유아 그림책 「강아지 똥」에 나타난 주인공의 자아형성 과정 분석

박찬옥(Park Chan-Ok),신혜선(Shin hye-sun) 한국열린유아교육학회 2005 열린유아교육연구 Vol.10 No.3

본 연구는 Berne의 교류 분석(Transactional Analysis)의 주요개념인 구조분석(Structural Analysis) 교류패턴(Transactional pattern), 게임(game), 각본(script)의 네 가지 측면에서 「강아지 똥」을 분석함으로써 주인공의 자아형성 과정을 알아보았다. 연구 결과 주인공 ‘강아지 똥’은 주변 등장인물과 교차교류(Crossed Transaction) 이면교류(Ulterior Transaction)를 통해 자신은 아무 짝에도 쓸모없다는 자아정체감을 형성한다. 자신이 무가치하다고 생각한 ‘강아지 똥’은 타인에게 도움을 주지 못해 착하게 살수 없다는 패자 각본(Script)을 형성한다. 그러나 ‘자신도 옳고 타인도 옳다’는 심리적 자세를 가진 민들레와의 교류를 통해 긍정적인 자아정체감을 형성하게 되고 자신도 타인에게 도움을 줄 수 있다는 승자의 각본을 가지게 된다. 이것은 주인공의 긍정적인 자아정체감 형성에 상보적 교류(Complementary Transaction)가 중요함을 시시한다. This research for "Gang-A-Ji, Dong" is basically analyzed with the 4 major notions of Berne's Transactional Analysis that are 'Structural Analysis', 'Transactional Pattern', 'Game' and 'Script'. The main character of "Gang-A-Ji, Dong" is explored through these Berne's concept. As a result of study, it is noticeable that the experiences of crossed and ulterior Transaction with others affect Dong to form himself as a dirty and needless dog. He thinks himself as a worthless existence and is not capable to help others. This idea builds up a vanquished-script for Dong's life. After the Transaction with Min-Dle-Le, Dong and Min-Dle-Le exchange many thoughts. Min-Dle-Le is the character whose mental behaviour is influenced by the idea of 'I am OK. You are OK'. Their Transaction provokes Dong to have positive mind and encourage helping others. Dong's life becomes to have a victor-script. The Complementary Transaction with Min-Dle-Le is the most important part of his life for Dong, the main character to mold himself positively.

노인의 영적 간호요구

최미혜,김경희,김귀옥,김기숙,김수강,김정신,김춘숙,노흥진,박지연,성혜연,오명선,이선희,이원옥,이윤영,이현수,장명재,차혜경,채정선,홍상희 중앙대학교 의과대학 간호학과 간호과학연구소 2001 중앙간호논문집 Vol.5 No.1

This study was designed to exam the aged's needs for spiritual nursing care. The purpose was to serve as a basis for the development of spiritual nursing practice. The major findings are as follows : 1. The degree of needs for spiritual nursing care as area was that needs of love and relationship mean 22.0, needs of meaning and object mean 28.2, needs of forgiving mean 13.5. Total needs for spiritual nursing care mean 63.7, which was on the upper middle level. The needs of meaning and object was rated highest. 2. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of love and relatiohship wasn't significanlty different. 3. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of meaning and object was significantly different according to two factors : age(F=7.260, p=0.001), religion(F=5.275, p=0.001). Higher needs of meaning and object was possessed by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other. 4. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, four factors made a significantly difference to needs of forgiving : sex(t=-2.851, p=0.006), age(F=8.201, p=0.001), religion(F=6.928, p=0.000), disease(t=2.327, p=0.024). Higher needs of forgiving was possessed by man than woman, by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other, by the one who have disease than the other.

大邱市 住居地域 大氣中 粒子狀 多環芳香族炭火水素의 濃度

박선미,최진수,김기남,백성옥,박상곤 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1994 環境硏究 Vol.14 No.1

본 연구는 도시 주거지역을 대상으로 환경 대기 중에 존재하는 18종류의 다환방향족 탄화수소(PAH)의 농도를 측정하였다. 시료포집은 하절기는 1992년 8월에서 10월까지, 동절기는 1992년 11월에서 1993년 1월까지 Hi-Vol sampler를 사용하여 실시하였으며, 포집된 시료의 분석은 fluorescence 검출기가 장착된 HPLC(High Performance Liquid Chromatography)로 하였다. 본 연구의 실험 결과에서 여름철 14종류의 PAHs농도는 6.44ng/㎥로 나타났고, 겨울철의 농도는 27.55ng/㎥으로 나타났으며, 농도가 가장 높게 나타난 PAH는 Benzo(e)pyrene이었다. Naphthalene, Acenaphthylene, Acenaphthene, Fluorene은 입자상 물질에서 아주 낮은 농도치를 보였고, Fluoranthene, Pyrene, Benz(a)anthracene, Chrysene과 같은 비교적 저분자 PAHs는 여름철 보다 겨울철에 높은 농도치를 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. This study was carried out to investigate the ambient concentration of 18 particulate Polycyclic Aromartic Hydrocarbons(PAHs) in a residental area in Taegu city. The sampling was conducted using Hi-Vol sampling from August 1992 to October 1992 for summer and from November 1992 to January 1993 for winter. The analysis of PAHs was carried out using reversed phase HPLC with fluorescence detection. It was found that the summation of the concentrations of 14 PAHs during summer were 6.44ng/㎥, and during winter were 27.55ng/㎥. The most abundant PAH appeared to be Benzo(e)pyrene. The concentrations of Naphthalene, Acenaphthylene, Acenaphthene, Fluorene were too low to be determined in particulate metter the contribution of lower molecular weight PAH(Fluoranthene, Pyrene, Benz(a)anthracene, Chrysene) during winter was higher than those of during summer, indicating that gas-particle may play a significant role distribution of PAH concentrations in ambient air.

모추래기 장관 점액질의 조직화학적 성상에 관한 연구

박선옥,조운복 釜山大學校 師範大學 1997 교사교육연구 Vol.34 No.-

모추래기 장관 배상세포의 점액질 성상을 조직화학적으로 밝히기 위하여, periodic acid Schiff(PAS)염색, alcian blue pH 2.5 및 pH 1.0염색, aldehyde fuchsin pH 1.7 및 pH 1.0염색, alcian blue pH 2.5 - PAS염색 및 aldehyde fuchsin pH 1.7 - alcian blue pH 2.5염색을 시행하여 관찰한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 소장 점막 배상세포 내 점액질은 융모의 경우, 십이지장에서는 미량의 강 sulfomucin과 소량의 중성점액질을 가진 세포가 대부분이었고, 그 이외에 미량의 약 sulfomucin과 소량의 중성점액질을 가진 세포와 미량의 sialomucin과 소량의 중성점액질을 가진 세포가 섞이어 있었으며 공장에서는 소량의 sialomucine과 중성점액질을 가진 세포와 미량내지 소량의 약 sulfomucin과 미량의 중성점액질을 가진 세포가 섞이어 있었고, 회장에서는 상당량의 강 sulfomucin과 소량 내지 상당량의 중성 점액질을 가진 대부분의 세포들 사이에 미량의 약 sulfomucin과 중성점액질을 가진 세포가 섞이어 있었다. 장선의 경우 십이지장에서는 미량의 sialomucin과 소량의 중성점액질을 가진 세포와 미량의 약 sulfomucin과 소량의 중성점액질을 가진 세포가 구별되었으나 공장 및 회장에서는 미량의 약 또는 강 sulfomucin과 미량의 중성점액질을 가진 세포로 되어 있었다. 대장 점막 배상세포 내 점액질은 융모의 경우, 맹장 및 결장에서는 소량 내지 상당량의 강 sulfomucin과 소량 또는 상당량의 중성점액질을 가진 세포와 미량의 sulfomucin과 미량 또는 소량의 중성점액질을 가진 세포가 구별 되었고 전자가 더 많았으며, 직장에서는 위의 배상세포 이외에 미량의 sialomucin과 소량의 중성점액질을 가진 세포가 섞이어 있었다. 장선의 경우, 미량의 약 또는 강 sulfomucin과 미량 또는 소량의 중성점액질을 가진 세포로 되어 있었다. This experiment was performed to study histochemical properties of epithelial mucosubstances in the intestinal tract of the quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica Temminck et Schlegel. The specimens used this experiment were obtained from the small and large intestines of the quail. The removed tissues were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formaline, then were embedded in paraffin and sectioned at 6㎛. The sections were stained by hematoxylin and eosin for general histology, and by peridoic acid Schiff (PAS), alcian blue pH 2.5, alcian blue pH 1.0, aldehyde fuchsin pH 1.7, aldehyde fuchsin pH 1.0, alcian blue pH 2.5 - PAS, alcian blue pH 1.0 - PAS, and aldehyde fuchsin pH 1.7 - alcian blue pH 2.5, for the histochemical differentitation of mucosubstances, respectively. In the villi of the duodenum, it was composed of goblet cells having minimal amounts of strong sulfomucin and small amounts of neutral mucin, having minimal amounts of weak sulfomucin and small amounts of neutral mucin, having minimal amounts of sialomucin and small amounts of neutral mucin, but the former were much more than orther two types. In the villi of the jejunum, it was mixed two types of goblet cells; one having small amounts of sialomucin and neutral mucin, while other minimal to small amounts of weak sulfomucin and minimal amounts of neutral mucin. In the villi of the ileum, it was composed of goblet cells having large amounts of strong sulfomucin and small to large amounts of neutral mucin, having minimal amounts of weak sulfomucin and neutral mucin, but the former was much more than the latter in the number of cells. In the goblet cell of intestinal glands, the duodenum was mixed two types of goblet cell; one having minimal amounts of sialomucin and small amounts of neutral mucin, while other minimal amounts of weak sulfomucin and small a amounts of neutral mucin, and then the jejunum and ileum having minimal amounts of weak or strong sulfomucin and minimal amounts of neutral mucin. In the villi of caecum and colon, it was composed of two types of goblet cell; one having small to large amounts of sulfomucin and neutral mucin, while other minimal amounts of sialomucin and minimal or small amounts of neutral mucin, but the former was more than the latter. In the villi of the rectum, it was composed of three types of goblet cells; two types of goblet cells were same as caecums and colon, other one type of goblet cell had minimal amounts of sialomucin and small amounts of neutral mucin. Goblet cells of intestinal gland of large interstine were contained only minimal amounts of weak or strong sulfomucin and minimal or small amounts of neutral mucin.

Shakespeare Sonnets의 구조(Ⅰ)

박옥선 동아대학교 인문과학대학 영어영문학과 1990 동아영어영문학 Vol.6 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the structure of Shakespeare's sonnets with three different perspectives; how is the Shakespearian form applied to the individual sonnet, how does Shakespeare use the logical forms for his sonnet, and what is the toxtural variety in the sonnet sequence as a whole. The Shakespearian form- of three quatrains followed by a couplet-is often contrasted with the Italiam form divided into octave and sestet. The couplet is often a particular application of a general statement enunciated in the quatrains, and sometimes a reply to it. But there are so many exceptions that ist validity is called in question. Shakespeare wrote so many different kinds of sonnet that any definition fits only a propotion of the whole. The variety of structure in the sequrence is a chararcterstic of Shakespeare's sonnets. Shakespeare uses the logic for his sonnet composition. The chief forms are the hypothetical syllogism(if-then premise), the disjunctive syllogism(either-or premise), and categorical syllogism. A number of sonnets have one basic logical shape ; all have at least some logical transitions or joinings ; many offer a plurality of logical schemes. Shakespeare's 154 sonnets fall into two groups : the first group, Ⅰ through 126, is addressed to, or concerned with a young man, an the seconcd group, 127 through 152, is addressed to, or concerned with a dark lady, and includes 153 and 154, which are free translation of a Greek poem. The one hundred twenty-six poems of group Ⅰ of the sequence fall into three subdivisions, as follows: cycle Ⅰ comprises the first 51 sonnets, Ⅰ through 51, cycle 2 compreises the next 45 sonnets, 52 through 96, and cycle 3 comprises the last 30 sonnets, 97 through 126. The beautiful youth group tells a 'high' story of devotion but the dark lady group is 'low' and revolves around the theme of love and hatred. Each of the four sections- three in group Ⅰ, one in firoup Ⅱ-proves to have ist component poems intelligibly arranged, and the sections proves, moreover, to be coordinated with one another. There is a legic and rightness in the order of group Ⅰ. The poet revolves around the young man in a series of three cycles, and takes him through every aspect of his love, from the most ecstatic to the most woebegone. The structure of group Ⅱ is for the most part based on and determined by the cyclic character of the protagonist's lust for dark lady. In conclusion, Shakespeare uses so many different forms to express a variety of moods and psychological states of the protagonist in his sonnets.

Imperative : 통사범주적 특성과 담화기능적 해석 Its Syntactic and Discourse Functional Analysis

박선옥 진주여자전문대학 2000 論文集 Vol.23 No.-

The term 'imperative' has been used for the 'imperative sentence' in syntactic category and for the 'imperative force' in discourse function. This study has surveyed the counter examples against the syntactic characteristics of imperatives such as subjectless, tenseless and active verb phrase, and proposed that the discourse function be emphasized in the analysis of imperatives. Imperatives can express the force of request in various forms of sentences like typical imperative sentence, let's phrase, yes/no question, wh-question, suggestion, declining and reminding. These sentence forms can be graded as to their face maintaining degree between speaker and hearer or the risk of face losing, the directness of utterance, the occurrence of ambiguity, the interpretation processing time and the efficiency of request force. The efficiency of request force, the risk of speaker's face threatening and the degree of hearer's face losing are in proportion to the directness of utterance and the politeness of utterance, the occurrence of ambiguity and the interpretation processing time are in inverse proportion to the directness of utterance. As the natural utterance is, however, not the one-way act from the speaker to the hearer but the interactive act between the speaker and the hearer, the hearer's response can affect the next utterance of the speaker. So the request force of the utterance can be affected by the social status between speaker and hearer, the previous utterance history of speaker and hearer, the situation of utterance time, the personal characteristics of speaker and hearer and the utterance background of speaker and hearer.

16세기부터 낭만기에 이르는 영국 소넷 전통이 Keats의 소넷에 미친 영향

박옥선 韓國海洋大學校 人文社會科學大學 1997 韓國海洋大學校 人文社會科學論叢 Vol.- No.5

The purpose of this paper is to trace the impact of the English sonnet tradition upon the sonnets of John Keats. In developing his theory and practice in the sonnet form, Keats drew heavily upon established models including Shakespeare, Milton, early 18th century sonneteers, Wordsworth, and Leigh Hunt. Shakespeare's influence has been generally recognised. Of Keats' sixty four sonnets, fifteen are composed in the Shakespearean pattern, and Shakespeare's pervasive influence is evident not only in those sonnets but also in those he wrote in the Italian form and in the three irregular quatorzains indicative of Keats' efforts to improve the sonnet medium. Milton's influence on Keats' sonnets is largely fi1tered through his study of Wordsworth, for Wordsworth is closely indebted to Milton in style and choice of themes. Moreover, the fact that Wordsworth and Keats are romantic poets who shared the basic precepts of the romantic movement contributed largely to their philosophic and aesthetic similarities While echoes of Wordsworth's phraseology and philosophy as well as statements showing his admiration of the Nature poet may be seen in several of Keats' sonnets, there is little evidence of stylistic influence beyond employment of similar rhyme patterns and strong phrasal openings. For the most part, Wordworth's contribution to the evolution of the sonnet form is his extension of themes and structure and elevation of tone - - a contribution noted and emulated by Keats. Leigh Hunt exerted the dominant influence on Keats' early sonnets. Both writers shared similar views on sonnet theory, and Keats' versecraft closely parallels that of Hunt's. While Keats' sonnets revealed evidence of the influence of these poets, qualities of originality and individuality are seen in their conception and execution. Keats apparently used the sonnet as an experimental device in his effort to gain intensity, restraint, and dicipline through technical mastery and as a sounding board to test his developing aesthetic theories. In his sonnet canon Keats reveals his debt to other writers in stylistic peculiarities. As an artistically perfected form, the sonnet offered him a unique challenge not found in other verse patterns.

노인의 사회활동 참여가 죽음에 대한 태도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

박동미(외 1명) 신라대학교 자연과학연구소 2012 自然科學論文集 Vol.22 No.-

The purpose of this study is to help improve the quality of later life of the older person by guiding his participation in the social activity and re-evaluating his life, as a way of living a fruitful and healthy later life. The subjects are 150 older adults who were recruited from Korean Old Age Society of Busan bukgu branch (over 65 year), a health care center , two settlement houses. The 150 questionaire papers are sent and 140 papers are answered. The materials collected to analyze this study are operated through SPSS win 15.0 statistics program and estimated with descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA and correlation analysis. Result : First, two aspects-the positive attitude and negative attitude about death-are measured. the former score rates average 7.78, the latter one, average 6.37. Second, the attitude toward death in the elderly has no similar relation with sex, age, ducational level, economic status, personal health conditi on, religion and the existence of spouse in respect to statistics. Third, among the older adults social engagement, the role as a group member is shown minus relation(p<.05), comparing the positive attitude with his attitude toward death. Conclusion : The significance of this study is that it deals with the older adult`s social engagement and the attitude toward death. this imperative to help the older adult reflect his life and improve his present life. How to live the rest of his life, how to prepare his last and how to face it are very important to make his present life qualified and well-done.

Dry Pituitary Powder에 對하여

朴勝淑,吳淑子,郭賢玉,裵炯珍,李仙浩 梨花女子大學校 藥學硏究所 1960 梨花藥學硏究 Vol.- No.2

『애가체 소네트』를 통한 샬럿 스미스의 시적 성취

박옥선 새한영어영문학회 1999 새한영어영문학 Vol.41 No.2

The sonnet revival of the late eighteenth century is the first period of literary history in which women poets showed that they could match skills with men poets in the arena of the sonnet, which was previously closed to them by masculine literary traditions. The sonnet is form that women writers deliberately claimed in order to legitimize themselves as poets and to mediate a palace for themselves in its tradition. For Charlotte Smith, poetic form was the means to poetic fame, and she sought a form that suited better the English language and the contemporary mood. Her Elegiac Sonnets offers a new perspective on its engagement with eighteenth-century conceptions of elegy and the Petrarchan sonnet tradition. The elegiac sonnet has no clear antecedent and so Smith appears to be designating a new kind of sonnet. And the title of Elegiac Sonnets announces the illegitimacy of the poems it designates and also it seems the sonnet tradition collides with that of the elegy. Smith's power lies in her ability to transform Petrarch's Italian into her own poetic idiom, which is not merely the English language but also the formalized expression of the elegiac sonnet. In so doing, she creates a new form that connects two seemingly disparate traditions but without blindly adopting them. The hybrid, bastardized form serves both Smith's mournful expression by adopting the elegiac form, with its thematic implications, and her critique of the Petrarchan sonnet in both its formal properties and its erotic and poetic ideologies. Smith takes issue with the influential Petrarchan portrayals of women but, extends her critique to include Petrarchan form itself. Calling her sonnets Elegiac Sonnets, Smith announces its very "illegitimacy" in the collision of poetic forms, but on the other hand, shows that her sonnets are decidedly not legitimate if that must mean a robotic adherence to Petrarchan tenets. In this way she justifies the potentially oxymoronic title, and she successfully informs her identity as a woman poet.