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Latitude and Altitude Affects the Distribution and Population Features of Osmia spp. in Korea
곽규원,이영보,Kathannan Sankar,Su Jin Lee,이경용 한국잠사학회 2024 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.48 No.1
Reports of a global decline in pollinator populations, especially mason bees, have raised concerns regarding the maintenance of pollination interactions. Although addressing local factors causing bee decline is a potential mitigation strategy at the landscape scale, regional rates and high-latitude threats to bee diversity are unclear. We investigated the distribution of mason bees (Osmia. spp. (O. pedicornis, O. corniforns, O. taurus, and O. satoi) and measured species richness and species ratios at regional, latitudinal, and altitudinal scales. We examined the association between bee species richness and three putative environmental conditions: high-low, altitude-dependent, and latitude-dependent. The species richness of the O. pedicornis bee was the highest and it was found between latitudes 35° and 37°, and at 500–600 m in both the northern and southern hemispheres, showing an inverse latitudinal gradient of bee species richness in South Korea. Mason bee species richness and global climate are important predictors of flowering plant diversity. Climate change threatens bee and vascular plant diversity; however, the overlap between bee abundance and plant diversity can be improved by employing suitable conservation strategies.
Kyeong Yong Lee,Sankar Kathannan,Young Bo Lee,Hyung Joo Yoon 한국양봉학회 2022 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.37 No.4
Bee traffic at the hive entrance can be used as an important indicator of foraging activity. We investigated the flight speed and patterns of honeybees and bumblebees near their hives as a basis for calculating bee traffic using the image deep learning. The flying speed of bumblebees (0.48±0.36 m/s) near the hive was 1.4 times faster than that of honeybees (0.35±0.21 m/s). The flight speed of honeybee leaving the hive (0.54±0.33 m/s) was 1.7 times faster than that when entering the beehive (0.32±0.18 m/s). Distance from the hive and flight speed showed a positive correlation (honeybee r=0.600, bumblebee 0.659), and a significant linear regression model was derived (honeybee R2=0.516, bumblebee 0.433). The flight pattern near the hive differed significantly according to bee at entering and leaving the hive. Honeybees mainly showed flight that changed flight direction more than once (69.5%), whereas bumblebees mainly performed straight flight (48.7%) or had a single turn (36.5%) in flight. When bees entered the hive, honeybees primarily showed one-turn or two-turn flight patterns (88.5%), and bumblebees showed a one-turn flight pattern (48.0%). In contrast, when leaving the hive, honeybees primarily showed a straight flight pattern (63.0%), and bumblebees primarily showed a straight or one-turn pattern (90.5%). There was a significant difference in flight speed according to the flight pattern. The speed of straight flight (0.89±0.47 m/s) was 1.5 to 2.1 times faster than flight where direction changed. In summary, the speed and pattern of bees returning to or leaving the hive were different to from to the hive, and there were also differences between bee species. Therefore, our results can help determine the ideal frame rate for effectively capturing and recognizing the flying image of bees when calculating bee traffic by image deep learning.
Kyeong Yong Lee,Jongho Park,Su Jin Lee,Kyu-Won Kwak,Young Bo Le,Kathannan Sankar,Yong-soo Choi,Dongwon Kim,Taehyun Kim 한국양봉학회 2023 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.38 No.4
Migratory beekeeping has both ecological and economic benefits. The practice, however, has certain drawbacks such as risk of disease transmission and pesticide exposure. The use of Geographic Information Systems (GISs) in migratory beekeeping can potentially mitigate such drawbacks. However, in South Korea, research on or initiatives to incorporate GIS into beekeeping practices are lacking. To address this research gap and to enhance the effectiveness of migratory beekeeping, we have developed a system that incorporates GPS and temperature-humidity sensors into beehives to provide geographical information-based services to beekeepers. To evaluate the utility of this system, we distributed it to 39 migratory beekeepers. As a result, we were able to obtain location information and meteorological data around the migratory beehives during the honey flow season. Furthermore, we collected location information from 19 beehives that moved over 1 km during the study period and calculated the distances traveled. Notably, in early to mid-May, the majority of beehives were distributed in central and northern regions at latitudes 36.4°N or higher, making up more than 70% of the total. However, after June, approximately 40% of the beehives were found to be located in southern regions at latitudes 36°N or lower. The distances traveled by the beehives were longest in early to mid-May and exhibited a temporary increase in mid-June. These results closely corresponded to the general flowering patterns and geographical locations of acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia) and chestnut (Castanea crenata) trees. This study provides empirical data on the routes and distribution of migratory beekeepers during the honey flow season in South Korea, making it a valuable resource for tailoring research and policies to meet the needs of migratory beekeepers.