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일개 실내수영장의 공기 중 염소 및 트리할로메탄의 노출평가 및 환기 효율 평가
박해동,박현희,신정아,김태호,Park, Hae-Dong,Park, Hyun-Hee,Shin, Jung-Ah,Kim, Tae-Ho 한국환경보건학회 2010 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.36 No.5
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the air quality surrounding an indoor swimming pool, to estimate the cancer risk based on the airborne exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs), and to examine the ventilation efficiency by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Chlorine and THMs were measured poolside, and in the staff room and reception area. The indoor swimming pool was modeled using the Airpak program, with ventilation drawings and actual survey data. Temperature, flow and mean age of the air were analyzed. Levels of chlorine poolside, and in the staff room, and reception area were $203\;{\mu}g/m^3$, $5\;{\mu}g/m^3$, and $10\;{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. Chloroform was the dominant THM in all sampling sites and mean concentrations were $16.30\;{\mu}g/m^3$, $0.51\;{\mu}g/m^3$, and $0.06\;{\mu}g/m^3$ poolside, in the staff room and reception area, respectively. Bromodichloromethane and Dibromochloromethane levels were respectively estimated as $10.3\;{\mu}g/m^3$ and $1.7\;{\mu}g/m^3$ poolside, $1.3\;{\mu}g/m^3$ and $0.1\;{\mu}g/m^3$ in the staff room, and were not detected in the reception area. The cancer risks from inhalation exposure to THMs were estimated between $3.37{\times}10^{-7}$ and $1.84{\times}10^{-5}$. A short circulation phenomenon was observed from the supply air vents to the exhaust air vents located in the ceiling. A high temperature layer was formed within one meter of the ceiling, and a low temperature layer was formed under this layer due to the low velocity and high temperature of the supply air, and the improper locations of the supply air vents and exhaust air vents. The stagnation was evident at the above adult pool and the mean age of the air was 22 minutes. Disinfection by-products in the indoor swimming pool were present in higher concentrations than in the outdoor air. In order to increase the removal of pollutants, adjustment was required of the supply air volume and the supply/exhaust position.
朴海東 대구산업정보대학 1996 논문집 Vol.10 No.1
A picture of the colligraphic school-Mooninhwa means a picture that highly-educated scholars or literary men of noble birth drew as a hobby. It had been received as accomplishments of well-educated classes in the later period of Han in old China . And it was much developed in the periods of Wei and Jin in old China. Dong, Gi-Chang explained that Mooninhwa had been originated from Wang You in his Whaseonsil Essays and his opinion became an established theory. In Korea , in the later period of Lee dynasty a sharp line was drawn between the craftsmen and the literary men under the strict system of social position . Then Wandang , Kim Jeong-hee was a pioneer artist of Mooninhwa. Korean modern Mooninhwa was divided into two groups Namjonghwa and Sagoonja ,a kind of techical painting.As a whole Mooninhwa is an art which has spiritual idea , not only a style of painting.The spriitual idea has been succeeded from generation to generation. In the present age, it is much better to innovate Mooninhwa in the spiritual aspects or the art of drawing than to stick to the traditional view. Although Mooninhwa is under experiment as a painting and gets out of the original category in the style , it should keep the essential spirit-the spirit of literary men. And an oriental painting should spread all over the world.
폴리우레탄 코팅장갑내의 DMF 함량 및 피부노출에 대한 평가
박해동,노지원 한국산업보건학회 2022 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.32 No.2
Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the content of N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF) in polyurethane coated gloves(PU-gloves) and to assess the dermal exposure generated by wearing them. Methods: We analyzed the concentrations of DMF in 12 gloves by EN16778 standard. The samples cut into pieces of about 10 by 10 mm and extracted with methanol in flask in an ultrasonic bath at 70℃. An aliquot of the extract is analyzed with GC-MS. The dose of dermal exposure was calculated by ECETOC TRA consumer 3.1 and compared with derived no effect level(DNEL) for systemic effects due to long term exposure by workers. The extracted amount of DMF by saline solution was compared with that by EN16778 standard. Results: The mean concentration of DMF in PU-gloves was 1,377 ㎎/㎏(range 13~3,948 ㎎/㎏). The concentration of DMF showed significantly differences by packing type, manufacturer, and price(p<0.05). The dose of dermal exposure was 0.0007~0.572 ㎎/㎏ body weight/day when the DMF content was 10~4,000 ㎎/㎏. The DMF extracted by saline solution was around 11% for 8 hours. Conclusions: The risk of dermal exposure due to the residual DMF in the PU-gloves was not signifiant. But, the limit of 1,000 ㎎/㎏ in PU-gloves can be recommended for international standard and trading systems.