일부 직업인들의 근골격계 자각증상과 강증진생활양식간의 연관성에 관한 연구

강홍구,이은경,전선영,김상덕,정재열,이영길,장두섭,송용선,이기남,Kang Hong-Gu,Lee Eun-Kyoung,Jun Sun-Young,Kim Sang-Deok,Jeoung Jae-Yeal,Lee Yong-Gil,Jahng Doo-Sub,Song Yung-Sun,Lee Ki-Nam 대한예방한의학회 2001 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.5 No.2

In this study, grade of subjective symptom appealed by laborer of Jeollabuk-do was evaluated using questionary regarding factor made effect on musculoskeletal disease and in addition, studied relationship with health promotion life style of them. Based on the result, relationship of general characteristics of musculoskeletal subjective symptom and life-style of the subjects was concluded as below. 1. General characteristics of study subjects were as following. Ratio of male was higher as 57.7% of male and 42.2% female and age distribution was 5.1% of 20s, 34.99% of 30s, 36.3% of 40s and 23.7% of 50s and therefore, $30{\sim}40$ aged groups showed highest ratio. Most subjects (74.9%) was married status and in case of education level, high-school graduate and dropout (23.3%) and over-college graduate (46.8%) showed highest distribution. $1{\sim}2$ Mil. KRW (29.5%) and $2{\sim}2.99$ Mil. KRW (21.2%) is the main income distribution and however there was high ratio of non-reply (29.0%). In case of employment period, $10{\sim}14$ years (15.3%) and over 15 years (29.6%) showed highest ratio and there were many non-reply (39.4%) and in addition, 67.6% replied as own house and 14.3% as lease on deposit base in question of residence type. 2. Subjects showed high ratio of subjective symptom appeal of 62.79% and many cases (50.23%) appealed 1 or 2 symptoms. Symptom by body region was 29.8% (waist), 27% (shoulder), 21.2% (knee), 15.5% (neck), 9.5% (ankle), 8.1% (wrist) and 5.0% (elbow) in order. In case of relationship with general characteristics, female comparing with male, non-residence of own house, subjects with lower education level and employment period of $10{\sim}14$ years showed higher appeal rate and kind of symptoms than others. Therefore, it was concluded that rate of musculoskeletal symptom appeal have close relationship with gender, level of living, education level, age and employment period. 3. In case of severe pain of upper body except waist and ankle, it was appealed in both or right side and it means that upper body pain is originated from right side and right region pain is transited to both region pain. In addition, there was 39.41% of non-reply to existence of right-left region pain and therefore, it was evaluated that, in may cases, there was no awareness of their own symptom condition even on subjective symptom. 4. Degree of pain was, as pain over middle level, evaluated as 2.79 on full mark of 4.0 and in order of waist (2.97), ankle (2.83), knee (2.82), wrist (2.82), neck (2.79), shoulder (2.70) and elbow (2.62). In addition, 71.97% appealed $2{\sim}3$ cases for the latest 1 week. Owing to subjective symptom, 54.95% drop into hospital or pharmacy, 10.32% made temporary retirement or absence, 7.99% transferred into more comfortable duty and $39.4{\sim}54%$ experienced one or more managing mentioned above. 5. Fulfillment of health promotion life style of subjects was evaluated on full mark of 4.0 and total score was 2.63. Average mark of each area was personal relationship (3.05), self-realization (2.92), stress management (2.63), health control (2.48), physical exercise (2.19) and nutrition management (2.19) and personal relationship was highest and physical exercise and nutrition management were lowest. As general characteristics influencing health promotion life style, gender, residence style and employment period showed significant difference. Male showed higher mark than female and showed higher mark in order of own house, others, lease on deposit base, monthly rent. Subjects with longer employment period showed higher mark with significant difference. 6. Accounting of factor influencing each area of health promotion life style, self-realization showed significance in marriage status, income, residence style and education level and health control in age, residence style and employment period. Physical exercise showed significant differe

선형 위상 특성을 갖는 적응 마이크로폰 어레이

강홍구,윤대희,차일환,Kang, Hong-Gu,Youn, Dae-Hui,Cha, Il-Hwan 한국음향학회 1992 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.11 No.3

원거리 회의나 대강당 등의 회의에서 주변의 간섭 잡음을 제거하고 정해진 발언자의 음성 신호를 얻기 위하여 적응 빔 형성 기법을 이용한 방법이 연구되어 왔다. 음성 신호에 이용되는 적응 빔 기법은 레이더, 소나, 지진파 신호의 경우와는 달리 어느 정도 왜곡이 있더라도 출력 신호가 인간의 청각 특성에 적합해야 한다. Sondhi는 인간의 귀가 음성 신호의 위상에는 민감하지 않다는 성질을 이용하여 음성의 크기에 약한 제한 조건을 갖는 cost 함수를 정의하고, 이를 gradient 탐색 알고리즘을 사용하여 최적화된 필터계수를 구했다. 본 논문에서는 Sondhi가 제안한 빔 형성기의 위상 왜곡에 따른 음절 저하를 극복하기 위해 원하는 신호 방향에 대해서 선형 위상 응답 특성을 갖는 빔 형성기를 제안하였으며, 실제로 시스템을 구현할 경우 효과적으로 이용할 수 있는 샘플 처리 알고리듬을 제안하였다. 제안된 알고리듬의 성능 평가를 위하여 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. Many adaptive beamforming methods have been studied for interference cancellation and speech signal enhancement in telephone conference and auditorium. Main aspect of adaptive beamforming methods for speech signal processing is different from radar, sonar and seismic signal processing because desire output signal should be apt to the human ear. Considering that phase of speech is quite insensible to the human ear, Sondhi proposed a nonlinear constrained optimization technique whose constraint was on the magnitude transfer function from the source to the output. In real environment the phase response of the speech signal affects the human auditorium system. So it is desirable to design linear phase system. In this paper, linear phase beamformer is proposed and sample processing algorithm is also proposed for real time consideration Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm yields more consistent beam patterns and deep nulls to the noise direction than Sondhi's.

대화편 「메논」의 교육학적 해석: 참된 의견(alethes doxa)과 바른 의견(orthe doxa)을 중심으로

강홍구(Hong-Gu Kang) 한국도덕교육학회 2021 道德敎育硏究 Vol.33 No.1

이 글은 플라톤의 대화편 ｢메논｣에서 소크라테스가 제시하는 ‘참된 의견’과 ‘바른 의견’을 바탕으로 소크라테스의 교육적 관점을 탐색하는 것을 연구의 목적으로 삼고 있다. ｢메논｣은 무엇보다 소크라테스가 대화 상대자 메논과 함께 교육적 대화를 공동으로 해나가고 있는 과정을 드러내고 있는 것이기에 한편의 교육상황을 예시하고 있다. 또한, 소크라테스는 대화를 통해 덕의 획득에 대한 자신의 입장을 명확하게 표현하고 있다. 특히, 대화편 중반부와 후반부에 걸쳐 등장하는 ‘참된 의견’(alethes doxa)과 ‘바른 의견’(orthe doxa)은 소크라테스의 입장을 표현하는 개념이라고 볼 수 있다. 소크라테스는 무엇에 대해 모르고 있건 간에, 그가 모르고 있는 것들에 대한 참된 의견이 그의 안에 이미 있었다는 점을 지적한다. 곧, 참된 의견은 의견을 가지고 있는 자라면 누구나 가지고 있다고 가정해야 하는 논리적 차원의 앎이다. 논리적 차원의 앎임에도 그것을 의견으로 표현하는 것은 누구나 가지고 있는 의견의 이면에 붙박여 있다는 점 그리고 끊임없는 교육을 통해서 구현될 수 있다는 점을 드러내기 위한 것이다. 그리고 바른 의견은 힘든 여정인 교육을 통해 무지를 자각함으로써 참된 의견에 고개를 돌리게 된 상태, 앎을 향한 갈망의 상태를 말하는 것으로 보아야 한다. 물론 이 바른 의견은 끊임없는 탐구(교육)를 통해 고삐 매어져야 한다. 결국, 소크라테스는 고정된 목적으로서의 앎(지식)이 아니라 교육의 과정과 분리불가능한 앎(지식)을 참된 의견과 바른 의견을 통해서 메논(혹은 독자)에게 전달하고 있는 것이다. The purpose of this study is to investigate Socrates s educational viewpoint based on the ‘true opinion’(alethes doxa) and ‘right opinion’(orthe doxa) in Plato s Menon. Socrates articulates his position on the acquisition of virtue. In particular, ‘true opinions’ and ‘right opinions’ appearing in the dialogue can be seen as a educational concept. First, Socrates points out that ‘true opinion’ is a logical dimension that everyone who has an opinion should assume. And right opinion should be seen as a state of desire for knowledge and a state of turning to ‘true opinions’ through awareness of ignorance. This ‘right opinion’, of course, must be reinforced through education in order to ultimately lead to a state of knowledge. After all, by presenting ‘true opinion’ and ‘right opinion’, Socrates is telling Menon(or readers) not knowledge as a fixed purpose, but knowledge that is inseparable from education.

담배 모자이크 바이러스와 대두 Glycinin 유전자의 5' Leader Sequence 를 이용한 외래 유전자의 전이효율 증진

강홍구(Hong Gu Kang),박지원(Jee Won Park),김정호(Chung Ho Kim),임재윤(Jae Yun Lim),최양도(Yang Do Choi) 한국응용생명화학회 1995 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.38 No.3

To increase the expression of a foreign protein in transgenic plant, the benefits of 5`-untranslated leader sequences of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNA or soybean glycinin gene, Gy2, fused to a protein coding sequence were exploited. pGA643-derived plasmid contains 35S promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus, protein coding sequence of maize 10 kDa zero (10kZ) and Gy2 terminator. The leader from Gy2 or TMV RNA was inserted between the promoter and the coding sequence in each construct. The recombinant DNAs were introduced into tobacco plants by Agrobacterium mediated leaf disc transformation method. Although the transgene without the leader had more transcripts than the others, mRNAs containing the leader were translated more efficiently. It might be due to difference in the length of 5`-untranslated sequence and context surrounding the AUG colon, but could be sequence specific rather. These results suggest that the leader sequences of Gy2 and TMV play important roles as an enhancer in translational control of foreign gene in transgenic tobacco plant.

牛膝 메탄올 추출물이 흰쥐의 카드뮴 흡입독성완화에 미치는 영향

강홍구(Hong Gu Kang),홍지우(Ji Woo Hong),한현정(Hyun Jung Han),황유연(Hyun Jung Han),정재열(Jae Yeal Jeong),이기남(Ki Nam Lee) 한의병리학회 2004 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.18 No.6

MUSIC 알고리즘을 이용한 초고속 위협체의 도래각 추정시 도플러 영향 분석

강홍구(Hong-Gu Kang),송민기(Minki Song),신동준(Dong-Joon Shin) 한국통신학회 2016 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.11

산업장 근로자의 직종별 생활습관과 스트레스의 평가

한종민,권소희,정해경,강홍구,송용선,이기남,Han Jong-Min,Kwon So-Hee,Jung Hae-Kyoung,Kang Hong-Gu,Song Yung-sun,Lee Ki-Nam 대한예방한의학회 2004 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.8 No.1

This study was conducted to evaluated the degree of job-related life style and stress of industrial workers to present fundamental materials of preventive oriental medicine. The medical examination with oriental medicine method was performed from October 14 to November 1, 2002 for the 474 industrial workers and general characters, life style and Psychosocial Well-being Index(PWI) were collected by using self-recording type questionnaire. The results were as follows; 1) All 474 of subjects were male, job type was distributed into technician, 37.8% of them, white collar worker, blue collar worker, research worker in an orderly fashion. 2) As a result of comparison between the job types in general characters, research worker group was the highest in education level, above 10 years group in employee duration and 1.5-2.99 million won group in monthly income was the largest group in all job type and the distribution was significantly different. 3) Analyzing the difference in life style according to the job type shows that significantly highest prevalence of drinking alcohol was found in blue collar workers, they drank alcohol 2-4 times a week and that workers did not smoke in all group of job type and the prevalence of exercise was significantly high in less than 1 time a week. 4) Analyzing the difference in the degree of stress according to the job type shows that blue collar worker group had the highest score in Factor 1, Factor 4 fields, technician group had the highest score in Factor 2 field and the differences were significant. Considering above results, the present study shows that there are difference in life style and stress according to the job type in industrial workers and that health management according to job type must be required to improve health condition and to prevent disease of industrial workers in the future.

싸이클로헥센 증기 공정에 의한 산소량이 적은 실리콘카바이드 섬유의 개발

윤병일,최우철,김명주,김재성,김정일,강홍구,Yoon, Byungil,Choi, Woo Chul,Kim, Myeong Ju,Kim, Jae Sung,Kim, Jung il,Kang, Hong Gu 한국군사과학기술학회 2017 한국군사과학기술학회지 Vol.20 No.5

A chemical vapor curing method(CVC) was developed to cure polycarbosilane(PCS) fibers by using cyclohexene vapour as a non-oxygen active reactant, instead of air in oder to prepare the silicon carbide(SiC) fiber with low oxygen content. A cross-linked PCS fibers by cyclohexene vapor showed a completely different variation in IR spectra in comparison to the air-cured PCS fiber. CVC method resulted in less than 3 wt% in oxygen content. In this experiment conditions, The average tensile strength and modulus of SiC fiber obtained by CVC had 1995 MPa and 183 GPa respectively, which is higher than that of SiC fiber prepared by air-curing process.

고속도로 건설현장의 드론 활용

전기웅(Ki-woong Jeon),이정안(Jeong-an Lee),김말숙(Mal-suk Kim),강홍구(Hong-gu Kang) 대한토목학회 2020 대한토목학회지 Vol.68 No.11

만성신부전환자의 구강위생상태에 관한 역학적 조사연구

정호균,박주현,홍지원,강홍구 중앙대부설한국의과학연구소 1991 한국의과학 Vol.23 No.1