∼85%로서 열안정성을 보여주었다. New poly(enaryloxynitriles) with a variety of chemical structure in the main chain were prepared by interfacial polymerization of p-bis(1-chloro-2,2-dicyanovinyl) benzene (2) with disodium salts of diphenol derivatives containing sulfide, sulfone, azo, acetal, imide, ether and ester group. The resulting polymers possess inherent viscosities of 0.12∼0.45 dL/g and Mw in the range 9000∼12000. They are easily soluble in polar aprotic solvents. The polymers derived from diphenols with alkyl, acetal and ester units were even soluble in common organic solvents such as THF and acetone. Brittle and hard films can be cast from DMF solutions. These polymers show a large exotherm in differnetial scanning calorimetry and undergo a curing reaction around 350℃ to form insoluble materials. Almost all the poly (enaryloxynitriles) retained a 10% weight loss being recorded between 350∼450℃ in nitrogen and displayed 70∼85% residual weight at 500℃.

RF 마그네트론 스퍼터링법에 의한 $SrTiO_3$박막제조와 유전특성

김병구,손봉균,최승철,Kim, Byeong-Gu,Son, Bong-Gyun,Choe, Seung-Cheol 한국재료학회 1995 한국재료학회지 Vol.5 No.6

차세대 LSI용 유전체 박막으로서의 응용을 목적으로 RF 마그네트론 스퍼터링법으로 Si기판위에 SrTiO$_3$박막을 제조하였다. Ar과 $O_2$혼합가스 비, 바이어스 전압변화, 열처리 온도등의 증착조건을 다양하게 변화시키며 SrTiO$_3$박막을 제조하여 최적의 증착조건을 조사하였다. 박막의 결정성을 XRD로, 박막과 Si 사이의 계면의 조성분포를 AES로 각각 분석하였다. Ar과 $O_2$의 혼합가스를 스퍼터링 가스로 사용함으로써 결정성이 좋은 박막을 얻었다. 그리고 보다 치밀한 박막을 얻고자 바이어스 전압을 걸어주며 증착시켰다. 본 실험결과에서는 스퍼터링 가스는 Ar+20% $O_2$혼합가스, 바이어스 전압은 100V에서 좋은 결정성을 얻었다. 또한 하부전극으로 Pt, 완충층으로 Ti를 사용함으로써 SrTiO$_3$막과 Si 기판과의 계면에서 SiO$_2$층의 형성을 억제할 수 있었으며, Si의 확산을 막을 수 있었다. 전류 및 유전특성을 측정하기 위해 Au/SrTiO$_3$/Pt/Ti/SiO$_2$/Si로 구성된 다층구조의 시편을 제작하였다. Pt/Ti층은 RF 스퍼터링으로, Au 전극은 DC 마그네트론 스퍼터링법으로 증착시켰다 $600^{\circ}C$로 열처리함에 의해 미세하던 결정림들이 균일하게 성장하였으며, 이에 따라 유전율이 증가하고 누설전류가 감소하였다. $600^{\circ}C$에서 열처리한 두께 300nm의 막에서 유전율은 6.4fF/$\mu\textrm{m}$$^2$이고, 비유전상수는 217이었으며, 누설전류밀도는 2.0$\times$$10^{-8}$ A/$\textrm{cm}^2$로 양질의 SrTiO$_3$박막을 제조하였다. Strontium titanate(SrTiO$_3$) thin film was prepared on Si substrates by RF magnetron sputtering for a high capacitance density required for the next generation of LSTs. The optimum deposition conditions for SrTiO$_3$thin film were investigated by controlling the deposition parameters. The crystallinity of films and the interface reactions between SrTO$_3$film and Si substrate were characterized by XRD and AES respectively. High quality films were obtained by using the mixed gas of Ar and $O_2$for sputtering. The films were deposited at various bias voltages to obtain the optimum conditions for a high quality file. The best crystallinity was obtained at film thickness of 300nm with the sputtering gas of Ar+20% $O_2$and the bias voltage of 100V. The barrier layer of Pt(100nm)/Ti(50nm) was very effective in avoiding the formation of SiO$_2$layer at the interface between SrTiO$_3$film and Si substrate. The capacitor with Au/SrTiO$_3$/Pt/Ti/SiO$_2$/Si structure was prepared to measure the electric and the dielectric properties. The highest capacitance and the lowest leakage current density were obtained by annealing at $600^{\circ}C$ for 2hrs. The typical specific capacitance was 6.4fF/$\textrm{cm}^2$, the relative dielectric constant was 217, and the leakage current density was about 2.0$\times$10$^{-8}$ A/$\textrm{cm}^2$ at the SrTiO$_3$film with the thickness of 300nm.

표면 개질된 활성탄소 섬유의 Propylamine 탈착과 XPS 분석

김병구,양범호,Kim Byeoung-Ku,Yang Burm-Ho 한국연초학회 2005 한국연초학회지 Vol.27 No.1

Activated carbon fiber (ACF) was surface modified by nitric acid to improve the adsorption efficiency of the propylamine. The adsorption amount of propylamine of the modified ACF increased $17\%$ more than that of as-received ACF. Desorption of propylamine from the propylamine saturated ACF was occurred in two steps, the first step started arround $50^{\circ}C$ showing the desorption of physically adsorbed propylamine and the second step started at $200^{\circ}C$ showing the decomposition of chemically adsorbed propylamine. Total desorption amount of propylamine from the modified ACF was larger than that of the as-received ACF because of increased functional groups. The oxygen and nitrogen contents on the modified ACF increased by 1.5 and 3 times compared with the as-received ACF. A part of propylamine adsorbed on ACF formed pyridine-like or pyrrolic structures with 2 carbons exposed on the surface of the ACF. It was found that propylamine reacted with strong or weak acidic functional groups such as -COOH or -OH existed on ACF surface.

민유임영임단을 중심으로 한 임업노동력 소요 , 공급분석

김병구,최관 ( Byeong Ku Kim,Kwan Choi ) 한국산림과학회 1997 한국산림과학회지 Vol.86 No.3

This study was conducted to estimate future need and supply of labor in forestry in Korea. To estimate future labor demand, it was hypothesized that 3,503 thousand hectares of privately-owned forest land will need to be managed for normal forest development. At each step in the forest management process, the work-force requirement was estimated. To estimate future labor supply, 520 rural residents were interviewed to reveal their willingness to be employed in forestry under four hypothetical wage rates. From those, 490 questionnaires were used to develop a probability function for labor supply. Based on this function, it was estimated that 39,190 forest workers will be needed per year for the next ten years. This labor needs will be met between the years 2003 and 2004 if the real wage rate rises 5% per year, and in 2001 if wages increase 7% annually. This assumes a base salary of 32,200 Won. However, if the wage rate remains constant at the 1995 level of 32,200 Won, then the labor deficit will be perpetuated.

Clinical Significance of Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Patients with Ruptured Aneurysms

김병구,Hack-Gun Bae,윤석만,윤일규,심재준,Sung-Ho Kim 대한뇌혈관외과학회 2010 Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neuros Vol.12 No.2

Objective : The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical significance of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in patients with ruptured aneurysms. Methods : Of 1034 patients who were admitted to our hospital with ruptured aneurysms between 1994 and 2007, 128 (12.4%) had IVHs. The clinical, radiologic characteristics, and surgical outcomes in the IVH group were compared with the no-IVH group. Results : The IVH group had a shorter time interval to admission. The incidence of IVH was significantly higher in patients > 70 years of age (p=0.021), males (p=0.000), alcohol abusers (p=0.039), patients with a Glagow Coma Scale (GCS) 8 (p=0.000), and patients with a Hunt and Hess grade of 4-5 (p=0.000). IVH was more common in patients with ruptured posterior circulation aneurysms (p=0.000) and anterior communicating artery aneurysms (p=0.036). The incidence of thick, diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH; p=0.004), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) >10 cc (p=0.006), rebleeding (p=0.010), and shunt-dependant hydrocephalus (p=0.000) was significantly higher in the IVH group than the no-IVH group. The mortality rate in the IVH group was significantly higher than the no-IVH group (48.4% versus 22.1%). The amount of IVH had an influence on the mortality; IVH involving all of the ventricles (59.7%) and IVH only involving some of the ventricles (33.9%) was associated with a 6.6- and 2.3-fold higher mortality than the no-IVH group, respectively. IVH was significantly associated with a poor surgical outcome; however, this association was not significant in patients with a GCS 8, or histories of rebleeding or seizures. Conclusions : In patients with ruptured aneurysms, IVH reflects the clinical severity of SAH. IVH has a negative influence on surgical outcome, except in patients with a poor clinical status pre-operatively. (Kor J Cerebrovascular Surgery 12(2):61-69, 2010) Objective : The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical significance of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in patients with ruptured aneurysms. Methods : Of 1034 patients who were admitted to our hospital with ruptured aneurysms between 1994 and 2007, 128 (12.4%) had IVHs. The clinical, radiologic characteristics, and surgical outcomes in the IVH group were compared with the no-IVH group. Results : The IVH group had a shorter time interval to admission. The incidence of IVH was significantly higher in patients > 70 years of age (p=0.021), males (p=0.000), alcohol abusers (p=0.039), patients with a Glagow Coma Scale (GCS) 8 (p=0.000), and patients with a Hunt and Hess grade of 4-5 (p=0.000). IVH was more common in patients with ruptured posterior circulation aneurysms (p=0.000) and anterior communicating artery aneurysms (p=0.036). The incidence of thick, diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH; p=0.004), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) >10 cc (p=0.006), rebleeding (p=0.010), and shunt-dependant hydrocephalus (p=0.000) was significantly higher in the IVH group than the no-IVH group. The mortality rate in the IVH group was significantly higher than the no-IVH group (48.4% versus 22.1%). The amount of IVH had an influence on the mortality; IVH involving all of the ventricles (59.7%) and IVH only involving some of the ventricles (33.9%) was associated with a 6.6- and 2.3-fold higher mortality than the no-IVH group, respectively. IVH was significantly associated with a poor surgical outcome; however, this association was not significant in patients with a GCS 8, or histories of rebleeding or seizures. Conclusions : In patients with ruptured aneurysms, IVH reflects the clinical severity of SAH. IVH has a negative influence on surgical outcome, except in patients with a poor clinical status pre-operatively. (Kor J Cerebrovascular Surgery 12(2):61-69, 2010)

질 병-돼지의 가성광견병 근절지침(2)

김병구,Kim, Byeong-Gu 대한양돈협회 1986 養豚 Vol.8 No.5