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고용민,이윤희,이현승,이근영,이혜경,김유진,윤종서,김현희,김진택,이준성 대한 소아알레르기 호흡기학회 2008 Allergy Asthma & Respiratory Disease Vol.18 No.2
Purpose:Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency (IgAD) is the most common primary immunodeficiency disease. The aim of the present study is to analyze clinical manifestations and immunological characteristics of selective IgAD in children. Methods:Twenty-one children aged 1-14 years with the serum IgA level of 2 standard deviation (2 SD) below normal for age who had recurrent infection were enrolled in this study at Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital of the Catholic University of Korea, between January 2006 and August 2007. Recurrent infection was defined as the presence of at least 6 febrile infection episodes per year before this study. Among IgA deficient patients, we excluded panhypogammaglobulinemic patients. Results:The average frequency of admission was 2.2±2.0 per year. The most common causative disease at admission was lower respiratory infection (53.6%). Immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass deficiency was corcurrent in 9 patients (42.9%): deficiency of IgG2 in 1, IgG3 in 5, IgG4 in 1 and IgG3+IgG4 in 2. Five patients (23.8%) had a decrease in CD3+ cells and 8 patients (38%) had a decrease in CD4+ cells. One patient progressed to common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). Serum IgA levels of 76.5% of the patients increased to 2 SD above normal for age after 15.9±4.5 months. Conclusion:The patients with IgAD in this study showed frequent respiratory and gastrointestinal infections and combined with other immunodeficiencies including IgG subclass deficiency. Our data suggest that it is necessary to examine the immunological status including IgA level in patients with frequent infections and that those with IgAD should be observed for the potential progression to CVID. Purpose:Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency (IgAD) is the most common primary immunodeficiency disease. The aim of the present study is to analyze clinical manifestations and immunological characteristics of selective IgAD in children. Methods:Twenty-one children aged 1-14 years with the serum IgA level of 2 standard deviation (2 SD) below normal for age who had recurrent infection were enrolled in this study at Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital of the Catholic University of Korea, between January 2006 and August 2007. Recurrent infection was defined as the presence of at least 6 febrile infection episodes per year before this study. Among IgA deficient patients, we excluded panhypogammaglobulinemic patients. Results:The average frequency of admission was 2.2±2.0 per year. The most common causative disease at admission was lower respiratory infection (53.6%). Immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass deficiency was corcurrent in 9 patients (42.9%): deficiency of IgG2 in 1, IgG3 in 5, IgG4 in 1 and IgG3+IgG4 in 2. Five patients (23.8%) had a decrease in CD3+ cells and 8 patients (38%) had a decrease in CD4+ cells. One patient progressed to common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). Serum IgA levels of 76.5% of the patients increased to 2 SD above normal for age after 15.9±4.5 months. Conclusion:The patients with IgAD in this study showed frequent respiratory and gastrointestinal infections and combined with other immunodeficiencies including IgG subclass deficiency. Our data suggest that it is necessary to examine the immunological status including IgA level in patients with frequent infections and that those with IgAD should be observed for the potential progression to CVID.
Electrically active nanocomposite films using ligand-exchange layer-by-layer assembly
조진한,고용민,정상혁,박민경 한국공업화학회 2015 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.0
Here, we introduce a general and versatile approach for preparing the functional nanocomposite multilayers with unprecedented unique properties via the consecutive adsorption of hydrophobic metal or metal oxide NPs and electrostatically charged components onto substrates.The strategy, amphiphilic LbL assembly using sulfonic acid(SO3-)-functionalized components, is based on the ligand exchange between the stabilizers of hydrophobic NPs in nonpolar solvent and the SO3- groups of PEs in aqueous solution. Our approach highlights the fact that a variety of functional components, ranging from water-soluble/dispersible materials to hydrophobic NPs can be easily and directly incorporated within multilayer films without additional surface modification of pristine NPs or the insertion of additional polymer layers.Another advantage of Janus LbL assembly is that the amount of adsorbed hydrophobic NPs can be controlled by the ionic strength of preadsorbed PE layer, and their packing density is above 50 %. These findings imply that our approach includes the respective advantages of aqueous and organic solvent-based LbL assemblies reported to date, and furthermore can easily incorporate the functional layers with extremely different chemistry of hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties. Based on the high affinity of SO3- groups with metal or metal oxide NPs, it is also demonstrated that reduced graphene oxide with SO3- moieties (rGO-SO3-)can be phase-transferred from aqueous to toluene solvent with the aid of oleic acid (OA)-stabilized Fe3O4 NPs (i.e., OA-Fe3O4 NPs), and this approach can be extended to the preparation of functional colloids (or carbon-based materials) materials allowing the reversible phase transfer between aqueous and nonpolar media. Furthermore, we demonstrate that when the (rGO-SO3-/OA-Fe3O4 NP)n nanocomposite films are applied to supercapacitor electrodes, their energy density can be significantly enhanced within limited volume of electrode due to the high packing density of well-defined Fe3O4 NPs. Given that a variety of hydrophobic inorganic NPs such as OA-Fe3O4, OA-TiO2, OA-MnO,and OA-Ag NPs can be directly LbL-assembled with SO3- group-based materials, our strategy can provide a basis for developing and designing functional nanocomposite films, such as energy storage devices, magnetically-retrievable catalytic or conductive colloids for petrochemical industry, and electronic devices.