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尹馨珠,李相夢,文在裕 한국잠사학회 1987 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.29 No.1
In the hemolymph proteins of the silkworm reared with mulberry leaves and artifcial diet, electrophoretic patterns of Storege Protein 1 (SP1) and Vitellogenin(VG), changes of relative concentration of SP1, JHA effects during the developmental stages, and estimation of the molecular weight of vitellin subunits were investigated in the present study. 1. Storage Protein 1 (SP1) showed female specificity from the middle stage of the fifth instar to the end of spinning stage in the silkworm reared with mulberry leaves and artificial diet. 2. Vitellogenin (VG) showed female specificity just after pupation in the silkworm reared with mulberry leaves and artificial diet. 3. Storage Protein 2 (SP2) without female specificity was detected from the early stage of the fifth instar to the first or second day after pupation. 4. Vitellin was composed of two non-identical subunits (vitellin·heavy chain; VTL-H, vitellinlight chain; VTL-L) with molecular weight of 186,000 and 41,000. Also, there were no differences between the molecular weights of vitellin subunits obtained from silkworms reared with mulberry leaves and artificial diet. 5. Relative concentration of Storage Protein 1 (SP1) after topical application - 0, 5, and 10μg per body weight - of JHA on the 60th hour of the fifth instar showed the highest increase with the treatment of 5μg and a higher increase with the treatment of 10μg compared with the control(no topical application of JHA).
Optimal Cold Temperature for the Artificial Hibernation of Bombus ignitus Queen Bumblebees
윤형주,이경용,김미애,안미영,박인균 한국잠사학회 2013 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.26 No.2
Bumblebees are widely used to pollinate various greenhouse crops. Among the different bumblebee species, Bombus ignitus is indigenous to Korea, China, Japan and Russia. B. ignitus undergoes one generation per year, and artificial hibernation is essential for year-round rearing of the bumblebee. Keeping the queens under low-temperature conditions for several months is an effective method for terminating their diapause and promoting colony development. In the present study, we investigated how cold temperature affects the artificial hibernation of B. ignitus queens. Under chilling temperatures of -2.5°C, 0°C, 2.5°C and 5°C with constant humidity >80%, the queens stored at 2.5°C exhibited the highest survival rates, which were 74.0% at one month, 67.0% at two months, 60.0% at three months, 46.0% at 4 months, 33.0% at 5 months and 24.0% at 6 months. Lower survival rates were observed at 0°C, 5°C, 7.5°C and 12.5°C. At 2.5°C the colony developmental characteristics after diapause were 1.2- to 1.5-fold greater than those when queens were stored at 5°C. Thus, 2.5°C and 70% R.H. were the most favorable chilling temperature and humidity conditions for terminating the diapause of B. ignitus queens.
윤형주,이경용 한국잠사학회 2014 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.28 No.2
Bumblebees are important pollinators of crops and wildflowers. The Korean native bumblebee,Bombus ignitus , undergoes one generation per year, and induction of artificial hibernationis essential for year-round rearing of the bumblebee. Keeping queens under cold treatmentconditions for several mo is an effective method for terminating their diapause and promotingcolony development. In the present study, we investigated how the timing and duration ofchilling affect the artificial hibernation of B. ignitus queens. In the timing assessment, coldtreatment was instituted at 12 d, 40 d, or 100 d after eclosion under a constant temperatureof 5°C and 80% humidity. The queens that entered cold treatment at 12 d after emergenceevidenced the highest survival rates: 86.7% at two mo, 73.3% at three mo, and 46.4% at4 mo. Survival rates were reduced under storage conditions at 12 d, 40 d, and 100 d afteremergence. When queens were subjected to chilling at 8 d, 12 d, or 16 d after eclosion withconstant 80% humidity, the queens stored at 12 d after eclosion exhibited the highest survivalrates, which were 84.6 at one mo, 25.0% at two mo, and 7.9% at three mo. In regards to theduration of the cold period, the queens that hibernated for at least two mo evidenced optimalcolony development rates. The rates of oviposition, colony foundation, and progeny-queenproduction of queens hibernated for two mo were 60.0%, 30.0%, and 13.3%, respectively. These values were 6.0 to 13.3 times higher than those in the queens that hibernated for 15 d. Therefore, a cold period of at least 2 mo applied 12 d after emergence were found to be themost favorable conditions for diapause break inB . ignitus queens.
구면좌표계를 이용한 우주비행체 간의 상대 운동 방정식 및 자동 도킹을 위한 적응 제어기법
윤형주,은영호,박찬덕 한국항공우주학회 2013 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2013 No.11
우주비행체 간의 상대 위치를 측정하는 레이저/레이더 기반의 측정장치는 시선 방향을 나타내는 두개의 각도와 상대 거리로 이뤄진 구면좌표계 시스템을 이용한다. 따라서, 위성 간의 상대운동을 구면좌표계를 이용하여 나타내게 되면 많은 이점을 가지게 되지만, 운동방정식이 매우 복잡하기 때문에 제어기를 설계하는 데에 많은 어려움이 따른다. 본 연구에서는 3 차원 타원 궤도상의 두 우주비행체 간의 상대 운동을 기술하는 운동방정식을 구면좌표계를 이용하여 나타내고, 이를 다시 일반적인 2 차 운동방정식의 형태로 나타내었다. 이런 과정을 통하면, 기존에 개발된 제어기법들을 활용하여 쉽게 제어기를 설계할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 추력기 오정렬이 존재하는 경우에 자동 도킹을 수행하는 적응 제어 문제를 예로 들어 운동방정식과 제어기법을 검증하였다. The relative motion between two spacecraft is generally measured by the laser/radar-based equipment, which uses a spherical coordinate system. Therefore, the use of the spherical coordinates system is beneficial in the relative motion controls. However, the equation of motion is extremely complicated with the spherical coordinates, and thus it is highly challenging to develop control logics. In the present study, the equations of relative motion in three-dimensional elliptical orbit are expressed using the spherical coordinates, and then converted into the general form of 2nd-order dynamic equations. This general form enables easy and simple developments of control logics by utilizing pre-existing control algorithms. Finally, in order to validate the dynamic equations and the controller design scheme, an adaptive tracking control in the presence of thruster axes misalignment is presented with a numerical example.
윤형주,이명렬,진병래,손흥대,김삼은,이상범,김익수,배진식 한국잠사학회 2004 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.8 No.1
Phylogenetic relationships were analyzed among bumblebees using a portion of mitochondrial (mt) 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA). Eight species of true bumblebees and one species of cuckoo bumblebee (Bombini, Apidae), collected from Korea were included in the analysis. Also, one species of true bumblebee imported from several foreign countries for pollination was included. The length of mt 16S rRNA sequence ranged from 496 bp to 508 bp and sequence divergence ranged from 1.4% (7 bp) to 15.49% (77 bp). As expected, a high A+T content was observed (78.5% on average). According to the phylogeny tree derived from parsimony and maximum likelihood analysis, a monophyletic Bombus species, excluding a single cuckoo bumblebee, Psithyrus coreanus, was obtained, but the bootstrap estimate at the node supporting the monophyletic group was very weak (40% or 46%), suggesting a very close relationship of the cuckoo bumblebee to the true bumblebee. Within Bombus species belonging to identical subgenera subgeneric specific clustering was formed with high bootstrap values, implying validity of the subgeneric names of each species: Pyrobombus for B. ardens ardens and B. modeatus; Megabombus for B. consobrinus wittenburgi and B. koreanus; and Bombus s. str. for B. ignitus, B. hypocrita sapporoensis, and B. terrestris.