고라이신(QPM) 주요 계통과 교잡계의 생육특성 및 아미노산 조성 변이

배환희,손범영,고영삼,박헤영,이기범,하준영,김미정,김선림,백성범 한국작물학회 2020 한국작물학회지 Vol.65 No.3

Maize grain quality can be improved by raising lysine content, which is an essential amino acid present in insufficient quantities in normal maize. Maize varieties with such modifications are known as quality protein maize (QPM). To date, no Korean maize cultivars contain high amounts of lysine. To introduce quality protein maize to Korean cultivars, we crossed QPM CIMMYT maize lines (CML) with KS140, an elite inbred line used as a parent of several cultivars such as ‘Gangdaok’ and ‘Pyeonganok’. We analyzed the phenotypic characteristics of F1 plants as well as the protein contents, amino acids, and fatty acids profiles of the self-pollinated seeds of the F1 hybrids, and evaluated the feasibility of CML as a source of QPM. Days to anthesis of the CML ranged from 78 to 90 days after planting (DAP), whereas a range of 81~87 was recorded for F1 hybrids. The average days to anthesis was 85 for KS140, CML, and the F1 hybrids. The protein content of the CML was measured to be between 9.1 and 12.1%, with the highest and lowest values being recorded in CML153 and 191, respectively. The F1 hybrids had protein contents of 9.1~11.1%, and the highest content was observed in KS141/CML188. The fatty acids profiles were very similar across all analyzed maize samples, and linoleic acid (C18:2) composed the greatest proportion. Glutamic acid made up the largest proportion of amino acids in all maize samples. Lysine composition was highest in CML155 (6.92% of all amino acids), with an average composition of 4.83% across the CML. In contrast, KS140 showed a lysine content of 2.51%. In F1 hybrids, the average lysine composition was 3.46%, and KS140/CML164 (4.18%) and KS140/CML163 (4.99%) contained more lysine than either parent. Taken together, these results indicate that CML could become promising QPM sources to improve grain quality in Korean maize cultivars. 본 연구는 non-QPM인 KS140, QPM인 CML 계통 및 교잡계의 생육 특성과 단백질, 지방산 등 일반성분, 아미노산조성을 분석하여 국내 적응 QPM 신품종 육성을 위한 기초연구 자료로 활용하고자 수행하였다. 1. 출사일수는 CML 계통이 78~90일, CML 교잡계가 81~87 일 이었고 평균 출사일 수는 KS140, CML 계통 및 교잡계 모두 85일 이었다. CML계통 중 CML191이 간장과착수고 모두 155 cm, 72 cm로 가장 낮았고, CML529의간장이 242 cm, CML164의 착수고가 139 cm로 가장높았다. 과피색은 KS140이 노란색, CML 계통은 흰색과 노란색이었고, 교잡계는 CML 계통이 흰색인 경우에는 노란과 흰색의 중간색을 나타내었다. 2. CML 계통의 단백질 함량은 9.1~12.1% 범위로 CML153 이 가장 적었고 CML191이 가장 많았다. CML 교잡계의 단백질 함량은 9.1~11.1% 범위로 KS140/CML170이가장 적었고, KS140/CML188이 가장 많았다. 3. 지방산의 조성비는 KS140, CML 계통과 교잡계 모두C18:2 (linoleic acid)가 가장 높았고 C18:1 (oleic acid), C16:0 (palmitic acid), C18:0 (stearic acid), C18:3 (linolenic acid) 순이었다. CML 계통의 평균 포화지방산 비율은21.4%였으며 불포화지방산 조성비는 78.6%로 KS140 보다 포화지방산 조성비가 다소 높았다. 4. 아미노산 조성비 중 KS140, CML 계통 및 교잡계에서Glutamic acid 함량이 가장 높았으며 lysine의 조성비는non-QPM인 KS140이 2.51%, QPM인 CML 계통 평균이 4.83%였으며 CML155가 6.92%로 가장 높았다. CML 교잡계 평균은 3.46%였고 KS140/CML164와 KS140/ CML170의 lysine 조성비는 각각 4.18%과 4.99%로 교배하기 전의 QPM계통인 CML164, CML170보다 높았다. 5. 아미노산 조성에 따라 시험 계통들은 크게 두 개 그룹으로 나눌 수 있었으며 CML 계통도 두 개의 그룹으로 나누어졌다. CML155, 180, 181, 191을 포함하는 Group은lysine을 비롯하여 histidine, glycine, threonine, serine의조성비가 높았고, CML153, 157, 164, 170, 177을 포함하는 Group은 아미노산 조성비는 상대적으로 낮았다.

옥수수 영양생장기 한발 스트레스에 의한 광합성의 생리적 반응 및 프로테옴 변화 분석

배환희,권영상,손범영,김정태,고영삼,김선림,백성범,신성휴,김상곤 한국작물학회 2019 한국작물학회지 Vol.64 No.4

ABSTRACT Severe droughts in spring have occurred frequently in Korea in recent years, exerting a critical impact on cornyield. Therefore, it is necessary to find physiological and/or molecular indicators of the response to drought stress in maize plants. In this study, we investigated the effects of water-deficit stress on two Korean elite F1 maize hybrids, Ilmichal andGwangpyeongok, by withholding water for 10 days at tassel initiation. The water deficit drastically reduced the relative leaf watercontent, leaf number, leaf area, and stem length, leading to dry matter reduction. Moreover, it reduced the SPAD values andstomatal conductance of leaves in drought-stressed plants of both hybrids. Importantly, the number of leaves and SPAD value werenon-destructive and easy to investigate in response to water-deficit stress, suggesting that they may be useful indicators forscreening drought-tolerant genetic resources. We detected more than 100 spots that were differentially accumulated under droughtstress. Of these spots, a total of 21 protein spots (≥1.5-fold) from drought-exposed maize leaves were successfully analyzed byMALDI-TOF-TOF mass spectrometry. Functional annotation using Gene Ontology analysis revealed that most of the identifiedproteins were involved in carbohydrate metabolism, stress response fatty acid catabolism, photosynthesis, energy metabolism, andtransport. The protein expression levels were increased in both Ilmichal and Gwangpyeongok, except for triosephosphateisomerase, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, and an uncharacterized protein. The lactoylglutathione lyase delta (3,5)-delta (2,4)-dienoyl-CoA isomerase was overexpressed in Gwangpyeongok only. The results obtained from this study suggest that thedrought-specific genes may be useful as molecular markers for screening drought-tolerant maize genotypes. 본 연구는 옥수수 유수형성기(본 잎 6개)에 10일 동안 수분부족처리를 하였을 때 F1 옥수수 교잡종 식물체의 생리적 반응과 프로테옴 변화를 분석한 것이다. 실험에 사용한품종은 일미찰과 광평옥이었다. 1. 정상구에 비해 수분이 결핍된 옥수수 교잡종에서는 평균 3개의 잎이 감소했고, 잎 면적은 각각 32~34 % 감소했으며, 경장은 일미찰에서는 약 14%, 광평옥에서는 약27% 줄었다. 웅수 길이는 일미찰과 광평옥에서 각각 74,82%가 감소하였다. 2. V4~6 엽기 때 10일간의 수분 결핍 처리는 옥수수의 모든 부분에서 건물중을 감소시켰으며 특히, 줄기의 건물중이 잎과 뿌리보다 훨씬 감소하였다. 일미찰과 광평옥에서 잎과 줄기의 건물중은 각각 약 83%, 73% 감소했으며, 수술 건물중은 각각 약 35, 86% 감소했다. 3. V4~6 엽기 때 10일간의 수분 결핍 처리는 옥수수의 모든 부분에서 건물중을 감소시켰으며 특히, 줄기의 건물중이 잎과 뿌리보다 훨씬 감소하였다. 일미찰과 광평옥에서 잎과 줄기의 건물중은 각각 약 83%, 73% 감소했으며, 수술 건물중은 각각 약 35, 86% 감소했다. 4. 이차원전기영동방법으로 정상구와 한발 스트레스를 받은 교잡종에서 다른 단백질 발현양상을 나타내는 21 개의 단백질 spot을 확인하였다. MALDI-TOF MS (matrixassisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight massspectrometry) 및 단백질 데이터베이스 분석을 통해 21개의 단백질 spot 중 탄수화물 대사에 관련된 단백질이8개, 스트레스 관련 단백질이 6개, 지방산 이화작용 및광합성에 관련된 단백질이 각각 2개, 에너지 대사 및 수송에 관련된 단백질이 각각 1개가 분석되었다. 5. 이들 단백질 중 Triosephosphate isomerase, fructose�bisphosphate aldolase, uncharacterized protein을 제외하고 한발 스트레스 처리시 일미찰과 광평옥 모두에서 단백질 발현양이 증가하였으며, lactoylglutathione lyase,delta 3,5-delta 2,4-dienoyl-CoA isomerase은 광평옥에서만 과발현되었다.

논과 밭에서 감자-옥수수 작부체계의 수량 및 소득 비교

배환희,이진석,손범영,김정태,김상곤,백성범 한국국제농업개발학회 2016 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.28 No.4

To identify the limited and adaptable sowing date and select the double cropping system, two different cropping systems such as potato (Sumi, Chubaek) - maize (Ilmichal, Yanganok) and maize (Ilmichal, Yanganok) - potato (Chubaek) were conducted in paddy and upland field condition. We observed and compared plant growth characteristics, yield potential, and income at two different cropping systems. Average yield of potato (first crop, Sumi) in paddy field was higher than upland field when planted at March 20. The plant height and stem length of the second cropping potato sown at August 20 were 30 cm higher than first cropping potato sown at March 20, which is reduced about 1,500 ~ 2000 kg/ 10a of the second cropping potato yield. Stem length and the first ear height of the first cropping corn Ilmichal sown at April 15 in paddy field were 5~10 cm higher than upland field and ear property was similar. Silking date of the second cropping corn Ilmichal sown at July 3 were about 19 day earlier than the first cropping corn Ilmichal sown at April 15, However, both stem length and the first ear height of the second cropping corn Ilmichal sown at July 3 were small compared to those of sown at April 15. Ear property of Yanganok sown at June 19 and July 3 were similar in both paddy and upland field. Fresh weight yield (aerial part, kg/10a) of Yanganok sown at June 19 were 500 ~ 700 kg/10a higher than those of sown at July 3. In view of income comparison between two different cropping systems, Chubaek-Ilmichal and Chubaek-Yanganok cropping systems were best combination, Ilmichal-Chubaek and sumi- Yanganok cropping systems were worst combination in upland field. Chubaek-Ilmichal and Chubaek- Yanganok cropping systems were best combination, Ilmichal-Chubaek cropping systems was worst combination in paddy field.

Quality Protein Maize 계통의 생육 특성 및 아미노산 조성

배환희,손범영,김정태,이진석,백성범 한국국제농업개발학회 2017 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.29 No.3

To date, many researches have been done for maize QPM lines, there is little maize QPM varieties in Korea. In this reason, to develop maize QPM cultivars, investigation of the growth characteristics and amino acid composition among QPM inbred lines was carried out. For this study, QPM inbred lines were donated from CIMMYT. Analyses of growth characteristics changes for each line were investigated. The range of siliking days were ranged from 60 to 69 days. Silking days for 4 QPM lines such as CML140, CML141, CML152, and CML493 were 60 days among donated QMP lines, CML557 was 69 days. In plant height, CML492 was shortest(152 cm) while CML143 was the longest(295 cm). The ear height of CML492 was 66 cm and 175 cm for CML143. Protein content of each maize QPM grains was from 9.07% to 12.67%. CML556 have the highest proteins content, while CML493 was the lowest among maize QPM grains. Content of fat was from 3.38% to 5.25%, and CML141 was the lowest and CML147 was the highest. The content of ash ranged from 1.22% to 1.78%, CML555 was the least and CML142 was the highest. The content range of carbohydrate was from 71.7% to 75.5%, CML557 was the least and CML493 was the highest. The calories of each inbred line ranged from 346 to 365 Kcal, CML140 was the least and CML492 was the highest. Major amino acid composition in maize QPM grain is glutamic acid (16.34%), proline (9.80%). The mean of lysine composition was 3.64%, and CML140 showed the highest ratio of 4.34%.

카로티노이드 함량이 높고 식미가 우수한 찰옥수수 ‘황금맛찰’

배환희,이진석,김정태,손범영,백성범,김선림,고영삼,이기범,신성휴 한국육종학회 2020 한국육종학회지 Vol.52 No.4

‘Hwanggeummatchal’, a yellow waxy corn hybrid obtained by crossing inbred ‘KY37’ and ‘KY29’, was developed by the maizebreeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA, Korea, in 2017. The number of days to silking of ‘Hwanggeummatchal’was 69 days after planting, 2 days earlier than ‘Ilmichal’ (a control variety). Plant height of ‘Hwanggeummatchal’ was 205 cm, lower thanthat of the control, and ear height ratio was 49%, which was lower than that of ‘Ilmichal’. Lodging resistance of ‘Hwanggeummatchal’ wassimilar to ‘Ilmichal’. The fresh ear yields were 6,389 ears in 10 a. The carotenoid content of ‘Hwanggeummatchal’ was 16.4 μg 100 g-1fresh weight, which was much higher than that of ‘Ilmichal’. The pericarp thickness was 41 μm. The sensory evaluation value was 5.7,and the flavor was excellent. The flowering period of its parental lines was well matched, and seed production was best at a planting ratioof maternal and paternal lines, 3:1. ‘Hwanggeummatchal’ is suitable to the whole country, except for Jeju-do. Seeds of ‘Hwanggeummatchal’must be renewed annually because it is a single cross hybrid. If this hybrid is cultivated under high-density conditions, the ear size andthe ratio of kernel set length to ear length will be lower than that of standard cultivation. Pest control should be performed for this hybridbecause it is susceptible to corn borer (Registration No. 8136).

열대 적응형 조숙 다수성 단교잡종 옥수수 ‘케이엠2’

배환희(Hwan-Hee Bae),신성휴(Seong-hyu Shin),고영삼(Young-Sam Go),하준영(Jun Young Ha),최유찬(Yoo-Chan Choi),손재한(Jae-Han Son),정태욱(Tae-Wook Jung),백성범(Seong-Bum Baek),김정태(Jung-Tae Kim),이진석(Jin-Seok Lee),손범영(Beom-young 한국육종학회 2021 한국육종학회지 Vol.53 No.2

‘KM2’, a maize hybrid grain was developed for the Southeast Asian seed market by the maize breeding team of the Rural DevelopmentAdministration (RDA), South Korea 2018. ‘KM2’ was bred by crossing two inbred lines, ‘15VL065’ and ‘KS155’. After a advanced yieldtrial at Dong Trieu, Vietnam, for the first cropping cycle in 2016, country adaptability trials were performed twice in three different countries:Vietnam, Cambodia, and Indonesia, in 2016 and 2017. ‘KM2’, a yellow intermediate seed for food and feed, adapts well to the northern Vietnam,northwestern Cambodia, and Central Java in Indonesia. It is an early maturing high-grain yield F1 hybrid. This hybrid is resistant to downymildew, but not corn rust. The silking date of ‘KM2’ is 10 days earlier than that of ‘LVN10’, a leading cultivar in Vietnam. ‘KM2’ producedgrain yields of 811 kg/10a, 845 kg/10a, and 783 kg/10a in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Indonesia, respectively, showing even higher grain yieldthan the countries’ respective leading cultivar. ‘KM2’ produced 61%, 17%, and 14% higher grain yield in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Indonesia,respectively, than their respective control cultivars (‘LVN10’, ‘CP888’, ‘P21’) (Registration No. 8192).

카로티노이드를 함유한 노랑찰옥수수 ‘황미찰’ 육성

이진석,손범영,신성휴,김정태,배환희,서민정,김상곤,백성범,박장환,이점호,김성국,정태욱,권영업 한국육종학회 2015 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2015 No.07

‘황미찰’은 자식계통 KY30을 종자친(모본)으로 하고 KY9를 화분친(부본)으로 하는 단교잡종 노랑찰옥수수이다. 황미찰은 2010년 생산력검정시험을 거쳐 2012~2014년 3년간 전국 5개 지역에서 지역적응시험을 하였으며 그 우수성이 인정되어 2014년 농촌진흥청 직무육성 신품종으로 선정되었다. ‘황미찰’은 이삭의 색이 황색인 찰옥수수로 이삭의 형태는 중간형이고 일미찰(표준품종)과 달리 웅수 영의 기부에 약하게 안토시아닌 색소를 발현한다. 출사일수는 71일, 간장은 211 cm로 일미찰과 유의한 차이가 없었으며 일미찰보다 착수고는 낮고 분지는 적으며 이삭은 작은 편이다. 황미찰은 일미찰보다 깨씨무늬병과 도복에 강하다. 3년간 지역적응시험에서 황미찰은 일미찰보다 10a당 이삭수는 많았으나 이삭중은 적었다. 품질특성에서는 일미찰보다 과피두께가 45㎛로 얇았고 카로티노이드를 32.2㎍/g 함유하고 있었으며 관능평가 결과 전체기호도가 6.1로 식미가 우수하였다. 황미찰은 강원도 및 제주도를 제외한 전국에서 재배가 가능하고 1대 교잡종이므로 매년 종자를 갱신하여 사용해야 하며 찰옥수수 열성인자를 보유하고 있어 다른 종류의 옥수수와 200m 이상 격리 재배가 반드시 필요하다. 또한 조명나방에 감수성이어서 적기 방제가 필요하고 밀식 재배시 이삭이 작아지고 이삭 끝달림이 불량해짐으로 가급적 표준 재배(60×25cm)보다 넓게 심기를 권장하며 강풍을 동반한 우기에는 배수 관리에 유의하여야 한다.

유색 옥수수 종실 호분층 분말이 첨가된 유색두부 제조

김정태,손범영,이진석,배환희,김상곤,서민정,김미정,박장환,백성범,이점호 한국국제농업개발학회 2015 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.27 No.3

유색옥수수 종실의 호분층을 첨가하여 제조된 안토시아닌이 함유된 유색두부를 개발하여 농가소득 증진을 위한 기술로 활 용하고자 수행한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 호분층 분말의 크기 와 상관없이 유색옥수수 호분층 분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록 만들어지는 두부 무게량은 증가하였다. 유색옥수수 호분층 분 말을 첨가한 두부는 100% 콩을 이용한 두부보다 일반적으로 경도가 높았다. 안토시아닌 함량 분석 결과 분말첨가량이 증 가할수록 유색두부에 포함된 안토시아닌이 증가하였다. 항산 화 활성 측정 결과에서 유색 옥수수 종실의 호분층 분말 첨가 와 항산화 활성이 옥수수 종실의 호분층 분말의 농도 의존적 으로 높아졌다. 기능성성분인 안토시아닌 등을 함유한 유색옥 수수 종실의 호분층를 이용하여 흰색두부에 보라색을 첨가하 여 시각적 효과와 기능성 등을 향상 시킬 수 있다. 더불어 국 민 소비가 많은 두부에 옥수수를 첨가하여, 점차 고급화 되어 가고 있는 소비자의 기호도에 부응할 수 있는 고품질두부 생 산에 본 연구결과가 큰 기여를 할 것으로 추정된다. This research was carried out to find the possibility to improve marketability when the colored corn was harvested late. The late harvested colored corn was classified by four type powders according to manufacturing particle size with aleurone layer of colored corn and then colored bean curd was made with the manufactured powders. Generally, colored bean curd weight was increased to add manufactured powder. Also, colored bean curd was the higher hardness than 100% soybean bean curd with no additives of manufactured powder. Cyanidin-3-glucoside was the major anthocyanin component in colored bean curd. And depending on the color corn powder content increases, total anthocyanin content in bean curd was increased. In evaluation of DPPH in colored bean curd, antioxidant activity was increased in proportion to the amount of powder of colored corn seed aleurone layer added. This experiment results can be used for the development of high quality colored bean curd with colored corn seed aleurone layer.

옥수수 생육 초기 과습 처리에 따른 효소활성 변화

김정태, 손범영, 신성휴, 이진석, 배환희, 김상곤, 정광호, 이재은, 정건호, 우관식, 백성범, 권영업 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2014 農業科學硏究 Vol.30 No.2

This study was carried out to evaluate the change of four type enzyme (ADH activity, LDH activity, α-amylase activity, β-amylase activity) activity under the flooding condition at maize seedling. At maize seeding, two hybrid maize (Kwangpyeongok and Gangdaok) showed that plant height and fresh weight was decreased when flooding periods increased. Especially, plant height and fresh weight of Gangdaok was the rapidly decline than these of Kwanpyeonok. In analyse of enzyme, ADH and α-amylase activity showed the difference of enzyme activity betweem Kwangpyeongok and Gangdaok. Kwangpeonok showed that ADH and α-amylase activity under the flooding condition were the high enzyme activity compared as non flooding treatment.

중부지역 옥수수 파종기에 따른 생육단계 및 수량성 변화

서종호, 문중경, 정건호, 서민정, 구자환, 박장환, 배환희, 신성휴, 권영업 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2014 農業科學硏究 Vol.30 No.2

Maize hybrids were planted on April 1, April 25, May 20 and June 15 in 2012, 2013 at the experimental paddy and upland fields in Suwon city , respectively to know changes of growth stage and yield according to different planting time. Maize planting on April 1 was not recommended because total growing days at planting on April 1 was not different with that at planting on April 25 due to many days from planting to emergence over 20 days at planting on April 1. Total growing days were not much different among three planting time after April 25 because days from silking to maturity was lengthened though days from planting to silking was shortened at later planting time. Stalk weight was decreased as planting time was delayed, particularly at planting times after May 20 at paddy field by excess water injury during early growth stage. But, grain yield was not low as in May and June. It is needed to introduce early maturity maize variety as Yanganok at late planting for higher grain yield and enough time for soil preparation for next winter crops