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흉골골절이 의심되는 외상환자에서 초음파의 진단적 효용성
염석란,김재광,이근,박철완,양혁준,현성열,임용수,진욱 대한응급의학회 2001 대한응급의학회지 Vol.12 No.3
Purpose: This study compared the value of ultrasonography(US) in the diagnosis of sternal fractures with those of conventional radiography and bone scan. Material and Method: From March 2000 to March 2001, in Gil Medical Center, Gachon Medical College, 44 patients(22 women and 22 men, mean age 46 years, range 5∼81 years) complained of tenderness in the sternal area. The cases histories of these patients with clinically suspected sternal fracture due to blunt trauma were prospectively studied. At the time of admission, conventional radiography(sternal view) was done. At one day after admission, sternal ultrasonography was obtained, and after 4∼5 days, a bone scan was done. Sternal ultrasonographic findings, conventional radiographic findings, and bone-scan findings were compared. In addition, a 12-lead ECG was done. When it was necessary, cardiac enzyme was checked and echocardiography was performed. Result: In 21 of 44 patients(48%), a sternal fracture was found by sternal US. Only 9 of 21 patients (43%) were diagnosed as having a sternal fracture by using conventional radiography. 23 of 44 patients (52%) have negative findings on sternal US; they also had negative findings on conventional radiography. Except for 7 unchecked patients, 13 of 21 patients(62%) were diagnosed as having a sternal fracture by bone scan, and among the 23 patients who had negative findings on sternal US, the 19 patients checked with a bone scan also had negative findings. Conclusion: Sternal US can find sternal fractures that are difficult to find on conventional radiography. Compared with bone scan, sternal US takes a shorter time and sternal US is not difficult. Additionally, combined lesions with sternal fractures(peristernal hematoma, soft tissue swelling) and costar cartilage fractures are diagnosed more easily when using sternal US.
교통사고로 내원한 접형척추(butterfly vertebra) 환자 1예 보고
염석란,이근,박철완,양혁준,현성열,류일,진욱 대한응급의학회 2001 대한응급의학회지 Vol.12 No.3
A butterfly vertebra is a rare, but very important congenital anomaly that must be differentially diagnosed with compression fracture of the vertebral body. It has characteristic findings on simple X-ray, CT, and MRI. These findings are an anterior wedging contour on the sagittal image, a widening of the transverse diameter on the coronal image, adaptations of nearby vertebral endplates on the sagittal image, communicated intervertebral disc spaces on the sagittal and the coronal images, a well-defied midline bony defect with a sclerotic margin in the vertebral body on the axial image, and a normal body signal intensity on MRI. Because of legal problems and further plans for treatment, close attention must be given to patients who complain of back pain and who have decreased anterior height of the vertebral body after trauma. In those patients, a butterfly vertebra must be differentially diagnosed with compression fracture of vertebral body. We report one such case here.
Gene Expression Analysis of Methotrexate-induced Hepatotoxicity between in vitro and in vivo
Jung, Jin-Wook,Kim, Seung-Jun,Kim, Jun-Sup,Park, Joon-Suk,Yeom, Hye-Jung,Kim, Ji-Hoon,Her, Young-Sun,Lee, Yong-Soon,Kang, Jong-Soo,Lee, Gyoung-Jae,Kim, Yang-Seok,Kang, Kyung-Sun,Hwang, Seung-Yong The Korean Society of Toxicogenomics and Toxicopro 2005 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.1 No.4
The recent DNA microarray technology enables us to understand gene expression profiling in cell line and animal models. The technology has potential possibility to comprehend mechanism of multiple genes were related to compounds which have toxicity in biological system. So, microarray system has been used for the prediction of toxicity through gene expression induced by toxicants. It has been shown that compounds with similar toxic mechanisms produce similar changes in gene expression in vivo system. Here we focus on the use of toxicogenomics for the determination of gene expression analysis associated with hepatotoxicity in rat liver and cell line (WB-F344). Methotrexate (MTX) is a chemotherapy agent that has been used for many years in the treatment of cancer because it affects cells that are rapidly dividing. Also it has been known the toxicity of MTX, in a MTX abortion, it stops embryonic cells from dividing and multiplying and is a non-surgical method of ending pregnancy in its early stages. We have shown DNA microarray analyses to assess MTX-specific expression profiles in vivo and in vitro. Male Sprague-Dawely VAF+ albino rats of 5-6 weeks old and WB-F344 cell line have been treated with MTX. Total RNA was isolated from Rat liver and cell line that has treated with MTX. 4.8 K cDNA microarray in house has been used for gene expression profiling of MTX treatment. We have found quite distinct gene expression patterns induced by MTX in a cell line and in vivo system.
Low Subthreshold Swing AlGaN MIS-GaN HEMT with Rapid Thermal Annealed HfO₂ Gate Dielectric
Min-Jae Yeom(염민재),Jeong-Yong Yang(양정용),Sang-Hee Kim(김상희),Geon-Wook Yoo(유건욱) 대한전자공학회 2021 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.6
Annealing after gate dielectric deposition is a critical step for enhancing the quality of the insulator. However, thermal annealing of HfO2 is known as forming the native oxide at the interface, so that it leads to degradation of SS and g<sub>m</sub> of GaN device. The rapid thermal annealing (RTA) at 900℃ after HfO2 gate dielectric deposition using the atomic layer deposition (ALD) evoke the weak ferroelectricity and improve the quality of the interface. Consequently, near-ideal subthreshold swing (60 mV/dec) was achieved with an on/off ratio > 10<sup>9</sup>. Moreover, the results suggest the weak ferroelectricity in HfO2 could emerge with the RTA process at 900℃.
Seo Sowon,Yeom Seok Ran,Park Sung-Wook,Wang Il Jae,Cho Suck Ju,Yang Wook Tae,Cho Youngmo 대한외상학회 2023 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.36 No.2
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate (1) the association among helmet wearing, incidence rate of traumatic brain injury (TBI), and in-hospital mortality; TBI was diagnosed when the head Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) was ≥1, and as severe TBI when head AIS was ≥3; and (2) the association between helmet type and incidence rate of TBI, severe TBI, and in-hospital mortality of motorcycle accidents based on the newly revised Emergency Department-based Injury In-depth Surveillance (EDIIS) data. Methods: Data collected from EDIIS between January 1, 2020 and December 31, 2020 were analyzed. The final study population comprised 1,910 patients, who were divided into two groups: helmet wearing group and unhelmeted group. In addition, the correlation between helmet type and motorcycle accident was determined in 596 patients who knew the exact type of helmet they wore. A total of 710 patients who wore helmet but did not know the type were excluded from this analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was performed in both the groups to investigate the factors affecting the primary (occurrence of TBIs) and secondary outcomes (severe TBI and in-hospital mortality). Results: The prevalence of Injury Severity Scores, TBIs, and severe TBIs as well as in-hospitalmortality were the highest in the unhelmeted group. Additionally, the results from the group that wore and knew the type of helmet worn indicated that wearing a full-face helmet decreased the incidence of TBIs in comparison to a half-face helmet. Conclusions: The wearing of a helmet in motorcycle accidents is very important as it plays a role in reducing the occurrence of TBIs and severe TBIs and in-hospital mortality. The use of a full-face helmet lowered the incidence of TBIs.
심근 좌상 환자에서 ^(99m)Tc-MIBI-Heart SPECT의 유용성
신중호,양혁준,이근,민순식,염석란,김재광,임용수,진욱,현성열 대한응급의학회 2002 대한응급의학회지 Vol.13 No.1
Purpose: This study analyzed the value of ^(99m)Tc-MIBI SPECT(Single Photon Emission Com-puted Tomography) in the deagnosis of myocardial contusion after blunt chest trauma. Methods: We evaluated 24 patients with cardiac contusions after blunt chest trauma who were diagnosed by clinical symptoms, chest x-ray, electrocardiogram(ECG), and Creatine phospho-kinase(CPK). ^(99m)Tc-MIBI SPECT was performed within 48 hours along with the above tests prospectively. Results: 1. Among the 24 patients, 14 patients were finally diagnosed as having a myocardial contusion by means of ECG, echocardiography, (^99m)Tc-MIBI SPECT, and cardiac enzyme. 2. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of ^(99m)Tc-MIBI SPECT were 46.7%, 66.7%, and 54.2%, respectively. The same results for initial ECG were 46.6%, 88.9%, and 62.5%. 3. For those who had positive findings in ^(99m)Tc-MIBI SPECT, average hospital stay was 14.5 days and abnormal electrocardiogram was found in 90.0%. However, for those who had negative findings, average hospital stay was 11.2 days and abnormal electrocardiogram was found in 35.7%. Conclusion: ^(99m)Tc-MIBI SPECT is not a definite modality in diagnosing myocardial contusion, but can be useful in diagnosing and determining the need for hospitalization after cardiac contusion.
양규환,곽성욱,김선현,신영태,황희진,박노혁,염창환,Yang, Gu-Hwan,Kwak, Sung-Wook,Kim, Sun-Hyn,Shin, Young-Tae,Hwang, Hee-Jin,Park, No-Hyeok,Yeom, Chang-Hwan 한국호스피스완화의료학회 2009 한국호스피스.완화의료학회지 Vol.12 No.1
Purpose: Lymphedemas are tissue fluid swellings, usually on the arms or legs, and occur as a result of impaired lymphatic drainage. Presently, the most effective treatment available is complete decongestive physiotherapy (CDP). However, this therapy is ineffective in some patients and surgery may be indicated. Herein, we examined the efficacy of minimally invasive needle aspiration of the most enlarged areas in hypodermic adipose tissues, of patients who had failed CDP. Methods: We included 21 patients who were diagnosed with lymphedema stage II-III in the upper or lower extremities and visited the lymphedema clinic at a university hospital from September 1, 2003 to February 28, 2004. All patients had been treated with CDP at least once, but had failed to respond to the therapy for more than one year. Nine patients had breast cancer and 12 had cervical cancer. We identified the area with the most severe edema by using MRI and performed a 16-gauge angio-needle aspiration on the area. The patients were followed up for 3 months. Effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated by comparing the volume of edema before and after the treatment using Wilcoxon signed rank-test. Results: The mean reduction ratio of the volume of edema comparison normal volume was 41.1${\pm}$35.3% (P=0.001). There were no major or minor operative complications except localized hemorrhage. Conclusion: We conclude that a needle aspiration prior to other surgical treatments is relatively safe and effective for those patients who are unresponsive to CDP. 목적: 림프부종은 림프계 이상으로 림프액 이동이 원활하지 못하여 생기는 팔다리 조직의 팽창을 의미한다. 현재 가장 효과적인 치료법은 복합적인 림프부종 치료법이지만 이 치료는 수술적 치료가 요구되는 환자에게는 효과가 없다. 이번 연구에서는 물리 치료법에 실패한 환자의 피하 지방조직에 비침습적 바늘 흡인술을 실시하여 그 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 2003년 8월 1일부터 2004년 2월 28일까지 일개대학 병원 림프부종 클리닉에 방문하여 상하지 림프부종 2${\sim}$3기를 진단받은 환자를 대상으로 실시하였다. 모든 환자는 1년 이상 복합적인 림프부종 치료법을 실시하였으나 치료에 반응이 없었으며 9명의 환자는 유방암, 12명의 환자는 자궁경부암 환자였다. 치료 전 자기공명영상(MRI)을 실시하여 부종이 가장 심한 부위를 찾아 바늘 흡인술을 실시한 후 3개월 동안 추적 관찰하였다. 치료의 효과는 치료 전과 치료 3개월 후 부종 부피를 계산하여 Wilcoxon signed rank-test를 통해 비교하였다. 결과: 치료 전과 치료 3개월 후의 평균 부종 감소율은 29.1%였다(P=0.001). 국소적 출혈 이외 다른 특별한 부작용은 없었다. 결론: 바늘 흡인술은 복합적인 림프부종 치료법에 반응이 없는 림프부종 2, 3기 환자에게 수술에 앞서 고려해볼 수 있는 안전하고 효과적인 방법이다.