광평옥과 다청옥의 수이삭과 수염에서 안토시아닌 생합성 유전자 발현 분석

고영삼,배환희,최유찬,손재한,하준영,신성휴,정태욱,Go, Young Sam,Bae, Hwan Hee,Choi, Yu Chan,Son, Jae Han,Ha, Jun Young,Shin, Seong Hyu,Jung, Tae Wook 한국작물학회 2021 한국작물학회지 Vol.66 No.3

본 실험은 광평옥과 다청옥 품종의 수이삭과 수염을 대상으로 안토시아닌 생합성 관련 분자생물학적 및 이화학적 특성을 검토하여 향후 기능성 옥수수 개발에 필요한 기초자료로 활용하고자 수행되었다. 1. 광평옥에서는 수이삭과 수염에서 모두 안토시아닌이 형성되지 않은 반면, 다청옥에서는 모두 형성되었다. 전체 안토시아닌 함량은 수이삭과 수염에서 모두 다청옥이 광평옥에 비해 30배 정도 높았다. 또한, 안토시아닌 성분은 다청옥의 수이삭에서 C-3-G만 측정되었고, 수염에서는 각각 C-3-G는 45.2배, Pg-3-G는 27.3배, M-3-G는 37.6배 광평옥에 비해 더 검출되었다. 2. 광평옥의 수이삭에서 F3'H, DFR, GST 유전자가 발현이 감소하였고, 수염에서는 F3'H와 DFR 유전자가 발현이 감소하였다. 반대로 다청옥에서는 수염에서 DFR 유전자만 발현이 감소되었고, 나머지 유전자들은 정상적으로 발현되었다. 또한 안토시아닌 생합성 유전자들의 발현을 조절하는 전사조절인자는 광평옥 수이삭에서는 P1이 수염에서는 R1이 관여한다는 사실을 확인하였다. 3. 광평옥의 수이삭과 수염에서 다청옥에 비해 각각 linoleic acid (C18:2)가 6.6%, 10.9% 감소하고, linolenic acid (18:3)는 8.5%, 8.5% 증가하였다. 또한, 광평옥의 수염에서는 palmitic acid (C16:0)가 4.1% 증가하고, oleic acid (C18:1)는 다청옥에 비해 2.1% 감소하였다. 그러나 stearic acid (18:0)는 수이삭과 수염에서 성분 변화가 전혀 없었다. 그리고 광평옥의 수이삭과 수염의 전체 지방산 함량은 광평옥에 비해 각각 10.3%, 30.4% 증가하였고, 각 지방산 성분과 함량 분석은 유사한 결과를 보여주었다. 그러나 phytosterol 성분 분석에서는 유의미한 결과를 확인할 수가 없었다. Anthocyanins are known to be involved in various functions such as antioxidant and antibacterial activities in plants. Although studies on anthocyanins in corn have been conducted recently, basic research related to anthocyanin biosynthesis is insufficient. In this study, we examined the molecular biological and physicochemical properties related to anthocyanin biosynthesis in the tassel and silks of Gwangpyeongok and Dacheongok cultivars. Anthocyanins were not synthesized in either the tassel or silks in Gwangpyeongok, whereas were synthesized in both in Dacheongok. The total anthocyanin content was approximately 30 times higher in the tassel and silks of Dacheongok than in those of Gwangpyeongok. In addition, C-3-G was measured only in the tassel of Dacheongok, and C-3-G, Pg-3-G, and M-3-G were 45.2 times, 27.3 times, and 37.6 times higher, respectively, in the silks of Dacheongok than of Gwangpyeongok. Expression of F3'H, DFR, and GST genes decreased in the tassel, and that of F3'H and DFR genes decreased in the silks of Gwangpyeongok. It was further confirmed that transcription factor P1 and R1 regulate the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in the tassel and silks, respectively, in Gwangpyeongok. Linoleic acid (C18:2) decreased by 6.6% and 10.9%, and linolenic acid (C18:3) increased by 8.5% and 8.5%, in the tassel and silks, respectively, of Gwangpyeongok compared to those of Dacheongok. Palmitic acid (C16:0) increased by 4.1% and oleic acid (C18:1) decreased by 2.1% in the silks of Gwangpyeongok compared to that in Dacheongok. In addition, the total fatty acid content in the tassel and silks increased by 10.3% and 30.4%, respectively, in Gwangpyeongok compared to that in Dacheongok. However, no significant results were observed in the analysis of phytosterol components. These results may be utilized as useful resources for the development of functional corn containing a large amount of anthocyanins.

한국 고유의 품종을 이용한 제초제 저항성 유채 개발

김효진,이혜진,고영삼,노경희,이영화,장영석,서미정,Kim, Hyo-Jin,Lee, Hye-Jin,Go, Young-Sam,Roh, Kyung-Hee,Lee, Young-Hwa,Jang, Young-Seok,Suh, Mi-Chung 한국식물생명공학회 2010 식물생명공학회지 Vol.37 No.3

화석에너지의 고갈과 지구 온난화 현상으로 인해 재생 가능한 식물자원으로부터 바이오에너지를 얻고자 하는 관심이 높아지고 있다. 이에 바이오디젤의 원료로 사용 되기 적합한 형질전환이 된 유채를 개발하기 위한 첫 단계로 한국 고유 유채 품종을 이용한 형질전환 체계를 구축하였다. 내한, 영산, 탐미, 한라 유채의 종자를 분양 받아 지방산 분석을 실시한 결과, 종자의 약 32-40% 식물성 오일이 포함되어 있었고, 그 중 올레인산의 함량은 60mole% 이상 존재하는 것으로 확인되었다. 그 중 오일 함량 및 올레인산 함량이 높고, 형질전환 효율이 비교적 높은 한라 유채품종이 그리고 $\beta$-glucuronidase (GUS)와 phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) 유전자가 포함된 pCAM-BIA3301 벡터가 도입된 Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101균주가 형질전환에 사용되었다. 형질전환이 된 유채 식물체는 제초제에 대한 내성, PCR을 이용한 PAT 유전자의 도입 여부 및 GUS 활성 분석을 통하여 선별하였다. 그 결과 한라 유채의 경우, 10. 4% 형질전환 효율을 보였고, 제초제 저항성이 다음 세대 ($T_1$ 식물체)로 안정되게 유전됨을 확인하였다. 이러한 연구는 바이오디젤 원료로 사용될 다양한 유채 품종에 교배를 통해 제초제 저항성 유전자를 쉽게 도입할 수 있는 가능성을 제시하였다. An interest in the production of seed-oil based fuel and raw materials, which comes from renewable plant sources, has been intrigued by the phenomenon of global warming and shortage of fossil fuels. Rapeseed (Brassica napus) is the most important oilseed crop, which produces seeds with 40% oil. It is desirable to develop genetically modified rapeseed producing oils, which can be easily converted to biodiesel. As an initial step for development of genetically modified rapeseed for the production of biofuels or bio-based materials, Korean rapeseed cultivars, Naehan, Youngsan, Tammi and Halla, were analyzed. Four Korean rapeseed cultivars produce 32 to 40% oil of seed dry weight, which is rich in oleic acid (more than 60 mole%). The cotyledonary petioles of rapeseed cultivar, Halla, were transformed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101, carrying the uidA gene encoding $\beta$-glucuronidase (GUS) as a reporter gene and the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) gene as a selectable marker. The stable integration of PAT gene in the genome of transgenic rapeseeds was confirmed by PCR analysis. Expression of uidA gene in various rapeseed organs was determined by fluorometric assay and histochemical staining. Transformation efficiency of a Korean rapeseed Halla cultivar was 10.4%. Genetic inheritance of transgenes was confirmed in $T_2$ generation.

조생종 사료용 옥수수 품종의 2기작 재배 시 생산성

손범영,배환희,고영삼,김선림,신성휴,Son, Beom-Young,Bae, Hwan Hee,Go, Young Sam,Kim, Sun-Lim,Shin, Seong Hyu 한국작물학회 2020 한국작물학회지 Vol.65 No.4

This study evaluated the productivity of early maturity silage corns during continuous monocropping and the possibility of expanding forage production. Continuous monocropping of three silage corns, such as Kwangpyeongok (medium maturity), Sinhwangok (early maturity), and Sinhwangok2 (early maturity) was planted twice, in April and July from 2018 to 2019 at Suwon. The number of days from the sowing date to the silking date was 78 for the preceding crop and 52 for the succeeding crop. The number of days from the silking date to the harvesting date was 26 for the preceding crop and 46 for the succeeding crop. The sums of the temperature from the sowing date to the silking date were 1,512℃ for the preceding crop, 1,246℃ for the succeeding crop. The sums of the temperature from the sowing date to the harvesting date were 2,198℃ for the preceding crop and 1,951℃ for the succeeding crop. The dry matter yield of the preceding crop (1,637 kg/10a) was similar to that of the succeeding crop (1,565 kg/10a). The dry matter yields of Sinhwangok2 (1,673 kg/10a), Sinhwangok (1,660 kg/10a) and Kwangpyeongok (1,579 kg/10a) were similar to those of the preceding crop. The dry matter yields of Sinhwangok (1,669 kg/10a) and Kwangpyeongok (1,651 kg/10a) were similar to those of the succeeding crop and Sinhwangok2 (1,374 kg/10a) was the lowest among the three corn varieties. The total digestible nutrients (TDN) yield of the preceding crop (1,135 kg/10a) was similar to that of the succeeding crop (1,037 kg/10a). The TDN yields of Sinhwangok2 (1,183 kg/10a), Sinhwangok (1,158 kg/10a), and Kwangpyeongok (1,063 kg/10a) were similar to those of the preceding crop. The TDN yields of Sinhwangok (1,150 kg/10a) and Kwangpyeongok (1,100 kg/10a) were similar for the succeeding crop and Sinhwangok2 (970 kg/10a) was the lowest among the three corn varieties. The total dry matter yields of Sinhwangok (3,329 kg/10a) and Kwangpyeongok (3,230 kg/10a) were similar, but Sinhwangok2 (3,047 kg/10a) was the lowest among the three corn varieties. The total TDN yields of Sinhwangok (2,307 kg/10a), Kwangpyeongok (2,162 kg/10a), and Sinhwangok2 (2,152 kg/10a) were similar. It was concluded that Sinhwangok and Sinhwangok2 have high TDN yields as well as early maturity, and therefore are advantageous for direct continuous monocropping.

기능성 단옥수수 품종 육성을 위한 자식계통의 카로티노이드 함량 및 항산화 활성 평가

하준영(Jun Young Ha),신성휴(Seong-Hyu Shin),고영삼(Young Sam Go),배환희(Hwan Hee Bae),김상곤(Sang Gon Kim) 한국작물학회 2023 한국작물학회지 Vol.68 No.2

2002년도 춘계 학술연구발표 논문집 : 마이크로웨이브플라즈마를 이용한 BTX(Benzene, Toulene, Xylene) 처리특성 연구

김용문 ( Yong Mun Kim ),고영삼 ( Young Sam Ko ),양고수 ( Go Su Yang ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2002 한국폐기물자원순환학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.2002 No.-

한국 옥수수 품종 개발의 변천과 전망

백성범(Seong-Bum Baek),손범영(Beom-Young Son),김정태(Jung-Tae Kim),배환희(Hwan-Hee Bae),고영삼(Young-Sam Go),김선림(Sun-Lim Kim) 한국육종학회 2020 한국육종학회지 Vol.52 No.S

In Korea, native or open pollinated corn varieties that were not improved before 1960 were cultivated. The 1960s was a step that created the foundation for the development of varieties. In 1962, systematic corn breeding was started when the synthetic type ‘Hwangok 2’ was distributed to farmers. The 1970s was the era of the change from synthetic varieties to hybrid ones, with a focus on the development of single-cross hybrids among the corn hybrids. The single-cross corn hybrid, ‘Suwon 19’, was an epoch-marking variety that had a unit-yield closer to that of advanced countries. The 1980s was a time when the breeding direction was changed from grain corn to silage because the corn cultivation area for silage increased rapidly with the government s livestock promotion policy, and the corn seed supply system of single-cross hybrids was established. In the 1990s, the era of globalization and the launching of imports of agricultural products, the living standards of consumers became more advanced, and the development system of corn varieties was established for various use purposes. As we entered the 2000s, it started the heyday of developing corn varieties, with 29 corn varieties of various use purposes and excellent cultivation stability developed. In the 2010s, the scope of corn variety development expanded from government or universities to private seed companies. Thus, the corn varieties in Korea have changed and developed in response to the situation of the times, and there are currently 110 corn varieties registered with Korea Seed & Variety Service (KSVS). In the future, vegetable corn is expected to be continuously developed, with functional ingredients such as strengthening vitamins, trace elements, and antioxidant components. Specialized grain corn, such as lysine and maltodextrin, will be developed and commercialized in order to improve the value added. In the case of silage corn, there will be varieties of early maturing and late planting adaptability, with no more than 110 days until maturity, suitable for the cropping system, such as second cropping and double cropping, as well as high digestion rate and nutrition varieties with high feed value, and excessive water tolerance corn varieties that adapt well to paddy fields. Furthermore, it is expected that corn varieties that adapt well to Southeast Asia, Latin America, and Africa will continue to be developed and supplied.

열대 적응형 조숙 다수성 단교잡종 옥수수 ‘케이엠2’

배환희(Hwan-Hee Bae),신성휴(Seong-hyu Shin),고영삼(Young-Sam Go),하준영(Jun Young Ha),최유찬(Yoo-Chan Choi),손재한(Jae-Han Son),정태욱(Tae-Wook Jung),백성범(Seong-Bum Baek),김정태(Jung-Tae Kim),이진석(Jin-Seok Lee),손범영(Beom-young 한국육종학회 2021 한국육종학회지 Vol.53 No.2

‘KM2’, a maize hybrid grain was developed for the Southeast Asian seed market by the maize breeding team of the Rural DevelopmentAdministration (RDA), South Korea 2018. ‘KM2’ was bred by crossing two inbred lines, ‘15VL065’ and ‘KS155’. After a advanced yieldtrial at Dong Trieu, Vietnam, for the first cropping cycle in 2016, country adaptability trials were performed twice in three different countries:Vietnam, Cambodia, and Indonesia, in 2016 and 2017. ‘KM2’, a yellow intermediate seed for food and feed, adapts well to the northern Vietnam,northwestern Cambodia, and Central Java in Indonesia. It is an early maturing high-grain yield F1 hybrid. This hybrid is resistant to downymildew, but not corn rust. The silking date of ‘KM2’ is 10 days earlier than that of ‘LVN10’, a leading cultivar in Vietnam. ‘KM2’ producedgrain yields of 811 kg/10a, 845 kg/10a, and 783 kg/10a in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Indonesia, respectively, showing even higher grain yieldthan the countries’ respective leading cultivar. ‘KM2’ produced 61%, 17%, and 14% higher grain yield in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Indonesia,respectively, than their respective control cultivars (‘LVN10’, ‘CP888’, ‘P21’) (Registration No. 8192).

옥수수 종실 및 속대의 Phytosterol 동정과 함량 변이

김선림,김미정,정건호,이유영,손범영,김정태,이진석,배환희,고영삼,김상곤,백성범,Kim, Sun-Lim,Kim, Mi-Jung,Jung, Gun-Ho,Lee, Yu-Young,Son, Beom-Young,Kim, Jung-Tae,Lee, Jin-Seok,Bae, Hwan-Hee,Go, Young-Sam,Kim, Sang-Gon,Baek, Seong-Bum 한국작물학회 2018 한국작물학회지 Vol.63 No.2

옥수수 종실(kernel)과 속대(cob)의 불검화물(ZML) 중 phytosterol의 조성과 함량의 변이를 구명하여 고품질 옥수수 신품종 육성 및 생리활성물질의 유용 소재화를 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 본 연구를 실시하여 얻어진결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 옥수수 종실과 속대의 포화지방산은 phytosterol 함량과 부의 상관관계의 경향이었고, 불포화지방산 중 stearic 및 linoleic acid는 정상관 경향을 보였으나, linolenic acid는 종실에서 정상관($r=0.652^*$), 속대는 부상관($r=-0.505^*$) 관계를 보였다. 2. 옥수수 종실의 불검화물을 TLC로 분리한 결과 band I (campesterol, stigmasterol, ${\beta}$-sitosterol), band II (${\Delta}^5$-avenasterol), band III (${\Delta}^7$-stigmastenol), 및 band IV (${\Delta}^7$-avenasterol)로 뚜렷하게 분리되었고, 속대는 band I~IV 이외에도 3종 이상의 band가 추가적으로 분리되었다. 3. 옥수수 종실과 속대에 함유된 phytosterol의 GC 분리 패턴을 확인한 결과 campesterol, stigmasterol 및 ${\beta}$-sitosterol의 분리능이 좋았으나, ${\Delta}^7$-avenasterol (RT 22.846), ${\Delta}^7$-stigmastenol (RT 22.852) 및 ${\Delta}^5$-avenasterol (RT 22.862)은 혼합물질 상태로는 분리가 되질 않았다. 4. 옥수수 종실의 평균 phytosterol 함량은 635.9 mg/100g, 속대는 273.0 mg/100 g으로 종실이 속대에 비해 약 2.4배 정도 phytosterol 함량이 높았다. 옥수수 종실의 phytosterol 조성은 ${\beta}$-sitosterol 80.05% > campesterol 10.5% > stigmasterol 9.46% 순이었으나, 속대는 ${\beta}$-sitosterol 59.43% > stigmasterol 31.72% > campesterol 10.98%으로 종실과 속대의 phytosterol 조성비는 다소 상이하였다. 5. 본 연구 결과를 토대로 판단할 때 옥수수 종실에 함유된 ${\beta}$-sitosterol, campesterol 및 stigmasterol의 생합성 경로에서 전구물질이 되는 ${\Delta}^7$-avenasterol, ${\Delta}^7$-stigmastenol 및 ${\Delta}^5$-avenasterol이 옥수수 속대에서 검출되는 것으로 보아 옥수수 종실의 phytosterol은 속대에서 합성되어 종실로 전이되는 물질인 것으로 추정되었다.

완주산단 주변의 주요 악취물질 규명 및 저감을 위한 실태연구

박비오 ( Bi Oh Park ),박성순 ( Seong Soon Park ),고영삼 ( Young Sam Ko ),양고수 ( Go Su Yang ),송영일 ( Young Il Song ) 한국환경분석학회 2014 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.17 No.3

The purpose of this study is to measure composite odor and designated odor in 33 emission sources at 11business sites generating odor in the Wanju Industrial Complex, examine characteristics and problems of majored or substances for each odor emission source, and establish an optimal means to reduce odor according to characteristics of the site. As a result of assessing odor emission characteristics in this study, major odor substances were found to be ethyl benzene, toluene and xylene for automobile parts manufacturing business, styrene, ethylbenzene and toluene for synthetic resin and other plastic materials manufacturing business, and styrene, trimethylbenzene, ethylbenzene, nitric acid and formic acid for other manufacturing businesses. Apartments located closest in the northern and southern boundaries of the industrial complex were predicted to be surrounding regions receiving greatest effect of odor emitted by business sites, and increase in apartment floor was predicted to show greater effect of odor.

전주산업단지 및 주변지역 VOCs 및 악취물질 모니터링

김용문,박비오,고영삼,심재정,송병식,양고수 전북대학교 공학연구원 ( 구 전북대학교 공업기술연구소 ) 2002 工學硏究 Vol.33 No.-

Important main odorous compounds and VOCs(volatile organic compounds) possibly emitted from the Jeon-Ju Industrial Sites were identified and measured in amount through making air sampling over Jeon-Ju Industrial Sites and analyzing them with the sate of the art analytical instrument. Sampling sites were chosen 8 points by considering the industrial characteristics for the 1,2 Industrial Sites and 2 points for the 3 Industrial. Site Sampling times were two times, the first one was March. 2002 - April. 2002, and the second was May. 2002 - July. 2002. Canister sampling units and polyester bags were used to collect 6 liters air samples during 1hour or 3minutes for VOCs and polyester bags were used to sample 10 - 50 liters of air for 3 minutes depending on analytic characteristics of odor compounds. The important main VOCs were measured as acetone, ethyl benzene, n-hexane, m,p-xylene, toluene, M.E.K.(methyl ethyl ketone), isopropanol, ethyl acetate, o-xylene, n-butyl acetate, ethanol, benzene as in order of average concentration for the Industrial Sites. The main odorous compounds were COS, H2S, CS2, MM(methyl mercaptan), form aldehyde, acetaldehyde for the 1,2 Industrial Sites and COS, H2S, form aldehyde, acetaldehyde were measured as main species for the 3 Industrial Site. NH3 was measured as below the detection limit of the instrument. The concentrations of sulfide compounds for the 1,2 Industrial Sites were relatively higher than ones for the 3 Industrial Site. Among aldehydes, form aldehyde, acetaldehyde were detected very highly as 0.1- 1ppm over all the Industrial Sites.