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Yoon‑Jin Lee,Kwan‑Sik Park,Byoung Joon Baek,Kyong‑Ae Lee,Sang‑Han Lee 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2020 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.16 No.1
Backgrounds Arctigenin derived from the seeds of Arctium lappa Linnaeus is known as an anticancer drug candidate by targeting various pathways involved in anticancer therapy. Methods Using 2D monolayer and 3D spheroid culture systems in nasal septum carcinoma RPMI-2650 cells, the effects of arctigenin and dexamethasone on cell viability, ROS levels, ATP level, mitochondrial function, apoptosis and necroptosis were examined. Results The combination treatment of both compounds induced strong cytotoxicity, accompanied by increases of sub-G0/ G1 peak, annexin V-PE-positive cells, and ROS levels, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and decrease of cellular ATP content. These changes were observed as simultaneous induction of DNA damage, apoptosis, and necroptosis. A series of changes by arctigenin and dexamethasone were efficiently restored by decreasing ROS levels or supplementing ATP. Treatment of 3D spheroids with arctigenin and dexamethasone decreased cell viability in the spheroids, but it was slightly resistant than cells under 2D conditions. In addition, this phenomenon was accompanied by an increase in mediators for both apoptosis and necroptosis. Conclusion Results of this study suggest that the apoptosis and necroptosis-inducing effects of arctigenin are associated with ATP depletion due to oxidative mitochondrial dysfunction.
Symptoms of North Korea`s Economic System: Now is the Time to Open up Economically
( Youn Sik Choi ),( Hyung Rok Jung ),( Sung Man Yoon ) 한국국방연구원 2013 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.25 No.1
Since suffering economic difficulties, particularly from the 1990s onwards, North Korea, even implicitly, has taken several actions based on the nature of its limited market economy system. North Korean scholars seem to have attempted to practice economic reform and a more open-door policy by learning the capitalistic mark eteconomy system. This paper investigates the current state of trends of North Korean studies associated with economics and management. It is found that even though directly praising and idolizing "Kim Il Sung" and/or "Kim Jong Il" are consistently accomplished, studies on new and subtle issues such as an open-door policy, the global (international) monetary system, compensation, wage (salaries),and self-financing (financing a giupso, in itself, without external financing such as borrowing or issuing shares) drastically increased in the 2000s, especially before and after the announcement of the ``7.1 Economic Management Improvement Measures`` implemented in July 2002. This paper`s findings suggest that North Korea has tried to learn capitalistic market economy system before it takes any steps regarding economic reform. This paper also identifies the political implications in drawing up initiatives in preparation for the era of unification of the two Koreas.
Phospholipase D1 mediates bFGF-induced Bcl-2 expression leading to neurite outgrowth in H19-7 cells.
Yoon, Sung Nyo,Kim, Kang Sik,Cho, Ju Hwan,Ma, Weina,Choi, Hye-Jin,Kwon, Sung-Joon,Han, Joong-Soo Biochemical Society 2012 Biochemical journal Vol.441 No.1
<P>The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of PLD (phospholipase D) in bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor)-induced Bcl-2 expression and to examine whether overexpressed Bcl-2 influences neurite outgrowth in immortalized hippocampal progenitor cells (H19-7 cells). We found that Bcl-2 expression was maximally induced by bFGF within 24?h, and that this effect was reduced by inhibiting PLD1 expression with PLD1 small interfering RNA or by overexpressing DN (dominant-negative)-PLD1, whereas PLD1 overexpression markedly induced Bcl-2 expression. bFGF treatment activated Ras, Src, PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase), PLCγ (phospholipase Cγ) and PKCα (protein kinase Cα). Among these molecules, Src and PKCα were not required for Bcl-2 expression. PLD activity was decreased by Ras, PI3K or PLCγ inhibitor, suggesting that PLD1 activation occurred through Ras, PI3K or PLCγ. We found that Ras was the most upstream molecule among these proteins, followed by the PI3K/PLCγ pathway, indicating that bFGF-induced PLD activation took place through the Ras/PI3K/PLCγ pathway. Furthermore, PLD1 was required for activation of JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), which led to activation of STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) and finally Bcl-2 expression. When Bcl-2 was overexpressed, neurite outgrowth was stimulated along with induction of neurotrophic factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin 4/5. In conclusion, PLD1 acts as a downstream effector of bFGF/Ras/PI3K/PLCγ signalling and regulates Bcl-2 expression through JNK/STAT3, which leads to neurite outgrowth in H19-7 cells.</P>
Yoon, Du Hak,Lee, Hak Kyo,Oh, Sung Jung,Hong, Ki Chang,Jeon, Gwang Joo,Kong, Hong Sik,Lee, Jun Heon Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.10
To investigate the genetic relationships among various cattle breeds, bovine mtDNA D-loop region was used in 411 animals of 18 cattle breeds, including 8 Asian Bos taurus, 7 European Bos taurus, 1 Asian Bos indicus, and 2 African Bos indicus. The size of amplified PCR products from mtDNA D-loop region was 964 bp and the products were digested by 15 different restriction enzymes. Two different band patterns were identified in eight restriction enzymes (BstXI, Hae III, Msp I, Apa I, Taq I, Alu I, BamH I, EcoN I) and the rest of restriction enzymes showed more than 3 different band patterns among which Apo I and MspR9 resulted in 7 different restriction patterns. The genotypes, number of haplotype, effective number of haplotype, and degree of heterozygosity were analyzed. Based on all the PCR-RFLP data, different haplotypes were constructed and analyzed for calculating genetic distances between these breeds using Nei's unbiased method and constructing a phylogenetic tree.
Alcohol Drinking Increased the Risk of Advanced Colorectal Adenomas
( Yoon Kyung Song ),( Young Sook Park ),( Choon Sik Seon ),( Hye Jin Lim ),( Byung Kwan Son ),( Sang Bong Ahn ),( Young Kwan Jo ),( Seong Hwan Kim ),( Yun Ju Jo ),( Ji Hyun Lee ),( Seung Chan Kim ) 대한장연구학회 2015 Intestinal Research Vol.13 No.1
Background/Aims: Age, sex, gene and life style are modulating risks for colon cancer. Although alcohol intake may impact on colorectal adenoma, clear association has not been established yet. We aimed to investigate effects of alcohol consumption on the characteristics of colorectal adenoma. Methods: Patients who underwent colonoscopic polypectomy of colorectal ad-enoma in the department of gastroenterology of Eulji hospital through 2005 to 2012, having both blood tests and ultrasound or abdominal CT examination were enrolled. The alcohol drinking patients were subdivided into normal or abnormal laboratory group, and alcoholic liver diseases group. Results: 212 patients with colorectal adenoma were analyzed; advanced adenoma and multiple adenoma were found in 68 (32.0%) and 79 (37.2%) patients. When compared to the nondrinker group (120/212 patients), the alcohol drinker group (92/212 patients) represented significantly high odds ratios (ORs) for advanced adenoma (OR, 2.697; P=0.002), and multiple adenoma (OR, 1.929; P=0.039). Among alcohol drinker (92 patients), the ORs of advanced adenoma were 6.407 (P=0.003) in alcoholic liver diseases group (17 patients), 3.711 (P=0.002) in the alcohol drinker with ab-normal lab (24 patients), and 2.184 (P=0.034), in the alcohol drinker with normal lab (51 patients) compared to nondrinker group. Conclusions: This study showed that alcohol drinking may influence on the development of advanced colorectal adenoma and multiplicity. Especially in the group with alcoholic liver diseases and with abnormal lab presented significantly higher ORs of advanced adenoma. (Intest Res 2015;13:74-79)
( Sung Bum Cho ),( Jong Sun Rew ),( Sung Young Park ),( Hyeng Chen Park ),( Kyeong Won Yoon ),( Seok Cho ),( Wan Sik Lee ),( Chang Hwan Park ),( Hyen Soo Kim ),( Sung Kyu Choi ) 대한소화기학회 2007 SIDDS Vol.9 No.-
Background Aims: Rectal carcinoid has been increasingly detected due to the recent wide use of colonoscopy for routine health examination. Although endoscopic resection should be considered as the treatment for rectal carcinoid, the scar formation after colonoscopic biopsy can lead to unpredicted difficulty in this procedure. This study evaluates the per-procedure findings and treatment results in an attempt to elucidate the effect of scar formation after colonoscopic biopsy in endoscopic resection for rectal carcinoid. Methods: Twelve cases of rectal careinoid with scar formation were compared with 18 non-scar cases, which were treated using the endoscopic resection from January 2002 to August 2007, in terms of the endoscopic findings, resection methods and treatment results. Results: The differences in the clinical findings and tumor size between the scar group and the non-scar group were nonspecific. The average waiting-time between biopsy and resection was shorter (13±16 vs 42±26 ds; p=0.11) in the scar group. During endoscopic resection, small active ulcer was found in 4 scar cases with lesser than 7 days of waiting-time. The risk of limited elevation after submucosal injection was higher (83% vs 44%, p=0.03) in the scar group. In resection methods, ESD was frequently adopted in the scar group (4 cases vs 1 case). The difference in the result of pathologic complete resection between two group were nonspecific. Four patients in the scar group should be admitted (vs 1 case in the non-scar group). Conclusions: ESD technique should be considered in selected cases, because of the postbiopsic scar can block the submucosal elevation in endoscopic resection for rectal carcinoid.