防風通聖散加味方이 肥滿誘導 白鼠와 脂肪細胞 分化에 미치는 影響

안홍식,이진용,김덕곤 대한한방소아과학회 2006 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.20 No.1

Objective: This experimental study was designed to determine the anti-obestic effects of Bangpoongtongsungsankamibang(BTSK). Methods: In vitro, BTSK extracts of various concentration (50, 100, 200 ㎍/㎖) were added in 3T3-L1 cell. Adipocyte differentiation was measured by Oil Red O staining and morphological examination. The protein and mRNA expression of C/EBPα and PPARγ receptor was measured by western blot assay and RT-PCR. In vivo, BTSK extracts of various concentration (100, 200 ㎍/㎖) were orally administered to induced hyperlipidemic rats by poloxamer-407 for consecutive four weeks and serum triglyceride, total cholesterol were measured. This method applied to induced hyperlipidemic rats by triton WR-1339, too. Obesity induced rats by the high fat-diet for six weeks were orally administered BTSK extracts of various concentration (100, 200 ㎍/㎖) and serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL- cholesterol, hydroxy radical, superoxide dismuatse activity were measured. Results : Ⅰ. In vitro 1. The 3T3-L1 cells’ differentiation was significantly decreased by BTSK. 2. The expression of C/EBPα and PPARγ was was significantly decreased by BTSK. Ⅱ. In vivo 1. BTSK significantly reduced serum triglyceride, total cholesterol contents in poloxamer-407 treated rat. 2. BTSK significantly reduced serum triglyceride contents in Triton WR-1339 treated rat. But Total cholesterol did not show a significant change. 3. BTSK significantly reduced body weight gain of rat and adipose tissue mass of rats and serum triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol contents and significantly increased HDL-cholesterol, HTR(HDL-cholesterol/Total-cholesterol) in rats with obesity induced by the high fat-diet. 4. BTSK reduced blood lipid peroxide, hydroxy radical and increased superoxide dismuatse(SOD) activity.

最近 新保護主義의 擡頭와 韓·美 貿易摩擦

安洪植,丁道聲 梨花女子大學校 法政大學 1987 社會科學論集 Vol.7 No.-

악교정 수술을 요하는 골격성 3급 부정교합 환자의 상악 기저골 형태에 관한 연구

안홍식,차경석 단국대학교 치의학연구소 1995 논문집 Vol.7 No.1

This study has been performed to determine whether significant differences in the maxillary basal bone pattern exist between skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion and normal occlusion. Materials for the skeletal Class Ⅲ sample consisted of lateral cephalometric roentgenograms and maxillary cast models of 29 adult individuals, 15 males and 14 females. The average age was 19.75 years with a range from 16.4 to 29.1 years. A normal control sample consisted of lateral cephalometric roentgenograms and maxillary cast models of 24 adult individuals, 13 males and 11 females. The average age was 24.25 years with a range from 20.8 to 29.4 years. The results of this study can be summarized and concluded as like follows. 1. In comparing sexual difference of maxillary basal bone morphology in skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion, the following parameters of males were found to be significally larger than those of females: inter first premolar width; inter molar width, oblique canine height, oblique molar height and maxillary basal bone perimeter. 2. In comparing sexual difference of maxillary basal bone morphology in normal occlusion, the following parameters of males were found to be significally larger than those of females: inter canine width, inter first and second premolar width, inter molar width, oblique canine height and oblique molar height. 3. In comparing maxillary basal bone morphologic difference between skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion and normal occlusion in males, the following parameters were found to be significally larger in normal occlusion: inter canine width, inter canine height, inter molar height, oblique canine height and oblique molar height. 4. In comparing maxillary basal bone morphologic difference between skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion and normal occlusion in females, the following parameters were found to be significally larger in normal occlusion inter canine height, inter molar height, oblique canine height, oblique molar height and maxillary basal bone perimeter.

환율 결정 이론의 변천과 최근 동향

안홍식 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1993 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.62 No.2

Theories of exchange rate determination can be traced to the bullionist debate of the late eighteenth century. Since the introduction of Cassels theory of purchasing power parity in 1920s, elasticity approach, absorption approach, and Mundell-Fleming model were developed as theories explaining the relationship between balance of payments and exchange rates. Those approaches, which had dominated the international economic theory until 1960s, have focused on the role of exchange rates in balancing the flow of foreign currency demanded with the flow of foreign currency supplied. The way in which economists think about exchange rate determination has changed considerably since the advent of floating exchange rates in 1973. The so called stock view (asset market view) has received a great attention in the literature during the pst twenty years. The principal tenet of stock view is that the exchange rate is determined not by balancing flow demands and flow supplies of foreign currencies, but rather by balancing demand for and supplies of stocks of foreign assets. In the first part, this paper examines the flow view and the purchasing power parity. It then examines the stock view by discussing the theoretical issues and the empirical evidence on the monetary models and portfolio balance models. The broad conclusion on the asset market view is that the asset market models have performed well for the inflationary periods such as the inter-war period (1920s) and for the first part of the recent floating experience (1973-78) [Frenkel(1976), Bilson(1978), Dornbusch(1979(, Frankel(1979), and Branson and Halttunen(1979)). However, they have clearly failed to provide an adequate explanation of the (at least shorter-run) movements in exchange rates among major currencies (including U.S.dollar) during the latter part of the float(1979-present)[Boughton(1988a)]. None of the structural exchange models using the asset approach outperforms the simple random walk model in the out-out-sample forecasting performance [Meese and Rogoff(1983)]. The alleged sources of failure in the case of single equation (reduced form) asset market models are as follows : model misspecification [Meese(1990)], nonstationarity of exchange rate variables, failure of purchasing power parity due to price stickiness, risk premium [Hsieh(1984)], unstable money demand function, rational bubbles [Borensztein(1987)], imperfect expectation mechanism[Froot and Frankel(1989)], and real disturbances [De Grauwe(1989)]. With the failure of the simple asset models, foreign exchange market participants are increasingly using the technical (or chart analysis) method for forecast at the shorter horizons [Taylor and Allen(1992)]. However, it seems that they are still very much interested in the fundamental at the longer horizons. In conclusion, the future research direction ought to be focused on modeling the fundamental determinants of long-term exchange rates as well as accumulating experience from the technical analysis for forecasting short-term exchange rates[MacDonald and Taylor(1992)].

우리나라 輸出 및 輸入函數의 構造變化 分析

安洪植,金允煥 梨花女子大學校 法政大學 1985 社會科學論集 Vol.5 No.-

시론 : 행정구역 개편 , 이렇게 생각한다

안홍식,송무훈 대한지방행정공제회 1994 地方行政 Vol.43 No.487

우리나라 送油管事業의 石油輸送體系에 미치는 影響에 관한 硏究

安弘植 건국대학교 행정대학원 1994 建國大學校 行政大學院 硏究論叢 Vol.22 No.-

악교정 수술을 요하는 골격성 3급 부정교합 환자의 상악 기저골 형태에 관한 연구

안홍식,차경석 단국대학교 치의학연구소 1995 단국대치의학연구소논문집 Vol.7 No.1

경제학교육의 현황과 발전방향

안홍식,An, Hong-Sik 한국대학교육협의회 1984 大學敎育 Vol.12 No.-

악교정 수술을 요하는 골격성 3급 부정교합 환자의 상악 기저골 형태에 관한 연구

안홍식,차경석 대한치과교정학회 1995 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.25 No.5

본 연구는 골격성 3급 부정교합 환자의 악교정 수술시 나타날 수 있는 중안모의 부조화에 대해 영향을 미치는 하부경조직 특히 상악 기저골 형태에 관해 연구해 보고자 단국대학교 치과대학 부속치과병원 교정과에 내원하여 술전 교정치료 및 술후 교정치료 중인 성인 환자 남성 15명, 여성 14명, 총 29명과 대조군으로 동 교정과에서 소장하고 있는 성인 정상 교합자의 자료 중 남성 13명, 여성 11명, 총 24명을 대상으로 측모 두부 방사선사진과 상악 석고모형을 이용하여 두 군간의 상악 기저골에 대한 형태적 차이를 연구해 본 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 골격성 3급 부정교합군의 상악 기저골 형태에 대한 성별간의 비교 결과, 여성 보다 남성에서 제1소구치부 폭경, 제1대구치부 폭경과 oblique canine height, oblique molar height 그리고 상악 기저골 둘레 길이가 더 크게 나타났다. 2. 정상교합군의 상악 기저골 형태에 대한 성별간의 비교 결과, 여성 보다 남성에서 견치부 폭경, 제1, 제2소구치부 폭경, 제1대구치부 폭경 그리고 oblique canine height, oblique molar height가 더 크게 나타났다. 3. 골격성 3급 부정교합군과 정상교합군 중 남성간의 상악 기저골 형태 비교에서 정상교합군의 견치부 폭경과 견치부 장경, 제1대구치부 장경, oblique canine height, oblique molar height가 3급 부정교합군 보다 더 크게 나타났다. 4. 골격성 3급 부정교합군과 정상교합군 중 여성간의 상악 기저골 형태 비교에서 정상교합군의 견치부 장경, 제1대구치부 장경, oblique canine height 그리고 oblique molar height와 상악 기저골 둘레길이가 3급 부정교합군 보다 더 크게 나타났다. This study has been performed to determine whether significant differences in the maxillary basal bone pattern exist between skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion and normal occlusion. Materials for skeletal Class Ⅲ sample consisted of lateral cephalometric roentgenograms and maxillary cast models of 29 adult individuals, 15 males and 14 females. The average age was 19.75 years with a range from 16.4 to 29.1 years. A normal control sample consisted of lateral cephalometric roentgenograms and maxillary cast models of 24 adults individuals, 13 males and 11 females. The average age was 24.25 years with a range from 20.8 to 29.4 years. The results of this study can be summarized and concluded as like follows. 1. In comparing sexual difference of maxillary basal bone morphology in skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion, the following parameters of males were found to be significally larger than those of females : inter first premolar width, inter molar width, oblique canine height, oblique molar height and maxillary basal bone perimeter. 2. In comparing sexual difference of maxillary basal bone morphology in normal occlusion, the following parameters of males were found to be significally larger than those of females : inter canine width, inter first and second premolar width, inter molar width, oblique canine height and oblique molar height. 3. In comparing maxillary basal bone morphologic difference between skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion and normal occlusion in males, the following parameters were found to be significally larger in normal occlusion : inter canine width, inter canine height, inter molar height, oblique canine height and oblique molar height. 4. In comparing maxillary basal bone morphologic difference between skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion and normal occlusion in females, the following parameters were found to significally larger in normal occlusion : inter canine height, inter molar height, oblique canine height, oblique molar height and maxillary basal bone perimeter.