Latitude and Altitude Affects the Distribution and Population Features of Osmia spp. in Korea

곽규원,이영보,Kathannan Sankar,Su Jin Lee,이경용 한국잠사학회 2024 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.48 No.1

Reports of a global decline in pollinator populations, especially mason bees, have raised concerns regarding the maintenance of pollination interactions. Although addressing local factors causing bee decline is a potential mitigation strategy at the landscape scale, regional rates and high-latitude threats to bee diversity are unclear. We investigated the distribution of mason bees (Osmia. spp. (O. pedicornis, O. corniforns, O. taurus, and O. satoi) and measured species richness and species ratios at regional, latitudinal, and altitudinal scales. We examined the association between bee species richness and three putative environmental conditions: high-low, altitude-dependent, and latitude-dependent. The species richness of the O. pedicornis bee was the highest and it was found between latitudes 35° and 37°, and at 500–600 m in both the northern and southern hemispheres, showing an inverse latitudinal gradient of bee species richness in South Korea. Mason bee species richness and global climate are important predictors of flowering plant diversity. Climate change threatens bee and vascular plant diversity; however, the overlap between bee abundance and plant diversity can be improved by employing suitable conservation strategies.

Entomopathogenic fungal infection of Allomyrina dichotoma in mass breeding conditions

곽규원,남성희,최효원,최지영,이석현,김홍근,한명세,박관호 한국잠사학회 2015 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.31 No.1

Increased use of rhinoceros beetles (Allomyrina dichotoma ) for food and medicine, and their elevated value as pets has led to an increase in the number of their breeding farms. Mass breeding of the insects in these farms leads to entomological diseases. In this study, we investigate cannibalism resulting from overcrowded breeding of A. dichotoma larvae, as well as secondary fungal infections in epidermal wounds in the surviving larvae. Some of the fungi detected in the present study showed entomopathogenicity, and the larvae showed different times of death. In particular, larvae infected with Clonostachys sp., an endophytic plant fungus, grew for a long time after infection, but died without pupating

Inhibition of Metarhizium anisopliae infection of Protaetia brevitarsis seluensis larvae using several effective microorganisms

곽규원,권순우,남성희,박관호,김은선,이희삼,최지영,한명세 한국잠사학회 2018 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.36 No.1

The purpose of this study was to determine the best method for minimizing the occurrence of Metarhizium anisopliae infection of Protaetia brevitarsis seluensis during mass breeding on agricultural farms. There is a high demand for the use of P. b. seluensis larvae in animal feed and as food for humans. However, mass breeding results in the entomopathogenic fungal (usually M. anisopliae) infection of P. b. seluensis. A mixture of microorganisms (Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) delayed fungal infection by M. anisopliae, which infected fewer P. b. seluensis when the microorganism mixture was added to sawdust as feed for P. b. seluensis. When sawdust with the effective microorganisms (EM) was given to P. b. seluensis for 30 d, their mortality rate was approximately 35 % less than that of the control group, which was fed sawdust without the EM. In addition, the growth of M. anisopliae on agar media spread with each bacterium as inhibited by up to 80 % more than those spread with 4 % sodium hypochlorite, which is a harmless fungal inhibitor generally used in agricultural farms for disinfection.

진해 및 가덕도 지역 납석광상의 산상과 광물학적 특성

곽규원,황진연,오지호,윤근택,지세정 대한지질학회 2008 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.2008 No.

Detection of Insect Pathogen Serratia marcescens in Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (Kolbe) from Korea

곽규원,한명세,남성희,최지영,이석현,최영철,박관호 한국잠사학회 2014 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.28 No.2

Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (Kolbe) is widely used in Korea, as a protein-rich, alternate,functional food with pharmacological benefits. In addition to anti-oxidant properties, the larvaeof P. b. seulensis also show positive effects against hepatic disorder and diabetes; therefore,P. b. seulensis larvae are being reared on a large scale in Korea. We evaluated reared larvaeof P. b. seulensis from Gyeong-gi in Korea. Using 16SrRNA PCR, electro-microscopy, andbioassay techniques, we found that the larvae harbored Spo-1, a bacterium identified as theinsect pathogen Serratia marcescens . Therefore, we highlight the use of this insect as analternate food and the need for its sanitary rearing conditions, as contamination may affectpublic health.

Comparing the mortality of Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae) caused by entomopathogenic bacteria and Serratia marcescens (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae)

곽규원,한명세,남성희,최지영,이석현,김홍근,박관호 한국잠사학회 2015 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.30 No.2

To investigate whether Serratia marcescens (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae) isolated from Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae) acts as an opportunistic bacterium in peroral infection, the primary entomopathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis (Bacillales: Bacillaceae) and Paenibacillus popilliae (Eubacteriales: Bacillaceae) were added to sawdust to perform a bioassay experiment. We found that peroral infection caused by S. marcescens could be fatal beyond a concentration of 4 × 108 pfu/mL in 2nd stage P. b. seulensis larvae and at 6 × 108 pfu/mL in 3rd stage P. b. seulensis larvae. In particular, mortality resulting from a combination of P. popilliae and S. marcescens was markedly increased in 2nd stage P. b. seulensis larvae. Therefore, we confirmed that mortality was increased when S. marcescens was infected together with other entomopathogenic bacteria, and that peroral infection itself can be fatal beyond certain concentrations

The first report on the characterization of a virus isolated from Allomyrina dichotoma in the Republic of Korea

곽규원,최홍수,남성희,한명세,김은선,박관호,이희삼 한국곤충학회 2019 Entomological Research Vol.49 No.12

This report reveals the structure of a virus extracted from the Korean horn beetle Allomyrina dichotoma. The purified virus particle was 100% identical to Allomyrina virus lef-8 sequence registered as KM_233709.1. The structure of this virus was confirmed to be closely related to that of the Nudiviridae family, and it was rod shaped and enveloped, and observed to be of approximately the mean length of a single viral nucleocapsid of 200– 210 nm and mean diameter of 100–110 nm. These results provide an insight into the structural characteristics of the Nudiviridae family that can be used for nudiviral identification.

Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae consumption on the pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana in Protaetia brevitarsis

곽규원,한명세,남성희,박관호,김은선,이석현,송명하,김원태,최지영 한국잠사학회 2016 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.33 No.1

Beauveria bassiana is a common fungal pathogen of Protaetia brevitarsis larvae, and although it is less common than Metarhizium anisopliae , the pathogen still poses a great risk to humans and animals that consume infected insects, owing to B. bassiana ’s production of toxins like beauvericin and mycotoxin. Interestingly, the beneficial microorganism Saccharomyces cerevisiae possesses antifungal properties. In the present study, we found that S. cerevisiae inhibited the growth of B. bassiana by 97% and that S. cerevisiae failed to harm P. brevitarsis when administered via intracoelomic injection (1×107 cfu/mL). In addition, we also found that S. cerevisiae consumption increased the survival time of percutaneously infected P. brevitarsis larvae by 5 d and reduced the mortality of infected larvae by 12%. Therefore, S. cerevisiae is expected to be useful in the prevention and control of B. bassiana in the production of P. brevitarsis larvae.

온도에 따른 아메리카왕거저리(Zophobas atratus)의 발육 특성

곽규원,김선영,이경용,윤형주 한국응용곤충학회 2022 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.61 No.2

We investigated the developmental characteristics of super mealworm (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) at four different temperatures (25°C, 27°C, 30°C, and 33°C). The rearing conditions were 9L/15D, 65% RH, and 1,330 to 1,800 lux with wheat bran. The length of developmental period of 1 to 18 instars at each temperature showed that 30°C was the shortest at 120.0±5.8 days, compared to that at 27°C (132.6±10.7 days), 33°C (136.5±9.2 days), and 25°C (156.7±7.5 days). The larval developmental period was statistically significantly longer at 25°C, 27°C, and 30°C compared to the length at 33°C. However, the death rate of larvae at 33°C was 2.7-3.3 times higher than the rate at other temperatures. Body weight was heaviest at 30°C followed by 27°C, 33°C, and 25°C. The patterns of head capsule, body capsule, and body length were similar to that of body weight. Regression analyses of developmental period, larval body weight, and length according to temperature revealed 29-30°C as the most suitable temperature. The prepupa rate was 43.1% in 17 instars, 30.3% in 18 instars, 15.4% in 16 instars, 7.1% in 19 instars, 2.2% in 15 instars, and 1.9% in 20 instars, accounting for 88.8% in 16-18 instars. Prepupal period was longer at lower temperatures. For the average prepupal period of 15-18 instars, prepupa time was 18.8±1.9 days at 27°C, 18.8±2.3 days at 30°C, 23.0±2.4 days at 33°C, and 23.1±2.9 days at 25°C. The average pupal period of females and males was 11.1±2.2 and 11.6±2.4 days, respectively. The data indicate that the most suitable rearing temperature of super mealworm was 30°C. 국내에서 한시적 식용 곤충으로 등록된 아메리카왕거저리의 사육에 적합한 온도를 규명하고자 온도별 발육특성을 조사하였다. 25°C, 27°C, 30°C, 33°C 등 4개의 온도(9L/15D, 65% R.H., 1330-1800 lux 조건)에서 1-18령까지 발육기간은 30°C가 120.0 ±5.8일로 가장 짧았고, 그 다음이 33°C (132.6±10.7일), 27°C (136.5±9.2일), 25°C (156.7±7.5일) 순이었다. 30°C는 25°C보다 36.7일나 단축되었다. 33°C의 경우, 25°C, 27°C, 30°C에 비해서 폐사율이 2.7-3.3배나 높았다. 33°C를 제외하고 온도가 높을수록 발육기간이 단축되는 경향이었으며, 온도별 발육기간은 고도의 통계적 유의성을 나타내었다. 체중의 경우, 30°C가 가장 무거웠고 그 다음은 27°C, 33°C, 25°C 순이었다. 두폭, 체폭, 체장도 체중과 같은 경향을 보여, 온도 간에 발육의 차이가 확인되었다. 온도와 발육기간, 체중, 체장에 대한 회귀분석 결과, 29-30°C가 가장 적합한 온도이었다. 온도별 전용율은 17령이 43.1%로 가장 높았고, 18령(30.3%), 16령(15.4%), 19령(7.1%), 20령(1.9%)순으로 88.8%가 16령-18령사이에 전용이 되었다. 전용기간(15-20령)은 27°C와 30°C가 각각 18.8±1.9일, 18.8±2.3일이었고, 그 다음이 33°C (23.0±2.4일), 25°C (23.1±2.9일) 순으로 온도가 낮을수록 늦어지는 경향이었다. 번데기기간 또한 온도가 높을수록 짧아지는 경향을 나타내었다. 암수 간의 번데기 기간은 각각 11.1±2.2일, 11.6±2.4일로 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과들로 볼 때 아메리카왕거저리의 발육에 적합한 온도는 30°C로 판단된다.

Identification, Characterization, and DNA Sequencing of Nosema bombi in Bumblebees from Gangwon Province, Korea

곽규원,윤형주,최영철,박관호,황재삼,김현애,남성희 한국잠사학회 2013 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.27 No.2

The purpose of this study was to quickly and effectively identify the Nosema disease of bumblebees in Gangwon Province in Korea. Bumblebees are crucial pollinators of various crops, and microsporidia are the critical pathogens of these hosts. When bumblebees are infected with Nosema bombi, their abdomens can become distended. Paralyzed and infected workers often become sluggish and die early. We have identified the morphology of the microsporidium by light and electron microscopy, and found it to have fairly small oval spores, as has been described previously in many other articles. For the specific and sensitive diagnosis of the microsporidian parasite N. bombi in bumblebees, we have developed an improved method of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for expeditious diagnosis. Two pairs of primers were tested on N. bombi and the related microsporidia Nosema apis and Nosemasp., both of which infect Bombus ignitus and Bombus hypocrita sapporoensis. Furthermore, we have verified and analyzed the 16SrRNA sequence data of N. bombi in bumblebees by using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) server at the National Center for Biotechnology Information.