악교정 수술을 요하는 골격성 3급 부정교합 환자의 상악 기저골 형태에 관한 연구

안홍식,차경석 단국대학교 치의학연구소 1995 논문집 Vol.7 No.1

This study has been performed to determine whether significant differences in the maxillary basal bone pattern exist between skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion and normal occlusion. Materials for the skeletal Class Ⅲ sample consisted of lateral cephalometric roentgenograms and maxillary cast models of 29 adult individuals, 15 males and 14 females. The average age was 19.75 years with a range from 16.4 to 29.1 years. A normal control sample consisted of lateral cephalometric roentgenograms and maxillary cast models of 24 adult individuals, 13 males and 11 females. The average age was 24.25 years with a range from 20.8 to 29.4 years. The results of this study can be summarized and concluded as like follows. 1. In comparing sexual difference of maxillary basal bone morphology in skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion, the following parameters of males were found to be significally larger than those of females: inter first premolar width; inter molar width, oblique canine height, oblique molar height and maxillary basal bone perimeter. 2. In comparing sexual difference of maxillary basal bone morphology in normal occlusion, the following parameters of males were found to be significally larger than those of females: inter canine width, inter first and second premolar width, inter molar width, oblique canine height and oblique molar height. 3. In comparing maxillary basal bone morphologic difference between skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion and normal occlusion in males, the following parameters were found to be significally larger in normal occlusion: inter canine width, inter canine height, inter molar height, oblique canine height and oblique molar height. 4. In comparing maxillary basal bone morphologic difference between skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion and normal occlusion in females, the following parameters were found to be significally larger in normal occlusion inter canine height, inter molar height, oblique canine height, oblique molar height and maxillary basal bone perimeter.

악교정 수술을 요하는 골격성 3급 부정교합 환자의 상악 기저골 형태에 관한 연구

안홍식,차경석 단국대학교 치의학연구소 1995 단국대치의학연구소논문집 Vol.7 No.1

항정신병약물 사용 중인 정신분열병 환자에서 올란자판으로의 교체 방법에 관한 연구(II) : Comparison of Safety 안전성 비교

안용민,권용실,권준수,민성호,박두병,양문정,소형석,송종호,신윤식,우행원,유범희,이홍석,정한용,한창환,김용식 大韓神經精神醫學會 2002 신경정신의학 Vol.41 No.5

연구목적: 이 다기관 공동임상연구는 사용 중인 항정신병약물을 ’직접 교체 방법’또는 ’시작-감량 교체 방법’중 한 가지 방법으로 올란자핀으로 교체한 후, 안정성 측면에서 두 교체 방법 간의 비교와 교체후의 변화를 관찰하기 위한 것이다. 방법: 국내 13개 병원의 입원 및 외래에 내원한 환자들 중 ICD-10 지단기준으로 정신분열병에 해당되며, 임상적으로 항정신병약물 교체가 필요한 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 두 가지 교체 방법 중 한 가지를 무작위로 피험자에 적용하였으며, ’직접 교체 방법’에 배정된 경우에는 사용중인 항정신병약물을 일시에 중단하고 10㎎의 올란자핀을 바로 투여하였고, ’시작-감량 교체 방법’에 배정된 경우는 10㎎의 올란자핀 투여하고 2주에 걸쳐서 기존 약물을 감량하여 중단하였다. 올란자핀 사용기간은 총 6주이며, 용량은 5∼20㎎ 범위로 제한하였다. 한정성 평가를 위해서 체중, 생명징후, 자발적인 이상반응 복, 실험실 검사 그리고 Simpson-Angus Scale(SAS), Barnes akathisia rating scale(BARS), Abnormal involuntary movement scale(AIMS). Liverpool University neuroleptic side effect rating scale(LUNSERS)등을 이용하였다. 결과: 총 103명의 정신분열병 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 사용한 올란자핀의 용량, 벤조디아제핀의 병용률, 탈락률과 탈락 사유, 자발적인 이상반응 보고, 생명징후, 실험실 검사 그리고 대부분의 부작용 척도 상에서 임상적으로 의미 있는 차이를 두 교체 방법간에 발견하지 못하였다. 다만 AIMS의 감소는 ’직접 교체 방법’군에서 보다 적었고, 항콜린제의 병용률은 ’시작-감량 교체 방법’군에서 보다 많았다. 기저 상태에서 전체 피험자의 SAS와 BARS 점수는 각각 3.5점과 1.8점이었으며 70% 이상의 피험자가 고프로락틴 혈증을 보였다. 올란자핀으로 교체한 후, SAS, BARS, AIMS 점수의 유의한 감소가 있었으며 고프로락틴 혈증을 보인 피험자 분율도 약 30%이하로 감소하였다. 그러나 교체 방법과 상관없이 올란자핀 교체 후 유의한 체중 증가가 있었다. 결론: 이 연구를 통해 교체 방법에 관계없이 비교적 안전하고 용이하게 올란자핀으로 교체 할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 기존 항정신병약물을 올란자핀으로 교체함으로써 일부 부작용들을 줄일 수 있음을 간접적으로 관찰할 수 있었다. 하지만 이 연구는 여러 제한점과 문제점을 지니고 있기 때문에 보다 체계적인 연구를 통해 검정이 필요하리라 생각된다. Objectives: This multicenter clinical trial involving 13 hospital sites compared the safely of switching to olanzapine between ’direct switching method’ and ’start-tapering switching method’. Method: This study included both inpatients and outpatients who fulfilled the criteria for schizophrenia as defined in the ICD-10, and were in need to be appropriate for switching antipsychotics. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of the two switching methods. For ’direct switching method’group, previous antipsychotics were abruptly discontinued and 10㎎ of olanzapine was administered, and previous antipsychotics was gradually tapered for 2 weeks. Olanzapine was used for 6 weeks and the dose was adjusted within the range of 5-20㎎. The safety of switching to olanzapine was measured with vital sings including body weight, adverse events reported spontaneously, laboratory tests, and various scales such as Simpson-Angus Scale(SAS), Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale(BARS). Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale(AIMS), and Liverpool University Neuroleptic Side Effect Rating Scale(LUNSERS). Results: 103 patients were switched to olanzapine in this study. The comparison between two switching methods did not show any significant difference in the dosage of olanzapine used, the concomitant use of benzodiazepine, the rate and reasons of drop-out, the adverse events, vital signs, laboratory tests, and most scales for measuring side-effects. However, the decrease in AIMS scores was significantly lower in ’direct switching method’ group, and the concomitant use of anticholinergics was comparatively greater in ’start-tapering switching method’ group. At baseline, SAS and BARS scores were 3.5 and 1.8 points respectively, and more than 70% of the subjects showed hyperprolactinemia. After switching to olanzapine, SAS, BARS, and AIMS scores were significantly decreased and the proportion of the patients with hyperprolactinemia was also decreased to less than 30%. However significant weight gain after the treatment of olanzapine was observed regardless of switching method. Conclusion: This study may suggest that switching to olanzapine can be done with relatively high safety regardless of switching methods and olanzapine can significantly decrease some side-effects induced by other antipsychotics.

악교정 수술을 요하는 골격성 3급 부정교합 환자의 상악 기저골 형태에 관한 연구

안홍식,차경석 대한치과교정학회 1995 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.25 No.5

본 연구는 골격성 3급 부정교합 환자의 악교정 수술시 나타날 수 있는 중안모의 부조화에 대해 영향을 미치는 하부경조직 특히 상악 기저골 형태에 관해 연구해 보고자 단국대학교 치과대학 부속치과병원 교정과에 내원하여 술전 교정치료 및 술후 교정치료 중인 성인 환자 남성 15명, 여성 14명, 총 29명과 대조군으로 동 교정과에서 소장하고 있는 성인 정상 교합자의 자료 중 남성 13명, 여성 11명, 총 24명을 대상으로 측모 두부 방사선사진과 상악 석고모형을 이용하여 두 군간의 상악 기저골에 대한 형태적 차이를 연구해 본 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 골격성 3급 부정교합군의 상악 기저골 형태에 대한 성별간의 비교 결과, 여성 보다 남성에서 제1소구치부 폭경, 제1대구치부 폭경과 oblique canine height, oblique molar height 그리고 상악 기저골 둘레 길이가 더 크게 나타났다. 2. 정상교합군의 상악 기저골 형태에 대한 성별간의 비교 결과, 여성 보다 남성에서 견치부 폭경, 제1, 제2소구치부 폭경, 제1대구치부 폭경 그리고 oblique canine height, oblique molar height가 더 크게 나타났다. 3. 골격성 3급 부정교합군과 정상교합군 중 남성간의 상악 기저골 형태 비교에서 정상교합군의 견치부 폭경과 견치부 장경, 제1대구치부 장경, oblique canine height, oblique molar height가 3급 부정교합군 보다 더 크게 나타났다. 4. 골격성 3급 부정교합군과 정상교합군 중 여성간의 상악 기저골 형태 비교에서 정상교합군의 견치부 장경, 제1대구치부 장경, oblique canine height 그리고 oblique molar height와 상악 기저골 둘레길이가 3급 부정교합군 보다 더 크게 나타났다. This study has been performed to determine whether significant differences in the maxillary basal bone pattern exist between skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion and normal occlusion. Materials for skeletal Class Ⅲ sample consisted of lateral cephalometric roentgenograms and maxillary cast models of 29 adult individuals, 15 males and 14 females. The average age was 19.75 years with a range from 16.4 to 29.1 years. A normal control sample consisted of lateral cephalometric roentgenograms and maxillary cast models of 24 adults individuals, 13 males and 11 females. The average age was 24.25 years with a range from 20.8 to 29.4 years. The results of this study can be summarized and concluded as like follows. 1. In comparing sexual difference of maxillary basal bone morphology in skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion, the following parameters of males were found to be significally larger than those of females : inter first premolar width, inter molar width, oblique canine height, oblique molar height and maxillary basal bone perimeter. 2. In comparing sexual difference of maxillary basal bone morphology in normal occlusion, the following parameters of males were found to be significally larger than those of females : inter canine width, inter first and second premolar width, inter molar width, oblique canine height and oblique molar height. 3. In comparing maxillary basal bone morphologic difference between skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion and normal occlusion in males, the following parameters were found to be significally larger in normal occlusion : inter canine width, inter canine height, inter molar height, oblique canine height and oblique molar height. 4. In comparing maxillary basal bone morphologic difference between skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion and normal occlusion in females, the following parameters were found to significally larger in normal occlusion : inter canine height, inter molar height, oblique canine height, oblique molar height and maxillary basal bone perimeter.

환율 결정 이론의 변천과 최근 동향

안홍식 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1993 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.62 No.2

Theories of exchange rate determination can be traced to the bullionist debate of the late eighteenth century. Since the introduction of Cassels theory of purchasing power parity in 1920s, elasticity approach, absorption approach, and Mundell-Fleming model were developed as theories explaining the relationship between balance of payments and exchange rates. Those approaches, which had dominated the international economic theory until 1960s, have focused on the role of exchange rates in balancing the flow of foreign currency demanded with the flow of foreign currency supplied. The way in which economists think about exchange rate determination has changed considerably since the advent of floating exchange rates in 1973. The so called stock view (asset market view) has received a great attention in the literature during the pst twenty years. The principal tenet of stock view is that the exchange rate is determined not by balancing flow demands and flow supplies of foreign currencies, but rather by balancing demand for and supplies of stocks of foreign assets. In the first part, this paper examines the flow view and the purchasing power parity. It then examines the stock view by discussing the theoretical issues and the empirical evidence on the monetary models and portfolio balance models. The broad conclusion on the asset market view is that the asset market models have performed well for the inflationary periods such as the inter-war period (1920s) and for the first part of the recent floating experience (1973-78) [Frenkel(1976), Bilson(1978), Dornbusch(1979(, Frankel(1979), and Branson and Halttunen(1979)). However, they have clearly failed to provide an adequate explanation of the (at least shorter-run) movements in exchange rates among major currencies (including U.S.dollar) during the latter part of the float(1979-present)[Boughton(1988a)]. None of the structural exchange models using the asset approach outperforms the simple random walk model in the out-out-sample forecasting performance [Meese and Rogoff(1983)]. The alleged sources of failure in the case of single equation (reduced form) asset market models are as follows : model misspecification [Meese(1990)], nonstationarity of exchange rate variables, failure of purchasing power parity due to price stickiness, risk premium [Hsieh(1984)], unstable money demand function, rational bubbles [Borensztein(1987)], imperfect expectation mechanism[Froot and Frankel(1989)], and real disturbances [De Grauwe(1989)]. With the failure of the simple asset models, foreign exchange market participants are increasingly using the technical (or chart analysis) method for forecast at the shorter horizons [Taylor and Allen(1992)]. However, it seems that they are still very much interested in the fundamental at the longer horizons. In conclusion, the future research direction ought to be focused on modeling the fundamental determinants of long-term exchange rates as well as accumulating experience from the technical analysis for forecasting short-term exchange rates[MacDonald and Taylor(1992)].

BCG를 대량 투여 받은 생쥐 가슴샘 겉질의 미세구조

고정식,안의태,박경호,우성임,한영복,경홍기 대한해부학회 1997 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.30 No.3

연령증가에 따른 생쥐 혈액-가슴샘 관문의 미세구조

안의태,최석봉,고정식,경홍기,한영복 대한해부학회 1994 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.27 No.4

종양치료제가 Ehrlich 암세포를 이식한 생쥐 가슴샘겉질에 미치는 영향 - 전자현미경적 연구

안의태,고정식,박경호,최석봉,한영복,경홍기,문정조 대한해부학회 1997 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.30 No.3

김치유래 젖산균의 균체지방산 분석을 이용한 분류학적 연구

이정숙,정민철,김우식,이근철,김홍중,박찬선,이헌주,주윤정,이근종,안종석,박완,박용하,민태익 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.2

표준균주를 포함한 230여개의 김치유래 젖산균에 대한 균체지방산(FAMEs)을 분석하였다. FAMEs profiles는 Euclidian Distance 17.5에 의해 7개의 Major Cluster와 1개의 Single Cluster로 나뉘어졌다. 이중 A, B, C 및 Cluster는 Leuconostoc속으로 분석되어졌고, F는 Lactobacillus속으로 분석되어졌다. 그리고 E와 G cluster는 두개의 Genus가 혼재되어 나타났으며 보충적인 연구가 필요하다. 앞으로 김치유래 젖산균의 균체지방산 분석결과를 기반으로 한 데이타베이스에 95가지 탄소원을 이용하는 수치분류학적 접근방법 및 Pyrolysis Mass Spectrometry 등의 화학적 분석 방법과 분자친화적 연구를 통한 종합적 분류정보 체계가 갖추어지면 젖산균의 신속, 정확한 동정 및 연구에 활발히 이용되어질 것이다. Two hundreds and thirty lactic acid bacteria, mostly isolated from Kimchi, including type strains were sued for analysis of cellular fatty acids. The 230 test strains were recoverd in 7 major and 1 single clusters defined a Euclidian distance of 17.5. These aggregate taxa were equivalent to the genus Leuconostoc (aggregate group A, B, C and D), and the genera Leuconostoc and Lactobacillus (aggregate group G). It is concluded as evident that FAMEs (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) profile of cell can be used as a criterion in classification of lactic acid bacterial from kimchi. Additional comparative taxonomic studies need to be carried out on well chosen representative strains to determine the most appropriate methods of value.

Characterization of agronomic traits of insect resistant GM Kimch cabbage

Hong-Il Ahn,Kong-Sik Shin,Hee-Jong Woo,Yong-Hwan Park,Jin-Hyoung Lee,Yang Qin,Seok-Man Kim,Soon-Jong Kweon,Hyun-Suk Cho,Myung-Ho Lim 한국육종학회 2012 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2012 No.07

A Transgenic Kimch cabbage has been developed harboring T-DNAs expressing delta-endotoxin insecticidal protein, herbicide (basta) resistant protein, and antisense transcript of AsMADS2 gene. Three transgenic lines, #24, #45, and #51, originated from the same T0 plant were analyzed in terms of molecular characterization, phenotype, and agronomic traits. Flanking sequence analysis confirmed that T-DNA, with 7132 bp intact structure, was inserted onto the pseudochromosome A10 of B. rapa and all the genes in T-DNA were functionally active. Three of GM cabbage showed 69.2~75.3% of plant height and 81.8~89.7% of diameter to those of the isogenic variety ‘Nowon’, respectively. Curving upward leaf lamina attitude was observed on GM cabbage, while straight or slight concave on non-GM cabbage. In addition, an average range of 86~91.5% of head height and 87.4~94.8% of head diameter were observed on GM cabbage to those of the isogenic variety ‘Nowon’, respectively Moreover, curled inwards or slight overlap of head-forming leaf overlap at terminal region was observed on GM cabbage, but curled outwards or erect on non-GM cabbage. AsMADS2, a transcription factor reported to be involved in early flowering, was stably expressed to RNA in the GM cabbage, but it was not shown the significant influences to flowering time.