CHF₃ / C₂F6 플라즈마에 의한 실리콘 표면 잔류막의 특성

권광호(K.-H. Kwon),박형호(H.-H. Park),이수민(S. M. Lee),강성준(S. J. Kang),권오준(O.-J. Kwon),김보우(B.W. Kim),성영권(Y.-K. Sung) 한국진공학회(ASCT) 1992 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.1 No.1

실리콘을 CHF₃/C₂F_6 가스 플라즈마를 이용하여 식각하면 실리콘위에 탄소, 불소 및 산소로 이루어진 잔류막이 형성된다. 이 잔류막을 XPS로 분석한 결과 탄소는 C-Si, C-Si, C-C/H, C-CF_x(x≤3), C-F, C-F₂, C-F₃ 결합을 하고 있으며, 불소는 F-Si, F-C 및 F-O 결합으로 이루어져 있음을 알았다. 한편 산소는 O-Si 및 O-F 결합으로, 실리콘은 Si-Si, Si-C 및 Si-O 결합상태를 나타낸다. 잔류막의 수직분포 연구를 통하여 Si-O 및 Si-C 결합이 탄소와 불소의 결합층 아래에 존재하고, 잔류막의 표면부에 F-O 결합이 분포함을 알았다. 또한 건식식각 변수가 잔류막 형성에 미치는 영향이 조사되었으며 CHF₃/C₂F_6 가스 유량비, RF power 벚 압력 등이 잔류막의 두께, 조성비 및 잔류막의 결합상태에 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었다. Si surfaces exposed to CHF₃/C₂F_6 gas plasmas in reactive ion etching (RIE) have been characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). CHF₃/C₂F_6 gas plasma exposure of Si surface leads to the deposition of residual film containing carbon and fluorine. The narrow scan spectra of C 1s show various bonding states of carbon as C-Si, C-Si, C-C/H, C-CF_x(x≤3), C-F, C-F₂, and C-F₃. The chemical bonding states of fluorine are described with F-Si, F-C, and F-O. And the oxygen and silicon are also detected. The effects of parameters for reactive ion etching as CHF₃/C₂F_6 gas ratio, RF power, and pressure are investigated.

A study of nerve agent model organophosphonate binding with manganese-A₂B-corrole and -A₂B₂-porphyrin systems

Kim, K.,Kim, I.,Maiti, N.,Kwon, S.J.,Bucella, D.,Egorova, O.A.,Lee, Y.S.,Kwak, J.,Churchill, D.G. Pergamon Press 2009 Polyhedron Vol.28 No.12

Herein the synthesis and binding studies of novel trans-A<SUB>2</SUB>B-corrole and trans-A<SUB>2</SUB>B<SUB>2</SUB>-porphyrin derivatives are presented in comparing manganese(III)-organophosphonate (OP) binding (e.g., M<SUP>n+</SUP>←O?PR(OR)<SUB>2</SUB>) capabilities. H<SUB>3</SUB>(PFP-VC) [PFP-VC=5,15-di(pentafluorophenyl)-10-(3-vinylphenyl)corrolate] was synthesized by way of literature procedures and was characterized by a variety of 2-D NMR spectroscopic techniques and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. These compounds represent the first example of 3-vinyl-phenyl-containing meso-substituted corroles or porphyrins. Mn(PFP-VC) (3) was treated separately with (CH<SUB>3</SUB>CH<SUB>2</SUB>O)<SUB>2</SUB>P?O(C<SUB>3</SUB>H<SUB>6</SUB>NMe<SUB>2</SUB>), (C<SUB>4</SUB>H<SUB>9</SUB>O)<SUB>2</SUB>P?O(Me), (C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>O)<SUB>2</SUB>P?O(CH<SUB>2</SUB>COCH<SUB>3</SUB>), (CH<SUB>3</SUB>CH<SUB>2</SUB>O)<SUB>2</SUB>P?O(Me), to give 1:1 adducts, as determined by UV-Vis spectroscopy (Job Plot), giving a red shift; Ph<SUB>3</SUB>P?O, was also found to bind, but very weakly. The trans-A<SUB>2</SUB>B<SUB>2</SUB>-porphyrin analogue Mn(PFP-VP) (4) was also prepared by way of a literature procedure; related binding studies gave 1:1 organophosphonate-Mn(PFP-VP) adducts (Job Plot). A clean blue shift occurred for the Mn-porphyrins at higher organophosphonate loadings (K<SUB>a</SUB> values: 6.7 (0.9)-11.9 (0.4)M<SUP>-1</SUP>). DFT geometry optimizations of O?P(OMe)<SUB>2</SUB>Me binding and formal Mn-O or P-O cleavage products in the unsubstituted neutral Mn-corrolato and -porphyrinato systems with a range of metal-based spin states revealed greatest stability in formal phosphoryl oxygen binding (energies: 11-13kcal/mol) for the Mn-corrole (singlet); the Mn-porphyrin (sextet) was also quite stable.

장기 저장연료의 열안정성 및 연료접촉 고무오링의 수명예측 연구

정근우(K. W. Chung),홍진숙(J. S. Hong),김영운(Y. W. Kim),한정식(J. S. Han),정병훈(B. H. Jeong),권태수(T. S. Kwon),서동욱(D. O. Suh),성민준(M. J. Sung),권영일(Y. I. Kwon) 한국트라이볼로지학회 2018 한국윤활학회지(윤활학회지) Vol.34 No.5

Thermal deterioration of fuel due to long-term storage influences engine performance and causes malfunctions. Fuel stability is usually evaluated via heat resistance and thermal stability during a brief heat shock at high temperature; storage stability in this scenario means that there is very little change in the quality of the fuel during long-term storage. In addition, rubber-based products such as oil seals, O-rings, and rubber hoses can influence the quality of the fuel. When these rubber products are in contact with fuel, they can swell, mechanically weaken, and occasionally crack, thus leaking low molar weight rubber and additives including plasticizer and antioxidant into the fuel to degrade its properties and shorten its useful lifetime. This study determines the thermal stabilities of three kinds of synthetic fuels by evaluating their low temperature kinematic viscosities, chemical composition changes via GC analyses, gross heat of combustion, and color changes. We evaluate the compression set of O-rings by immersing one NBR and two FKM rubber O-rings in the three synthetic fuel samples in airtight containers at variable storage temperatures for six months; from this, we estimate the lifetimes of the O-rings using the Power law model. There were very little changes in the chemical compositions and gross heat of combustion after six months of the experiment. The lifetimes are thus dependent on the materials of the rubber products, and in particular, the FKM O-ring was calculated to have a theoretical lifetime of 200 to 5,700 years. These results indicate that the synthetic fuels maintain their physical properties even after long-term storage at high temperatures, and the FKM O-ring is suitable for long-term sealing of these fuels.

미국 의학드라마에 나타난 간호이미지와 역할수행 연구

권영애,길민지,김정현,박옥경,서민정,유현정,이민경,정지혜,조양현,천기윤,이자형,정덕유,김성남 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2009 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.43

We tried to inquire the people's views on nursing or nurses, correct the image of nurse and take it as a basis to be applied on nursing education examining the image of nursing on Television drama playing a important role of mass media. 523 nurses of the characters in drama is applied to the analysis object of this study by selecting 3 American medical dramas, Grey's Anatomy, House M.D, E.R from 2005 to 2007. Contents analysis method was used in Data Analysis, which was used in Lim Mi-lim ?Research on contents analysis on image of nursing on television drama?, 7 Items was used after Coders previously modify and compensate it based on research documents of Kalish & Kalisch(1986), Yoon Young(1983), Lee Hye-Ok(1982), Lee Young-Bok, etc in analysis items. Before making the coding, we did pre-test. 6 Coders made of 3teams, 2 Coders are in each team, made the Codings the article on each person by Item seeing the recorded Film. An each team makes coding about 50episodes, total 147episodes for 2weeks. We used double coding and when the results are different between two coders, we decided just one result through mutual agreement. The average of reliability degree was 97.4% which measured the reliability degree by the method of Holsti. The statistic method of Frequency, Percentage was used using EXCEL Program in data processing. The result of research is as follows. 1. The general feature of nurses on the drama is that they are women(92.7%) which is 20 or 30-aged(70.5%). 2. Relative importance of 65.2% nurses in drama is depicted as surrounding characters and most of them was expressed as the character plating surrounding role. 3. The affair attitude of nurses shown on drama is revealed as active(24.5%), autonomous(32%), kind(16.8%), mechanical(23.2%) and adept(28.4%). However, unknown category is the highest in all affairs. 4. The professional activity of nurses was classified with professional/simple affair, The professional activity of nurses was 80% and simple activity of nurses was 22.9%. The professional activity of nurses was classified with personal/assistant affair. The personal activity of nurses was 61.9% and assistant activity of nurses was 15.1%. 5. The place nurses of the drama appears are hospital(97.7%). 6. The appearance feature of nurses is shown on common physique (55.0%), common stature(79.3%), common appearance(76.1%), common dignity(97.5%) and decent (51.1%). 7. The feature of character of nurses depicted on Television drama is neutral in all 11 affairs. We want the following epigraph based on above conclusion. 1. The continuos research intended for mass people is required about how their image of nurse is changed after watching medical drama. 2. The research to construct monitoring mass media system and make plans for developing is required for nurse image being in a triangular position as a professional job.

건국 우유와 유제품의 소비성향에 관한 조사연구

임종우,김종우,조광호,김영주,유제현,윤여창,장주익,권일경,안효일,이용규,이부응,박종래,이헌종 경상대학교 축산진흥연구소 1989 畜産振興硏究所報 Vol.16 No.1

Excluded vertex-minors for graphs of linear rank-width at most k

Jeong, J.,Kwon, O.j.,Oum, S.i. Academic Press 2014 European journal of combinatorics : Journal europ& Vol.41 No.-

Linear rank-width is a graph width parameter, which is a variation of rank-width by restricting its tree to a caterpillar. As a corollary of known theorems, for each k, there is a finite obstruction set O<SUB>k</SUB> of graphs such that a graph G has linear rank-width at most k if and only if no vertex-minor of G is isomorphic to a graph in O<SUB>k</SUB>. However, no attempts have been made to bound the number of graphs in O<SUB>k</SUB> for k≥2. We show that for each k, there are at least 2<SUP>Ω(3^k)</SUP> pairwise locally non-equivalent graphs in O<SUB>k</SUB>, and therefore the number of graphs in O<SUB>k</SUB> is at least double exponential. To prove this theorem, it is necessary to characterize when two graphs in O<SUB>k</SUB> are locally equivalent. A graph is a block graph if all of its blocks are complete graphs. We prove that if two block graphs without simplicial vertices of degree at least 2 are locally equivalent, then they are isomorphic. This not only is useful for our theorem but also implies a theorem of Bouchet (1988) stating that if two trees are locally equivalent, then they are isomorphic.

Effect of Si interlayer thickness and post-metallization annealing on Ge MOS capacitor on Ge-on-Si substrate

Yoo, O.S.,Oh, J.,Kang, C.Y.,Lee, B.H.,Han, I.S.,Choi, W.H.,Kwon, H.M.,Na, M.K.,Majhi, P.,Tseng, H.H.,Jammy, R.,Wang, J.S.,Lee, H.D. Elsevier Sequoia 2008 Materials science & engineering. B, Advanced funct Vol.154 No.-

We demonstrated the effect of post-metallization annealing and Si interlayer thickness on Ge MOS capacitor on Ge-on-Si substrate with HfO<SUB>2</SUB>/TaN. Ge outdiffusion and oxygen interdiffusion were completely suppressed by thick Si interfacial layer. As a result, formation of insufficient low-k Ge oxides was effectively inhibited. It is confirmed that gate current of Si passivated Ge MOS was decreased by Si IL and decrease of gate current, J<SUB>g</SUB> is saturated after Si IL of 2nm. It was also observed that when Si IL is thick enough to restrict Ge outdiffusion, increase of J<SUB>g</SUB> is not due to the temperature-induced Ge outdiffusion but due to the partial crystallization of HfO<SUB>2</SUB> at higher annealing temperature.

돼지 卵子의 透明帶에 대한 單一클론抗體生産과 그 特性에 關한 硏究

金鐘培,劉永春,金昌圭,權五中,鄭盛元,鄭吉生 건국대학교 동물자원연구센터 1991 動物資源硏究誌 Vol.16 No.-

本 試驗은 單一클론抗體의 강한 特異性과 抗體性質의 不變性을 이용하여 發生學的 側面에서 哺乳動物 卵子의 透明帶의 機能과 構造를 이해하고, 또한 種特異的인 精子 受容體의 存在 및 生化學的 構造를 규명하기 위한 기초연구로서, 돼지 卵子의 透明帶를 免疫原으로 하여 BABL/c 생쥐로부터 單一클론抗體를 생산하고 그 특성을 구명하였던 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 3마리의 BABL/c 생쥐(YⅠ, YⅡ, ZI)에 돼지卵子의 透明帶를 免疫化하고, 複合抗體 生成을 확인한 후 생쥐의 脾臟細胞와 Myeloma(SP2/O-Ag14)를 polyethylene glycol를 融合을 실시한 결과 각각 25.8%, 54.5% 그리고 59.7%의 融合效率을 나타내었으며, ELISQ에 의해 陽性反應을 조사한 결과 각각 17.3%, 32.6% 그리고 6.2% 陽性反應 效率을 나타내었다. 2) YI에서 강한 陽性反應을 보인 6개의 well에 대한 cloning을 실시하고 抗體檢證을 행한 결과 20.8% ∼ 48.4%의 Cloning效率과 54.6% ∼ 82%의 陽性反應 效率을 나타내었다. 3) 강한 陽性反應을 나타낸 항체에 대해 sandwich ELISA法에 의해 isotype을 決定하였던바 2E93C(YⅠ), 3E83E7(YⅠ), 4E3(YⅡ)각각 IgG₂b, IgG₂a, IgM으로 확인되었다. 4) Isotype이 決定된 2E93C9(YⅠ), 3E84E7(YⅠ), 4E3(YⅡ)의 세포를 생쥐의 腹腔에 주사하여 얻은 腹水를 indirect ELISA法에 의해 titer를 決定한 결과 모두 1:400,000 이상의 높은 titer를 나타내었다. 5) 處理區로서 單一클론抗體의 腹水와 對照區로서 normal mouse serum이 각각 2%씩 함유된 배양액속에서 난자를 배양한 후 顯徵鏡下에서 관찰했을 때 對照區에서 배양된 난자의 표면은 정상적인 형태를 나타냈으나 處理區에서 배양된 卵子는 표면에 뚜렷한 沈澱層을 형성하였다. 6) 處理區와 對照區 卵子를 Rabbit anti-mouse IgG-FITC가 1% 함유된 배양액속에서 배양하고 洗滌한 후 螢光顯徵鏡下에서 관찰한 바 處理區의 卵子는 透明帶 주위에서 螢光이 나타났으나, 對照區에서는 나타나지 않았다. This study was carried out ot produce and characterize monoclonal antibodies against porcine zona pellucida, and undertaken as a basic study to develop immunocontraceptive vaccine and to investigate the function of zana pellucida in early fertilization process. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Spleen cells of three BALB/C mice(YⅠ, YⅡ and ZI) which were immunized with porcine zona pelucida were fused with myeloma cells(SP2/O-Ag14) by polyethylene glycol. At the result of fusion, fusion efficiency was 25.8 , 54.5% and 59.7% and positive efficiency 17.3%, 32.6% and 6.2%, respectively. 2. Cloning efficiency was shown to be from 20.8% to 48.4% and positive efficiency of them were 54.6% to 82%. 3. Sub-isotypes of three strong positive antibodies, 2E93C(YⅠ), 3E83E7(YⅠ) and 4E3(YⅡ) were determined by sandwich ELISA method and shown to be as IgG2b, IgH2a and IgM, respectively. 4. The titers of three ascitic fluids containing antibodies, 2E93C9(YⅠ), 3E84E7(YⅠ) and 4E3(YⅡ) were determined by indirect ELISA and all of them showed above 1:400,000. 5. The layer of precipitate was observed on the zona incubated with medium containing 2% ascitic fluid of monoclonal antibody while the eggs treated with 2% normal mouse serum did not. 6. Porcine eggs incubated with medium containing 2% ascitic fluid of monoclonal antibody and followed by subsequent incubation with Rabbit anti-mouse IgG-FITC conjugate showed strong fluorescent light on the zona surface while the zona of normal mouse serum-treated eggs did not show fluorescence.

342 EFFECTS OF MELATONIN ON PREIMPLANTATION DEVELOPMENT OF PORCINE PARTHENOGENETIC EMBRYOS

Kang, J.-T.,Koo, O.-J.,Kwon, D.-K.,Park, S.-J.,Atikuzzaman, M.,Gomez, N.,Jang, G.,Lee, B.-C. CSIRO Publishing 2010 Reproduction, fertility, and development Vol.22 No.1

<P> In mammalian species, melatonin is a multi-functional pineal gland hormone that regulates several circadian and seasonal rhythms including reproduction. However, the melatonin study was not common as to the oocytes in the pig. Recently, we reported that exogenous melatonin has beneficial effects on nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation during porcine oocyte IVM and we also reported an existence of melatonin receptor on the cumulus cells and granulose cells (Kang JT et al. 2009 J. Pineal Res. 46(1), 22-28). In this study, as adding further experiments rather than our previous study, we investigated effect of exogeneous melatonin (10 ng mL-1) on the porcine oocytes and analyzed possible factors which can be responsible for that results. Oocytes were recovered by aspiration of slaughterhouse ovaries, and then matured in TCM-199 supplemented with EGF, insulin, pyruvate, cystine, and gonadotropin. Expression of apoptosis-related genes mRNA in oocytes cultured with melatonin were evaluated by real-time PCR (Exp 1), cumulus cell expansion on COC was assessed on the microscopes during in vitro maturation (Exp 2), and developmental effects between melatonin treatement group and non-treatment group on the in vitro culture of parthenogenetically activated oocytes was investigated (Exp 3). In results, oocytes matured with melatonin were assessed for the expression of apoptosis-related genes Bcl-xl (anti-apoptotic gene) and Bax (proapoptotic gene) by real-time quantitative PCR. Analysis of data showed that the expression of Bcl-xl was higher compared to the control while the expression of Bax was decreased relative to the control (P < 0.05). Cumulus cell expansion was evaluated under a stereomicroscope at 22 h, 44 h during IVM. Representative photomicrographs of porcine COC at the start of the IVM, after 22 h and 44 h treatment with melatonin, are shown in Figure. After 22 h of melatonin treatment, cumulus cells were visually expanded compared with non-treatment group. We analyzed significantly greater proportion of parthenogenetically activated oocytes developed to blastocyst when the IVM medium was supplemented with melatonin. Melatonin treatment in the IVM has consequently beneficial effect on the blastocyst formation rates on the development of porcine parthenogenetic embryos (15.4%) compared to non-treatment group (10.7%, P < 0.05). However, cleavage frequency was not affectedby the treatment. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that melatonin had a beneficial effect on the development of parthenogenetically activated porcine embryos, probably through decreased apoptosis rate and increased cumulus cell expansion. This study was supported by Korean MKE, MEST (BK21 program), and Hanhwa L&C </P>

돼지의 거세시기가 체중 및 도체형질에 미치는 영향

이종문,박준철,권오섭,조규호,박종대,김명직,박무균,유충현 한국축산학회 1999 한국축산학회지 Vol.41 No.4

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of castration on growth, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics of pigs castrated at 3 different ages of one-day, seven-day and one-month, which were compared to intact pigs. Each treatment group had 16 pigs and the results obtained from this experiment with 64 pigs were summarized as follows: Boars with average daily gain of 0.870㎏ grew faster than any other barrow groups during the period of 20-110㎏. The back fat thickness; at 110㎏ live weight was significantly lower(P$lt; 0.05) in boars than barrows and the average back fat thicknesses of intact boars, and barrows castrated at the ages of one-day, seven-day and one-month were 2.23, 2.67, 3.05 and 2.83cm, respectively. Castration treatments seemed to improve carcass quality grade based on the results of this study. Castration done at the early age is considered to be better to improve growth, carcass quality and to save labor for castration.