ATM망에서 Fair Queueing 알고리즘에 관한 연구

문규춘,김훈,한상엽,박광채 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 1999 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.21 No.2

B-ISDN using ATM should provide QoS of various service and also fair control for each source. In this paper, we suggested the Virtual-Time-based Round Robin(VTRR), fair scheduling algorithm guaranteeing demanded QoS. We searched the characteristic and required points possessing proper fair scheduling algorithm in high speed network. And we analyzed the performance character and simulation. The result is that VTRR is much simpler in algorithm and is better than WFQ or GPS in performance.

Carboxymethyl-chitin 제조공정의 단순화

한상문,안병제,김용우,김용범,유국현,이승진 대한화학회 2001 대한화학회지 Vol.45 No.4

CM-chitin은 화장품 분야에서 보습제, 유연제, 피부관리를 위한 세포활성제 및 미백제등으로 다양하게 이용되고 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 CM-chitin제조공정을 기존의 방법에서 몇가지 절차를 배재하여 단순화 하였다. Chitin분말을 NaOH와 혼합하고 16hrs 동안 동결 및 교반을 통해 CICH_(2)COONa와 isopropyl alcohol혼합액을 첨가하였다. 그 결과 높은 치환도의 CM-chitin을 얻을 수 있었다. The water soluble carboxymethyl-chitin(CM-chitin) has been well known to be very useful to the cosmetic field as a moisturizer, a smoothener, a cell activater and a cleaner for face skin conditioning. In this study, the preparation process of CM-chitin was simplified with elimination of some procedures in the conventional method. The chitin powder was mixed with sodium hydroxide solution. And then a mixture of sodium monochloroacetate(or monochloroacetic acid) and isopropyl alcohol(or a mixed solution with water and isopropyl alcohol) was added to thorough the agitation and the freezing during 16 hours. The CM-chitin with a high degree of substitution by the improved process was obtained.

한국 재래 산양에서 Leptospira spp.에 대한 혈청역학적 연구

한동운,권용국,문진산,윤소라,위성환,장환,탁동섭,이태욱,강문일 한국수의공중보건학회 2003 예방수의학회지 Vol.27 No.3

Between January 1999 and September 2001, 948 sera (120 from each province except 108 from Chungbuk) from 8 provinces were sampled from Korean goats. All the samples were serologically tested for Leptospira spp. By the microscopic agglutination test against four L. interrogans serovars including canicola, icterohaemorrhagiae, pomona and hardjo, 948 Korean goats were confirmed as 11 seropositives (1.2%) only infected with L. icterohemorrhagiae. All positive sera were collected from Gyeonggi (5), Gangwon (4) and Chungbuk (2). Titration of them were classified as 1:100 of 10 sera except one case with 1:200 from Gyeonggi. It was meaningful that the pathogen in Korean goats was mainly distributed in the northen part of the country. Consequently, the results in the study were confirmed and analyzed the recent status of infection of leptospirosisas zoonotic agentsome in Korean goats.

한국 재래산양에서 Bovine Viral Diarrhea, Bovine Herpesvirus-1, Parainfluenza Type-3 바이러스에 대한 혈청학적 연구

한동운,권용국,문진산,윤소라,위성환,장환,탁동섭,이태욱,강문일 한국수의공중보건학회 2003 예방수의학회지 Vol.27 No.3

The 948 goat sera were serologically tested for ten pathogens including bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), bovine herpes virus type-1 (BHV-1) and parainfluenza virus type-3 (PI-3). By viral neutralizaion test, three pathogens including BVD virus, BHV-1, PI-3 were applied for screening each neutralizing antibody and its titration. Among 948 sera, there were 215 seropositives (22.7%) against BVD virus, 25 (2.6%) against BHV-1 virus, and 161 (17.0%) against PI-3 virus, respectively. In the seropositive cases to BVD virus, provincial prevalence of them were recorded as Gyeongnam(30.8%) for the highest one, while as Jeonbuk (15.8%) and Gyeongbuk(l6.7%) relatively for the lower ones. Among them, higher than 1:8 in antibody titration was classified as 74 cases (34.4%) which were suspected the cycle of its infection in their herds. Among the seropositives to BHV-1, it was relatively lower prevalence rate ranging from 1.7% to 6.7% that those of BVD virus and PI-3, but more importantly they were prevailing across the country. Most of the seropositive cases (42.9%) to PI-3 were classified as 1:4-1:16 in titration, but also distributed all around the country. The prevalence in goats varied according to areas (15.8 to 30.8%). Related to the provincial prevalence of three viral agents in Korean goats, it seemed that three viral pathogens would be directly or indirectly involving in various disorders as primary or secondary causative agents resulting in decreased productivity.

키토산에 대한 Itaconic acid의 graft 공중합과 그 특성

한상문,윤충수,김용범 서울산업대학교 산업대학원 1999 大學院論文集 Vol.6 No.-

Chitosan was prepared from chitin which was abstracted from wasted crab shell. Then itaconic acid was graft-copolymerized onto chitosan using ceric ammonium nitrate(CAN) as a reaction initiator. To investigate the optimal grafting conditions, the influences of several factors on the grafting were studied, i.e., the concentrations of CAN and itaconic acid, the reaction temperature and time. And to find out its flocculation ability, the flocculation test was carried out with a metal plating factory waste water. The state of the graft-copolymer was identified through IR spectra checking. The optimal grafting conditions and flocculation results were shown to be: concentration of ceric ammonium nitrate is ??, reaction temperature is 40℃ and reaction time is 4hrs with 0.25M of the monomer(itaconic acid). Through flocculation tests using chitosan, grafted chitosan(CsIa) and cation, CODcr, metal ions removal rates were measured. The order of superiority is CsIa>Cs>Cation.

Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Typing에 의한 동물과 사람 유래 Vancomycin 내성 장구균의 유전학적 비교

조윤상,이희수,김종만,류판동,박용호,유한상,이문한 한국수의공중보건학회 2003 예방수의학회지 Vol.27 No.1

It has been recently reported the possibility in the transfer of antimicrobial resistant to other animals and humans. In particular, the occurrence of vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE), which have been known as a principal antimicrobial resistant bacteria in humans, has been increased as a pathogen of nosocomial infections. And then animal VRE were suspected as an origin of human VRE. In this work, we investigated the relatedness between VRE from animals and humans through random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) typing. The genetic relatedness of vanA, vanB, vanC-1 and vanC-2 genotypes was examined by RAPD typing, respectively. van4 genotypes have not been shown high genetic relationship each other, containing VRE from humans (n = 8) and chickens (n = 5). In vanB genotypes from humans (n = 3), 2 isolates were made up one cluster, shown 77.8% homology. Chicken isolates of vanC-1 genotypes (n = 11) were constituted 2 clusters and the homology of 2 clusters was 81.8% and 80.0%, respectively. In case of vanC-2 genotypes (n = 19), 2 isolates from pigs have been shown 76.9% homology. But, between VRE from animals and humans, the isolates of high genetic relationship could not be found and RAPD typing was a useful epidemiological method that could be confirmed the genetic relationship among VRE.

인터넷 소비자 감정 반응의 차원성 연구

서문식,김상희,서용한 釜山 大學校 經營 經濟 硏究所 2001 經營 經濟 硏究 Vol.20 No.1

본 연구는 인터넷 쇼핑에서 경험하는 다양한 감정의 유형을 밝혀내고 이러한 다양한 감정 유형들이 어떻게 차원화될 수 있는지를 제시하고자 한다. 이는 인터넷 쇼핑에서도 물리적 매장 쇼핑과 마찬가지로 소비자들이 다양한 감정을 경험할 것이라는 전제하에 이루어진 연구로서 기존의 인터넷 쇼핑이 주로 인지적, 기술적 요인에 초점을 두었다면 본 연구에서는 이러한 인지적 요인외에 인터넷 쇼핑에서 경험하는 감정적 요인들에 초점을 두었다. 본 연구의 목적은 인터넷 쇼핑이라는 상황에서 경험하는 감정의 유형을 제시하고, 이러한 감정 유형이 어떻게 차원화될 수 있는지를 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구는 인터넷 소비자행동 연구분야 중 소비자의 경험적 측면을 보다 폭넓게 이해할 수 있는 기준을 제공하고, 그리고 인터넷 쇼핑에 있어 소비자의 인지적 요인외에 감정적 경험의 관리에 보다 많은 관심을 기울어야 함을 시사할 수 있다라는 점에서 본 연구의 결과는 매우 중요한 의미가 있다고 할 수 있다.

2급 응급구조사의 성인외상환자에 대한 처치의 적절성 평가

장문수,어은경,김상현,김창섭,송근정,박한규,유지영,최동섭 대한응급의학회 1995 대한응급의학회지 Vol.6 No.2

In Korea, EMT have two classified subgroup of first and second degree : EMT-P, and EMT. For the beginning, authorization of the first EMT was made in this year through the EMT educational program. There are 8 items which EMT can perform the treatment without the supervision by a physician. But there was no previous report of pertinent assesment of treatment performed by the EMT. There upon authors have conducted review of assessment done by the EMT in EC setting, and proposed the following treatment application can be used by EMT at the field of accident. The study materials include adult trauma patient older than 15 years, and sustained trauma within 48 hours before visiting Ewha University DongDaeMoon Hospital Emergency Deparment. The duration of study was from Apr. 1 1995 to Aug. 31 1995. the study was conducted by 5 certified EMT. The EMT's performance was evaluated by the attending Emergency Medicine physician. The result were as followings ; 1. Among the total 5532 ED visiting patients during the study period, 1267 were adult trauma patients who recieved treatment within 48 hours of injury. 2. Among 1222 out of 1267 patients have completed performed survey. 3. Male to female ratio was 2.6 : 1, age distribution was from 15 to 87 years old and mean age was 34.6 years old. 4. The MOI showed : MVA (33.1%), blunt trauma (29.9%), slip down (16.8%), penetrating injury(15.4%), and miscellaneous (5.7 %), burn (3.1%), falling down injury(2.9 %), bite injury(1.1%) in order. 5. There were 437 cases of survey completed by the EMT. For assessment of mental status of 3 different method : AVPU, 5 scale mental status and GCS, were correlated with EM physician with 99.1%, 98.6%, 97.7 %, respectively. 6. For 320 out of 437 cases of survey completed, 319 patients recieved treatment by the EMT within 30 minute and 1 patient between 30 to 60 minute of an ED arrival. 7. For those 437 cases of survey completed, 266 patient (60.9%) had adequate treatment and 54 patients (12.4%) had inadequate treatment. 67 patient (15.3%) did not received treatment but it was adequate inway, and 50 patients (11.9%) did not received treatment even though patient required treatment. In cases of adult trauma patients, EMT's mental status assessment was correlated with EM physician's assessment. But treatment done by EMT without the supervision of EM physician was adequate only in 76.2 %. Therefore, continuous education and assessment of treatment performed by EMT in needed to improve field treatment by EMT future.

아침 식사시간의 다른 사람들에서 혈장 그렐린의 변화

이상엽,김윤진,김형회,손한철,전태용,심문섭 대한비만학회 2002 The Korean journal of obesity Vol.11 No.2

연구배경 : 최근 식욕조절인자로 관심이 집중되고 있는 그렐린(ghrelin)은 식사 전후로 독한 일중변동을 보인다. 하지만, 지금까지는 실험적으로 일정한 열량의 표준 음식을 일정한 식사시간에 공급한 이후 그렐린의 농도 변화를 관찰하였다. 저자 등은 평소 아침 식사시간이 각기 다른 사람들에서 아침 식사 전후의 혈장 그렐린 농도 변화를 관찰하여 향후 외래 환경에서도 그렐린 관련 연구가 가능하도록 기초 자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 방법 : 연구에 대한 설명을 듣고 동의한 23.4 ~ 35.5세 사이의 비교적 건강한 동양인 남자 4명을 대상으로 하였다. 신체 계측을 한 후 이중 에너지 방사선 측정법 (Lunar prodigy, GE medical systems, Waukesha, Wisconsis, USA, 이하 DEXA)으로 체지방을 측정하였다. 연구 대상자 모두 평소 아침 식사시간이 일정하였지만 연구 시작 2주전부터 아침 식사시간을 엄격히 고정하도록 하였다. 스트레스가 없는 상태에서 아침 식사를 하지 않는 지원자는 오전 6시 30분부터, 나머지는 아침식사 시간 1시간 전부터 1시간 간격으로 점심 식사 전인 오전 11시 30분까지 채혈하였다. 각각의 검체로 부터 혈장 그렐린은 상업적인 방사선면역측정법 (Phoenix Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Belmont, CA)으로 측정되었다. 랩틴은 Ⅰ-125 표지 랩틴을 이용한 이중항체 방사선면역측정법으로, 혈장 인슐린은 항체 부착관을 이용한 방사선면역측정법으로, 혈당은 포도당산화 효소법에 의해 Synchron LX 20 (Beckman Coulter, Inc, Fullerton, USA)으로 측정하였다. 결과 : 연구 대상자의 체질량지수는 22.9 ~ 27.1 kg/㎡이었고, 허리둘레는 80.3 ~ 93.3 cm이었다. DEXA로 측정한 결과 전체 체지방과 체부지방 비율은 각각 27.1 ~ 31.8%와 32.7 ~ 32.4%이었다. 아침 식사를 하지 않는 자를 제외한 나머지 연구 대상자의 아침 식사 직전의 식후 2시간의 혈장 그렐린 농도는 각각 113.0 ~ 800.0 pg/mL, 78.3 ~ 553.0 pg/mL이었고 랩틴 농도는 각각 4.9 ~ 5.1 ng/mL, 4.4 ~ 4.7 ng/mL 이었다. 혈장 그렐린 랩틴 농도는 아침 식사 직전에 비해 식사 2시간 후 각각 7.2 ~ 30.9%와 7.8 ~ 10.2%감소되었다. 아침식사를 하지 않는 대상자의 경우 인슐린과 혈당치가 변화가 없음에도 불구하고 혈장 그렐린 농도는 오전 7시 30분에 가장 낮았다. 그 외 연구 대상자에서는 각기 다른 시간이더라도 아침 식사 2시간 후의 혈장 그렐린 농도가 가장 낮았다. 결론 : 평소 아침 식사시간이 다른 사람들에게서 혈장 그렐린 농도는 각기 다른 아침 식사 2 시간 후에 가장 낮았다. 아침 식사를 하지 않는 경우에는 혈장 그렐린 농도가 오전 7시 30분에 가장 낮았다. Background : Recently, the particular interest is on ghrelin, the dietary control factor among many scientists and it a toxic diurnal variations has been demonstrated before and after meal. However, the experimental approach has been only to see the changes in the concentration of ghrelin after intake of meals standardized with fixed calories at scheduled meal hours. the authors of this particular experiment have tried to observe and record the changes in concentrations of plasma ghrelin of persons with different breakfast hours. This might help in providing a basis for further possible studies in outpatient setting. Method : A group of four relatively healthy males whose ages between 23.4 and 35.5 with prior agreements were selected for this study. After body measurements, body lipid status was measured based on Lunar prodigy (GE medical systems, Waukesha, Wisconsin, USA) which is also referred to as DEXA. All of the selected persons had somewhat fixed breakfast time; however, they were asked to strictly keep their breakfast time fixed and steady starting two weeks before the beginning of experiment. The bloods of those who skip their breakfast without any particular stress were sampled at 6:30 AM, whereas the rest had different schedule, whose bloods were sampled every hour starting 1 hour before the first meal of the day till just before lunch (11:30 Am). From each blood sample, the level of plasma ghrelin was measured using the commercial radioimmune assay (Phoenix Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Belmont, CA). Leptin was measured with double antibody radioimmune assay using Ⅰ-125 labelled leptin, plasma insulin with radioimmune assay using antibody attachment tube, and blood sugar with Synchron LX20 (Beckman Coulter, Inc, Fullerton, USA) using glucosylation enzyme method. Result : The body mass index of the volunteers was 22.9 ~ 27.1 kg/㎡, with 80.3 ~ 93.3 cm waist circumference. Based on measurements by DEXA, the rates of total body lipid and trunk lipid were each 27.1 ~ 31.8% and 32.7 ~ 32.4%, respectively. The concentrations of plasma ghrelin of those who consume their breakfast before and 2 hour after their breakfast are 113.0 ~ 800.0 pg/mL and 78.3 ~ 553.0 pg/mL. The concentrations of leptin are 4.9 ~ 5.1 ng/mL and 4.4 ~ 4.7 ng/mL. Compared to the concentration of plasma ghrelin and of leptin recorded just before breakfast, it showed 7.2 ~ 30.9% and 7.8 ~ 10.2% decrease, respectively, 2 hours after breakfast. For those who skip their breakfast, the plasma concentration of ghrelin was recorded the lowest at 7:30 AM, even though there was no change in insulin and blood sugar. The rest of the subjects had their lowest plasma ghrelin concentration at 2 hours after breakfast, despite their different meal schedule. Conclusion : The persons with different breakfast hours had their lowest plasma concentration of ghrelin at 2 hours after breakfast. In contrast, the persons who skip their breakfast had their lowest concentration at 7: 30 AM.

암 환자의 우울과 통증 : 일 예비적 연구

양문정,전양환,한상익,한치화,엄현석 대한신경정신의학회 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.6

연구목적 : 암 환자에서 우울과 통증의 정도, 우울과 통증에 영향을 줄 수 있는 요인들을 조사하고, 우울과 통증사이에 어떤 연관이 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 종양내과에 입원한 암 환자 25명(남자 : 10명, 여자 :15명)을 대상으로 하여 내과 병록지 거모, 환자 및 가족과의 면담을 시행하였다. 정신과적 진단은 DSM-IV진단 기준에 의하였으며, 우울의 정도는 Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HRSD)로 평가하였고 통증의 유무를 평가한 뒤, 통증이 있는 경우 Brief Pain Inventory(BPI)를 시행하여 통증의 강도(최대, 최소,평균,현재), 통증에 의한 기능 방해 정도, 진통제에 의한 호전정도를 점수로 평가하였다. 결 과 : 전체 환자중 주요 우울증이 32%(8명), 경도 우울증이 16%(4명), 적응장애가 16%(4명)이었다. HRSD점수는 통증의 최대강도, 평균강도, 현재강도, 통증에 의한 기능방해정도와 유의한 상관관계가 있었으나, 통증의 최소강도, 진통제에 의한 호전 정도와는 유의한 상관관계가 없었으며, 이환 기간과 HRSD점수 및 통증 점수 사이에도 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. 성별, 종교, 암의전이여부,병황의 인식 여부에 따라 HRSD점수와 통증 점수에 차이가 없었으나, 현재 미혼 또는 사별 상태에 있는 환자들에서 결혼하여 배우자가 있는 환자들보다 HRSD점수와 통증의 최소강도, 평균강도가 유의하게 높았다. 결 론 : 암환자에게서는 우울증과 통증이 있는 경우가 많았다. 우울증과 통증간에 밀접한 상관관계가 있음을 알수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 암 환자에서 우울증과 통증에 대한 보다 적극적인 평가와 개입이 이루어져야 함을 시사하는 것이다. Objective : This study was designed to evaluate how much depression and pain symptoms could be shown, what kink of factors affect them, and whether the correlation between them could be or not in patients with cancer. Methods : The subjects were composed of 25 patients with cancer who admitted a the department of oncology(male:10, female :15). We reviewed the medical record and interviewed patients and their family. A psychiatric diagnosis was made according to the criteria of the DSM-IV, and depressive symptoms were evaluated by Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HRSD). The intensity of pain(maximal, minimal, mean, present), disability due to pain, te effects of analgesics were measured by Brief Pain Inventory(BPI). Results : 32% of patients had major depressive disorders, 16% of patients had depressive disorders, NOS and 16% of the patients had adjustment disorders. The score of HRSD was significantly correlated wit the maximal intensity, mean intensity and present intensity of pain and disability due to pain, but not with minimal intensity and the effects of analgesics. Depression and pain were not correlated with duration of illness. Scores of depression and pain did not differ in sex, religion, metastasis, and the knowledge of illness. The widowed or unmarried patients showed significantly higher scores than patients living with the spouse in HRSD, minimal intensity and mean intensity of pain. Conclusion : In patients with cancer, depression and pain were highly prevalant. The relationship between depression and pain was shown in patients with cancer. These results suggest that more active evaluation and intervention of depression and pain should be carried out in patients with cancer.