중국아동문학교육의 현황과 과제

김영옥 한국문학교육학회 2003 문학교육학 Vol.12 No.-

This thesis is designed to study the present situation and the subjects of the children literature education in China. With the changes and development of Chinese education, Chinese children literature education also experiences great changes and development. Chinese education and literatme education are two important parts of children education. This thesis investigates the characteristics of literature education in Chinese primary school education in detail, through the analysis of changes and development of Chinese primary school syllabus and teaching materials. In part one, we investigate the characteristics of the former reform in Chinese primary school syllabus and teaching materials. In part two, we indicate the characteristics of primary school literature education through the analysis of present syllabus and teaching materials. In the last part, we point out the subjects and aim of Chinese primary school literature education in future.

중국에서의 한국어(조선어) 교육에 관한 고찰

김영옥 청람어문교육학회 2003 청람어문교육 Vol.26 No.-

이 글에서는 중국에서의 한국어(조선어) 교육의 역사와 현황을 고찰하고 그 성과와 문제점들을 짚어보았다. 중국에서의 한국어(조선어) 교육은 두 가지 의미를 가지고 있다. 즉 조선족들을 위한 민족어 교육으로서의 학교 교육과 중국인을 위한 제2언어로서의 한국어(조선어) 교육이다. 중국에는 약 200만 명의 조선족들이 살고 있다. 그들은 중국의 소수민족(少數民族) 교육 정책에 따라 어릴 적부터 정규적인 민족어 교육을 받을 수 있다. 민족 집거(潗居) 지역을 중심으로 유치원부터 고등학교까지 한국어(조선어) 교육이 보편화되어 있으며, 「조선어문(朝鮮語文) 」,과 「한어문(漢語文)」을 동시에 배운다. 제2언어로서의 한국어(조선어) 교육은 주로 중국인을 대상으로 하고 중국과 남복한의 여러 분야의 교류에 필요한 인재와 전문 인력을 양성하기 위한 교육이다. 현재까지 중국에서의 한국어(조선어) 교육은 비록 굴곡적인 과정도 거치기는 했지만 매우 큰 성과를 이룩하였다. 그러나 한국어(조선어) 교육에 여러 가지 한계와 문제점들이 존재하고 있는 것도 엄연한 사실이다. 중국에서의 한국어(중국어) 교육의 이러한 한계와 문제점들은 중국 교육 제도와 교육 과정 자체와 연관되기도 한다. 그러나 교재 ·문법체계·고유문화 등 여러 가지 면에서 남북한의 전폭적인 지원과 밀접한 교류와 협력이 절대적으로 필요한 문제 이기도 하다. 중국에서의 한국어(조선어) 교육을 더욱 활성화하고 발전시키려면 한국어(조선어) 교육에 관심이 있는 모든 사람들의 지속적인 노력이 필요할 것이다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the history and the actual conditions of the Korean Language Education in China and get the results and problems of it. There are two meanings in the Korean Language Education of China. One is the racial language education for China-Koreans in schools and the other is as the second language for Chinese. China has about two millions of China-Koreans. They can be educated regularly in racial language from their childhood according to the Educational Policy for a minority in China. The Korean Language is educated generally from kindergarten to high school around China-Koreans town. China-Koreans learn both Korean Language and Chinese Language. The Korean Language Education as the second language is generally for Chinese and for raising a man of ability and professional work forces needed in various parts of exchange between China and South and North Korea Up to now, the Korean Language Education in China obtains excellent results in spite of the difficult process. However, there are also many limits and problems in the Korean Language Education, This problem in China is related to Chinese Educational System and the Curriculum itself. And the problem needs strong support, exchange and cooperation between South and North Korea in many areas such as teaching materials, grammatical system and traditional culture. It needs continuous concerns and efforts of the people to activate and develop the Korean Language Education in China.

RNA sequencing reveals that Prx II gene knockout can down-regulate the allograft rejection of dermal mesenchymal stem cells

Han Ying-Hao,Mao Ying-Ying,Yu Nan-Nan,Jin Mei-Hua,Jin Ying-Hua,Wang Ai-Guo,Zhang Yong-Qing,Shen Gui-Nan,Cui Yu-Dong,Yu Li-Yun,Lee Dong-Seok,Jo Yu-Jin,Sun Hu-Nan,Kwon Jeongwoo,권태호 한국응용생명화학회 2020 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.63 No.3

In this study, we used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to analyze and compare bulk cell samples from wild-type (WT) dermal mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs) (n = 3) and Prx II knockout DMSCs (n = 3). The purpose of the study was to elucidate the role of Prx II on allogeneic immune rejection of transplanted DMSCs. The results revealed differential expression of 472 genes (176 up-regulated and 296 down-regulated; p ≤ 0.05) between the PrxII+/+ (WT) and PrxII−/− sample groups. When highly regulated genes were categorized according to the Gene Ontology (GO) molecular function classification and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, the PrxII−/− samples showed a robust downward trend in allograft rejection. The study identified 43 all immunologically rejected differentially expressed genes, of which 41 showed lower expression in the PrxII−/− vs. PrxII+/+ (WT) samples. These findings suggest that Prx II gene knockout may down-regulate the allograft rejection that occurs during DMSCs transplantation and improve the survival rate of DMSCs in the host. This study provides a new perspective on the clinical treatment of stem cell transplantation.

Anti-inflammatory effect of hispidin on LPS induced macrophage inflammation through MAPK and JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathways

Han Ying-Hao,Chen Dong-Qin,Jin Mei-Hua,Jin Ying-Hua,Li Jing,Shen Gui-Nan,Li Wei-Long,Gong Yi-Xi,Mao Ying-Ying,Xie Dan-Ping,Lee Dong-Seok,Yu Li-Yun,Kim Sun-Uk,김지수,권태호,Cui Yu-Dong,Sun Hu-Nan 한국응용생명화학회 2020 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.63 No.3

Severe inflammatory reactions caused by macrophage activation can trigger a systemic immune response. In the present study, we observed the anti-inflammatory properties of hispidin on LPS induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Our results showed that hispidin treatment significantly reduced the production of cellular NO, IL-6 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) while has not inhibitory effect on TNF-α productions. Excitingly, hispidin treatment retains the phagocytosis ability of macrophages which enabling them to perform the function of removing foreign invaders. Signaling studies showed, hispidin treatment dramatic suppressed the LPS induced mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) and JAK/STAT activations. In conclusion, our findings suggest that hispidin may be a new therapeutic target for clinical treatment of macrophages-mediated inflammatory responses.

L-carnitine treatment attenuates renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction

( Hai Yan Zhao ),( Hui Ying Li ),( Jian Jin ),( Ji Zhe Jin ),( Long Ye Zhang ),( Mei Ying Xuan ),( Xue Mei Jin ),( Yu Ji Jiang ),( Hai Lan Zheng ),( Ying Shun Jin ),( Yong Jie Jin ),( Bum Soon Choi ) 대한내과학회 2021 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.36 No.0

Background/Aims: Accumulating evidence indicates that L-carnitine (LC) protects against multiorgan damage through its antioxidant properties and preservation of the mitochondria. Little information is available about the effects of LC on renal fibrosis. This study examined whether LC treatment would provide renoprotection in a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and in vitro. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats that underwent UUO were treated daily with LC for 7 or 14 days. The influence of LC on renal injury caused by UUO was evaluated by histopathology, and analysis of gene expression, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, programmed cell death, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/ AKT/forkhead box protein O 1a (FoxO1a) signaling. In addition, H₂O₂-exposed human kidney cells (HK-2) were treated with LC. Results: LC treatment inhibited expression of proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines, and was followed by a significant attenuation of tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis. The increased oxidative stress caused by UUO was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive apoptosis and autophagy via PI3K/AKT/FoxO1a-dependent signaling, and this was abrogated by administration of LC. In H₂O₂-exposed HK-2 cells, LC decreased intracellular production of reactive oxygen species, and suppressed expression of profibrotic cytokines and reduced the number of apoptotic cells. Conclusions: LC protects against the progression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in an obstructed kidney.

Structure Activity Relationship Studies of Anti-inflammatory TMMC Derivatives: 4-Dimethylamino Group on the B Ring Responsible for Lowering the Potency

Jin, Ying Lan,Jin, Xing Yu,Jin, Feng,Sohn, Dong-Hwan,Kim, Hak-Sung 대한약학회 2008 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.31 No.9

We previously synthesized 2', 4', 6'-tris(methoxymethoxy)chalcone (TMMC) derivatives with various substituents on the A ring that showed potent anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting NO production in RAW 264.7 cells. The 2'-hydroxy group on the A ring could elevate the electrophilicity of Michael addition of GSH and electron donating groups on the A ring could stabilize the GSH adduct by decreasing the acidity of the $\alpha$-hydrogen. Using this interpretation, we tested various substituents on the B ring and established a proper balance between biological activity and the position of the electron donating or electron withdrawing groups on the B ring. In this case, the 2'-hydroxy group was excluded because it could cause the formation of GSSG through a phenoxy radical and can confuse the interpretation of the biological results. Chalcone derivatives without 2'-hydroxy are likely to deplete cellular GSH levels by a Michael addition process. Strong electron donating groups on the B ring, such as 4-dimethylamino group, gave the weakest inhibition of NO production. A 4-dimethyamino group on the B ring could decrease the stability of the GSH adduct by weakening the C-S bond strength through movement of an electron pair on nitrogen via an aromatic ring.

Notes : Kitasatospora sp. MJM383 Strain Producing Two Antitumor Agents, Streptonigrin and Oxopropaline G

( Ying Yu Jin ),( Tae Mi Yoon ),( Won Kon Kim ),( Kyoung Rok Kim ),( Jea Kyoung Song ),( Jong Gwan Kim ),( Jing Liu ),( Young Yell Yang ),( Hyung Jin Kwon ),( Joo Won Suh ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2005 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.15 No.5

Improvement of the productivity of ecumicin, a novel anti-tuberculosis agent, from new Nonomuraea sp. MJM5123

Jin, Ying-Yu,Kim, Jin-Yong,Yang, Seung Hwan,Lee, Hanki,Suh, Joo-Won Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2016 The Journal of Antibiotics Vol.69 No.5

<P>Ecumicin is a novel anti-tuberculosis agent produced by Nonomuraea sp. MJM5123 as a new strain of actinomycetes. First, in order to increase the cell mass of Nonomuraea sp. MJM5123, we optimized the culture conditions with regard to carbon and nitrogen sources. The cell mass of Nonomuraea sp. MJM5123 increased by approximately twofold when glucose and soybean flour were used as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. For maximum production of ecumicin, we optimized the culture conditions by adding amino acids as building blocks for ecumicin, by adding vegetable oils and by controlling the temperature and pH. Ecumicin production was two times higher with the addition of valine as the building blocks for ecumicin compared with the production in the absence of valine. Interestingly, with the addition of 1% corn oil, the production of ecumicin increased by 4.6-fold compared with the production in the absence of corn oil. Finally, by controlling the pH and temperature, we established an optimized culture condition in which Nonomuraea sp. MJM5123 produced 576 mg ecumicin per litre of medium, which is about 50 times higher than in the control medium at 30 degrees C and pH 7.0.</P>

Antioxidant and in vitro cosmeceutical activities of chestnut inner shell fermented by Monascus kaoliang

Ying-yu Jin,Nuntinee Ritthibut,임승택,오수진 한국식품과학회 2023 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.32 No.6

Chestnut inner shell (CIS) was fermented at 30 °C for 12 day using Monascus kaoliang, either in solid or submerged state, and alcohol extracts (70% ethanol) of the fermented CIS were examined for their antioxidant (total phenol content and diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity) and in vitro cosmeceutical activities (tyrosinase and elastase inhibitory activities). Both activities were significantly increased by the M. kaoliang-fermentation, more apparently by submerged fermentation (SMF) than by solid-state fermentation (SSF). The cosmeceutical activity reached its maximum value on the 3rd day of fermentation. The residual amounts of phenolic acids and catechins in the CIS extracts were increased by the fermentation, up to 395.0 and 344.3 µg/g, respectively. More phenolic acids were produced by SMF than SSF, whereas more catechins were produced by SSF than SMF. Therefore, SMF using M. kaoliang was an efficient process for the utilization of CIS as a source of cosmeceuticals.

Structure Activity Relationship Studies of Anti-inflammatory TMMC Derivatives: 4-Dimethylamino Group on the B Ring Responsible for Lowering the Potency

Ying Lan Jin,Xing Yu Jin,Feng Jin,손동환,김학성 대한약학회 2008 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.31 No.9

We previously synthesized 2’,4’,6’-tris(methoxymethoxy)chalcone (TMMC) derivatives with various substituents on the A ring that showed potent anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting NO production in RAW 264.7 cells. The 2’-hydroxy group on the A ring could elevate the electrophilicity of Michael addition of GSH and electron donating groups on the A ring could stabilize the GSH adduct by decreasing the acidity of the α-hydrogen. Using this interpretation, we tested various substituents on the B ring and established a proper balance between biological activity and the position of the electron donating or electron withdrawing groups on the B ring. In this case, the 2’-hydroxy group was excluded because it could cause the formation of GSSG through a phenoxy radical and can confuse the interpretation of the biological results. Chalcone derivatives without 2’-hydroxy are likely to deplete cellular GSH levels by a Michael addition process. Strong electron donating groups on the B ring, such as 4-dimethylamino group, gave the weakest inhibition of NO production. A 4-dimethyamino group on the B ring could decrease the stability of the GSH adduct by weakening the C-S bond strength through movement of an electron pair on nitrogen via an aromatic ring.