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김건혁,송홍지,박경희,노혜미,이은영,이효은,김하윤,박유진 대한가정의학회 2018 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.39 No.2
Background: Time to first cigarette after waking is an indicator of nicotine dependence. We aimed to identify the association between time to first cigarette and spirometry-proven obstructive respiratory impairment, especially chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, in current smokers.Methods: We included 392 subjects who visited the comprehensive medical examination center of Hallym Univer-sity Sacred Heart Hospital between July 2014 and September 2015. Subjects with lung disease or anemia were ex-cluded. Obstructive pulmonary impairment was defined as <70% of the predicted value of forced expiratory vol-ume in 1 second/forced vital capacity. Subjects were classified into the early (≤30 minutes) and late (>30 minutes) groups based on the time to first cigarette. Logistic regression and linear regression analyses were used for data analysis.Results: Ninety-eight subjects (25%) were classified into the early group. After adjusting for smoking behaviors (cig-arettes per day and smoking duration), socioeconomic status (education and income), age, and physical activity, an early time to first cigarette was found to be associated with an increased risk of obstructive pulmonary impair-ment measured using spirometry (adjusted odds ratio, 2.84; 95% confidence interval, 1.22–6.61).Conclusion: Compared to current smokers with a late time to first cigarette, those with an early time to first ciga-rette had a higher risk of obstructive pulmonary impairment, especially chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Classifying smoking-related behaviors, especially time to first cigarette, may help target clinical screening for chron-ic obstructive pulmonary disease.
계면활성제(주방용 세제)를 이용한 아스파라거스 파총채벌레 방제효과
전신재,이준기,이준호,김건혁,김삼규 강원대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2020 강원 농업생명환경연구 Vol.32 No.3
Thrips are among the most important pests of asparagus. The most effective method to control this pest is to regularly apply insecticides. A total of 152 pesticides have been registered for the control of asparagus pests. However, asparagus are harvested on a daily basis, and the application of insecticides to control thrips during harvest season is not ideal due to the residual effect of the insecticide used. In this study, the efficacy of dish detergent was tested against onion thrips, a major pest of fresh asparagus in Gangwon province, South Korea. The detergent treatment showed that 82% and 93% of onion thrips were controlled (i.e., were either killed or expelled from the spear) by the detergent treatment at both low temperature (4°C) and room temperature (22°C), compared to 30.2% and 52.5% by the control water treatment, respectively. Nonetheless, though detergent can be used to control thrips in asparagus, approximately 8 dead thrips remained in the asparagus spear heads. Thus, thorough washing using water with high pressure is recommended to remove dead thrips from the asparagus spear heads.
밤나무조림지(造林地) 시비처방(施肥處方)에 의한 밤 증수효과(增收效果)
이종석,홍인표,김선경,정인구,서호석,강창호,김규헌,심경용,김건혁 한국임학회 1980 한국산림과학회지 Vol.47 No.1
全國 밤나무 造林地中 '74年以前 (5年生以上) 1團地 10 ha以上 植栽地 19個所 各道別 밤나무 施肥示範地로 選定精密 土壤調査 및 土壤詩料分析에 依據 施肥處方을 하여 科學的施肥를 實施한 當該年度의 밤 增收結果를 다음과 같다. 1. 收穫可能面積 301ha에서 施肥處方前 總 收穫 992.3입로서 ha 當 3입이며 施肥處方後 總收穫 4,106.2입로서 ha當 13.6입의 收穫으로 約 5倍의 밤 增收效果를 거두었다. 2. 本 施肥示範地는 大部分이 幼令林 (7∼13年生)이므로 年間 自然增收量은 前年度의 10%∼45% 範圍diamfh 施肥處方에 依한 施肥區는 慣行施肥區보다 平均 4倍 以上의 增收效果를 가져왔으며 最少 2倍 最高 29倍까지의 增收效果가 있었다. 3. 施肥處方의 基準은 pH 4.8∼5.8이 되도록 함과 同時에 T-N 0.1∼0.2% P₂O_5 200∼700ppm, K₂O 0.6∼1.0me/100g, Mg 0.5∼1.0me/100g, B₂O₃ 0.3∼3.0ppm, CaO 0.8∼2.0me/100g Na 0.15∼0.20me/100g로 調整되도록 處方하였다. 4. 大略慣行施肥보다 10倍 以上 增收된 施肥區에서의 土壤分析値를 比較하여 보면 다음과 같다. <도표 생략>