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정상혁,박경옥,Jung, Sang-Hyuk,Ostbye, Truls,Park, Kyoung-Ok The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2006 예방의학회지 Vol.39 No.3
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to shed further light on the effect of modifiable health behavior risk factors on dependence in activities of daily living, defined in a multidimensional fashion. Methods: The study participants were 10,278 middle aged Americans in a longitudinal health study, the Health and Retirement Survey (HRS). A multi-stage probability sampling design incorporating the effect of population sizes (Metropolitan and non-metropolitan), ethnicity (the non- Hispanic White, the Hispanic, and the Black), and age (age 51-61) was utilized. Basic Activities of Daily Living (ADL) were measured using five activities necessary for survival (impairment in dressing, eating, bathing, sleeping, and moving across indoor spaces). Explanatory variables were four health behavior risk factors included smoking, exercise, Body Mass Index (BMI), and alcohol consumption. Results: Most participants at baseline were ADL independent (1992). 97.8% of participants were independent in all ADL's at baseline and 78.2% were married. Approximately 27.5% were current smokers at baseline, and the subjects reported moderate or heavy exercise were 74.8%. All demographic characteristics and behavioral risk factors were significantly associated with the ADL status at Wave 4 except alcohol consumption. Risk behaviors such as current smoking, sedentary life style and high BMI at Wave 1 were associated with ADL status deterioration; however, moderate alcohol consumption tended to be more related to better ADL status than abstaining at Wave 4. ADL status at Wave 1 was the strongest factor and the next was exercise and smoking affecting ADL status at Wave 4. People who were in ADL dependent at Wave 1 were 15.17 times more likely to be ADL dependent at Wave 4 than people who were in ADL independent at Wave 1. Concerning smoking cigarettes, people who kept only light exercise or sedentary life style at Wave 1 were 1.70 times more likely to be died at Wave 4 than the people who did not smoke at Wave 1. Conclusions: All demographics and health behaviors at wave 1 had consistently similar OR trends for ADL status to each other except alcohol consumption. Smoking and exercise in health behaviors, and age and gender in demographics at Wave 1 were significant factors associated with ADL group separation at Wave 4.
Telmisartan과 Amlodipine의 병용투여에 의한 고혈압 및 심혈관 보호 효과
정상혁,명창선 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 2018 藥學論文集 Vol.33 No.-
Hypertension is a chronic disease whose blood pressure is above normal range. Hypertension is known to cause cardiovascular disease and diabetes. In this study, we aimed to confirm the antihypertensive and cardioprotective effects of by administering alone or in combination of telmisartan (i.p. 7.66 mg/kg) and amlodipine (i.p. 0.96 mg/kg) on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). As a result, both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were decreased with monotherapy of each drug and combined treatment. However, no significance was examined in low and high dose combination as compared with monotherapy of each drug. The infarct size of the left ventricle tended to decrease, and the expression level of eNOS increased when the two drugs were administered concomitantly, but not significantly. Cuff induced neointimal hyperplasia in C57BL/6 mice was significantly reduced by both monotherapy of telmisartan and combined treatment with almodipine. However, the DNA synthesis in neointima and media of vascular smooth muscle was significantly decreased with all treatment protocols. In consistent with in vivo results, [3H] thymidine incoporation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) was significantly reduced in all treat ment protocols. Finally, the combined treatment of telmisartan with amlodipine showed a significant ability to lower blood glucose level in streptozotoxin and nicotinamide treated diabetic rats. Taken together, these re suits suggest that the combined administration of telmisartan and amlodipine can be a good strategy for the management of vascular injury and diabetes.
정상혁 한국국방연구원 2016 국방정책연구 Vol.31 No.4
The purpose of this study is to analyze the DPRK`s nuclear propaganda and agitation strategy, focusing on ends, means, ways. This article deals with propaganda and agitation in the first, second, and third nuclear test of DPRK. The main point of this study is to assess nuclear propaganda and agitation of DPRK, in terms of strategy. In this view, this study examine DPRK`s foreign and domestic strategy depends on target of propaganda and agitation. This study will examine the attitude how DPRK perceived nuclear weapon and propagate or agitate in the nuclear test, which gives some implications for Republic of Korea. Also this study will assess outcome and limitation which DPRK obtains through propaganda and agitation.
정상혁,주경수 순천향대학교 부설 산업기술연구소 2003 순천향 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.9 No.1
Nowadays, XML is used for exchanging information and ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning) systems between corporations, and many database products for XML have been developed in the business market. As the use of XML is spreaded to mobile environment, the use of XML in mobile environment is increased such as on-line business, and storing of XML in mobile DB is required to manage efficienty. In this paper, we developed XML DBMS for mobile device that can store XML document XML DBMS is implemented by combining XML adapter with the existent XML DBMS to store XML document directly. By XML DBMS for mobile device, we can manipulate XML data easily, and maximize the practical use of mobile device.
병원 특성에 따른 건당 진료비 분석 - 급성충수염과 정상분만을 대상으로 -
정상혁,유승흠,김한중,Jung, Sang-Hyuk,Yu, Seung-Hum,Kim, Han-Joong 대한예방의학회 1990 예방의학회지 Vol.23 No.2
To identify the factors influencing the charges per case of acute appendicitis and normal spontaneous vaginal delivery (NSVD), the personal data-base files and hospital-characteristics-reporting data files of Korea Medical Insurance Corporation were analyzed. One hundred and twenty-nine institutions were selected. The results of this study were as follows 1. The differences of charges per case with respect to hospital ownership, location, and equipment levels were statistically significant. 2. The results of multiple regression analysis revealed that bed capacity was the most significant variable in both diseases. 3. Ownership was significant variable in acute appendicitis. In NSVD, ownership and hospital equipment level were statistically significant. In conclusion, bed capacity was statistically the most significant variable in the analysis of charages per case. And we thought that the results of this study would influence the policy of the hospital bed supply.