응집과 응결에 대한 이론적 고찰

박광하,김한수,정강연,송인규,권영두 7개 국립대학교 환경연구 논문집 공동발행 위원회 2002 환경연구논문집 Vol.2 No.1

일반적으로 수중에 존재하는 콜로이드 입자와 용존성 오염물질은 수중에서 안정한 분산상태를 유지하여 침전이나 여과와 같은 물리적 처리로는 제거할 수 없다. 이와 같은 크기의 입자를 효율적으로 제거하기 위한 고·액분리 공정으로 응집은 수처리에서 널리 사용되는 단위공정이다. 특히 응집은 산업폐수처리에서 입자성과 용존성 물질을 제거하여 유용한 금속성분을 회수하기도 하기에 중요한 공정이라고 할 수 있다. 콜로이드 입자의 응집은 두 입자 사이의 전기적 반발력과 van der Waals힘에 의한 인력사이의 에너지 장벽을 극복할 수 있는 충분한 운동에너지를 가해 주거나, 입자표면의 반대전하를 가진 응집제를 가하여 표면전하를 중화시키거나, 전해질을 첨가하여 입자간의 반발력을 감소시켜 에너지 장벽을 낮춤으로서 이루어진다. 수처리에서 응집공정을 효과적으로 운영하기 위해 적절한 응집제를 선택하고 최적 응집제 주입량을 적용하여 요구되는 수질기준을 향상시켜야 한다. 또한 응집공정은 수처리 시스템의 전체 공정을 경제적으로 설계하는데 중요한 역할을 하리라 생각된다.

MOCVD법에 의한 광 통신용 1.55㎛ PBH-DFB 레이저 다이오드 제작

오환술,김중연,전현성,강명구 건국대학교 산업기술연구원 1997 건국기술연구논문지 Vol.22 No.-

DC-PBHDFB LD operating at 1.55㎛ were fabricated by 3-step MOCVD process. The first-order grating with 2370Å period and 700Å etching depth was formed by holographic lithography and wet etching. Fabricated DCPBH-DFB LD operates in single longitudinal mode with side-mode suppression of more than 35dB and the lasing wavelength of 1.547㎛ at room temperature and 5mW, and the lasing threshold current and the slope efficiency were 15.6mA and 0.15mW/mA, respectively. The characteristic temperature of threshold current(To) and the temperature dependence of the lasing wavelength were obtained 57.3K and 1.0Å/℃ from the DFB laser between 20℃ and 70℃, respectively.

Studies on the Development of New Angiotensin Ⅱ Receptor Antagonist as the Treatment of Hypertensives

Jung, Kang Yeoun,Lee, Kun Ho 한국공업화학회 1997 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.3 No.1

As the life span of mankind increases, the occurrence of various adult diseases also increases dramatically. Hypertension among them, which is being fatal for a human life, required usually a long time to treat effectively and safely. The purpose of this study is to synthesize new nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonists used for a treatment of hypertensives, and to find out their biological activities. On the basis of the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of the nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonists obtained in other studies, we are trying to get a leading compound for the synthesis of new angiotensin II receptor antagonists, specially imidazopyridine derivatives, which are showing an excellent biological activity and low toxicity in the treatment of hypertensives.

Synthesis and Structure–Activity Relationships of Gadolinium Complexes of DO3A–Benzothiazole Conjugates as Potential Theranostic Agents

Jung, Ki‐,Hye,Kang, Sun‐,Hee,Kang, Min‐,Kyoung,Kim, Soyeon,Kim, Hee‐,Kyung,Kim, Yeoun‐,Hee,Ho Lee, Gang,Shim, Gyu‐,Bo,Jung, Jae‐,Chang,Chang, Yongmin,Kim, Tae WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2015 European journal of inorganic chemistry Vol.2015 No.4

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The synthesis of two bifunctional chelates, 1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7‐triacetic acid (DO3A) conjugates of benzothiazoles (H<SUB>3</SUB>L<SUP>3a</SUP> and H<SUB>3</SUB>L<SUP>3b</SUP>), and the corresponding gadolinium complexes (GdL<SUP>3a</SUP> and GdL<SUP>3b</SUP>) was achieved. The intracellular and tumor‐specific nature of GdL<SUP>3a</SUP> and GdL<SUP>3b</SUP> were confirmed by magnetic resonance images of the cytosols and nuclei of various cell lines. The two complexes displayed antitumor activities with varying degrees of growth‐inhibition and total‐growth‐inhibition values depending on the types of tumor cells. They caused morphological changes in tumor cell lines at much lower concentrations of gadolinium ([Gd] ≥ 50 μ<SMALL>M</SMALL>) than their predecessors, DO3A–(<I>p</I>‐aniline benzothiazole) conjugates (H<SUB>3</SUB>L<SUP>1</SUP>), and its Gd<SUP>III</SUP> complex (GdL<SUP>1</SUP>) required concentrations that were almost four times as high ([Gd] ≥ 200 μ<SMALL>M</SMALL>).</P>

Reductive Amination of γ-Keto Mono or Geminal Bisphosphonates with Primary Amines

Jung, Kang Yeoun,Lee, Mi Young 한국공업화학회 1999 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.5 No.3

Reductive amination of carbonyl functionality to an amine is a very important tool in the synthesis of different kinds of amines. Commonly most of these processes have been applied for the carbonyl compounds, which contain various substituents except phosphonate functional group to an an-fine. During our study to synthesize aminated mono or bisphosphonate compounds as a drug we have tried several methods for the reductive amination of γ-keto mono or bisphosphonates. To get the desired product in a reasonable yield we have used, among various methods, the one-pot reductive amination process using sodium triacetoxyborohydride and acetic acid.

약물방출 스텐트 시술을 받은 급성 심근경색증 환자에서 항인지질 항체의 존재가 주요 심혈관 사건에 미치는 영향

정연수 ( Yeoun Su Jung ),이봉렬 ( Bong Ryeol Lee ),류한준 ( Han Jun Ryu ),박민규 ( Min Kyu Park ),김민희 ( Min Hee Kim ),정호진 ( Ho Jin Jung ),이준영 ( Jun Young Lee ),강현재 ( Hyun Jae Kang ),정병천 ( Byung Chun Jung ),장순희 ( 대한내과학회 2013 대한내과학회지 Vol.84 No.5

목적: 항인지질항체는 급성 심근경색증의 발병과 연관이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 하지만 약물방출 스텐트를 삽입한 급성 심근경색증 환자에게서 항인지질항체와 주요 심혈관 사건의 발생과의 연관성은 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 이 연구의 목적은 약물방출 스텐트를 시술한 급성 심근경색증 환자에서 항인지질항체와 주요 심혈관 사건 발생과의 연관성을 알아보는 것이다. 방법: 본 연구는 성공적으로 약물방출 스텐트를 삽입한 급성 심근경색증 생존자를 대상으로 항인지질항체 양성군과 음성군으로 나누어 주요 심혈관 사건과의 연관성에 대해 후향적으로 연구하였다. Background/Aims: Several studies have reported an association between antiphospholipid antibodies (APA) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, the relationship between APA and the prognosis after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation in patients with AMI is not known. Methods: Thus, we investigated the relationship between the incidence of MACE and APA levels in patients with AMI who underwent successful DES implantation. Results: Of 182 patients, 78 (42.9%) tested positive for APA. Lupus anticoagulant was positive in 37.6% (68 of 181) patients, anticardiolipin antibody IgM was positive in 8.3% (15 of 180), and anticardiolipin antibody IgG was positive in 1.7% (3 of 180) patients. At follow up, a MACE had occurred in 11 (14.1%) patients in the APA-positive group and in seven (6.7%) patients in the APA-negative group (p = 0.099). Conclusions: No significant association was found between the incidence of MACE and the presence of APA in patients with AMI who underwent successful DES implantation. (Korean J Med 2013;84:681-689)

Naringenin Derivative Diethyl (5,4'-dihydroxy flavanone-7-yl) Phosphate Inhibits Cell Growth and Induces Apoptosis in A549 Human Lung Cancer Cells

Kim, Jung-Hee,Kim, Hee-Jong,Bak, Ye-Sol,Kang, Jeong-Woo,Lee, Dong-Hun,Kim, Man-Sub,Park, Yun-Sun,Kim, Eun-Jin,Jung, Kang-Yeoun,Lim, Yoong-Ho,Hong, Jin-Tae,Yoon, Do-Young The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemisty 2012 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.55 No.1

Anti-cancer effects of naringenin derivative diethyl (5,4'-dihydroxy flavanone-7-yl) phosphate were evaluated in human lung cancer cells. The effect of diethyl (5,4'-dihydroxy flavanone-7-yl) phosphate (dEdHF-7-p) on A549 cell viability was measured using MTS assay and cell counting. Morphological changes were detected using phase-contrast microscopy. Apoptosis was analyzed using Hoechst staining. The influence of dEdHF-7-p on cell cycle distribution was determined using propidium iodide (PI) staining, and protein expression was determined by Western blot analysis. A newly synthesized naringenin derivative dEdHF-7-p suppressed cell growth of A549 though mechanisms including inhibition of cell cycle and increased apoptosis. Apoptotic and cell cycle modulators were changed by dEdHF-7-p in A549 cells; cyclins, ppRB, and anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 were down-regulated, whereas apoptotic factor Bax and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p53 were enhanced, thereby releasing cytochrome c into the cytosol of dEdHF-7-p-treated-A549 cells. dEdHF-7-p treatment processed caspases-3/-8/-9 and cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase. The dEdHF-7-p treatment enhanced Fas expression and decreased expression of cell survival factors such as PI3K and p-Akt in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, dEdHF-7-p induces apoptosis by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt survival signaling pathway and modulating mitochondria-emanated intrinsic and Fas extrinsic pathways in A549 cells.

Molecular and Structural Characterization of the Tegumental 20.6-kDa Protein in <i>Clonorchis sinensis</i> as a Potential Druggable Target

Kim, Yu-Jung,Yoo, Won Gi,Lee, Myoung-Ro,Kang, Jung-Mi,Na, Byoung-Kuk,Cho, Shin-Hyeong,Park, Mi-Yeoun,Ju, Jung-Won MDPI 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.18 No.3

<P>The tegument, representing the membrane-bound outer surface of platyhelminth parasites, plays an important role for the regulation of the host immune response and parasite survival. A comprehensive understanding of tegumental proteins can provide drug candidates for use against helminth-associated diseases, such as clonorchiasis caused by the liver fluke <I>Clonorchis sinensis</I>. However, little is known regarding the physicochemical properties of <I>C. sinensis</I> teguments. In this study, a novel 20.6-kDa tegumental protein of the <I>C. sinensis</I> adult worm (CsTegu20.6) was identified and characterized by molecular and in silico methods. The complete coding sequence of 525 bp was derived from cDNA clones and encodes a protein of 175 amino acids. Homology search using BLASTX showed CsTegu20.6 identity ranging from 29% to 39% with previously-known tegumental proteins in <I>C. sinensis</I>. Domain analysis indicated the presence of a calcium-binding EF-hand domain containing a basic helix-loop-helix structure and a dynein light chain domain exhibiting a ferredoxin fold. We used a modified method to obtain the accurate tertiary structure of the CsTegu20.6 protein because of the unavailability of appropriate templates. The CsTegu20.6 protein sequence was split into two domains based on the disordered region, and then, the structure of each domain was modeled using I-TASSER. A final full-length structure was obtained by combining two structures and refining the whole structure. A refined CsTegu20.6 structure was used to identify a potential CsTegu20.6 inhibitor based on protein structure-compound interaction analysis. The recombinant proteins were expressed in <I>Escherichia coli</I> and purified by nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid affinity chromatography. In <I>C. sinensis</I>, CsTegu20.6 mRNAs were abundant in adult and metacercariae, but not in the egg. Immunohistochemistry revealed that CsTegu20.6 localized to the surface of the tegument in the adult fluke. Collectively, our results contribute to a better understanding of the structural and functional characteristics of CsTegu20.6 and homologs of flukes. One compound is proposed as a putative inhibitor of CsTegu20.6 to facilitate further studies for anthelmintics.</P>

신체적 억제대 지침 개발 및 사용 효과

정윤중,김혜현,김은한,김지연,차세정,김유진,강정은,정연화,정영선,김영환,경규혁,홍석경,Jung, Yooun-Joong,Kim, Hea-Hyun,Kim, Eun-Han,Kim, Ji-Yeoun,Cha, Se-Jung,Kim, You-Jin,Kang, Jung-Eun,Chung, Yeon-Hwa,Jung, Young-Sun,Kim, Young-Hwan,Kyou 한국의료질향상학회 2014 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.20 No.1

Objective: The objective of this research was to develop a guideline for more effective use of physical restraint on patients in the intensive care unit and training the nurses on it and applying it on clinical practice to assess its effectiveness. Method: This research analyzed the before and after effect of the development of a guideline for physical restraint by dividing the category into nurse and patient. In the case of nurse, a comparison of knowledge and nursing service regarding the use of physical restraint from before the training on physical restraint guideline(Jan. 2011) and after the training on physical restraint guideline(Dec. 2011) was made. In the case of patient, a comparison of physical restraint usage rate and average usage time, the number of unplanned extubation cases were compared from before the use of physical restraint (Jan.~Apr. 2011) and after the use of physical restraint (Sep.~Dec. 2011) were made. Result: After the training on the physical restraint guideline, the knowledge of the nurse and the nursing practice showed notable improvement by (p<0.000) and (p<0.048) respectively and in patient, physical restraint usage rate and average time of usage decreased by (p<0.001) and (p<0.001) respectively. And despite the decrease in the number of cases in which the physical restraint was used, the number of unplanned extubation cases remained the same. Conclusion: Physical restraint guideline training and guideline usage can be stated to have brought out positive effect in both the nurse and patient. In order to maintain such positive effects, continuous training is necessary and continuous revaluation is necessary, regarding knowledge and nursing practices.

The efficacy evaluation of recombinant HVT+IBD vaccine against vvIBDV strain SH/92 isolated in Korea

Jung-Tae Kwon(권정택),Min Kang,Se-Yeoun Cha,Hee-Jong Song,Hyung-Kwon Jang 한국가금학회 2009 한국가금학회 정기총회 및 학술발표회 Vol.26 No.-

전염성 F낭병 (Infectious bursal disease, IBD)은 미국에서 최초 발생한 이래로 전 세계적으로 발병하고 있는 닭의 급성 전염병으로 IBD virus(IBDV)가 원인체이다. 주로 3~6주령의 닭에서 우모 역립, 설사, 침울 등의 임상증상을 동반한 폐사뿐만 아니라 면역억제에 기인한 2차적인 병원체의 기회감염 증대와 타 백신에 대한 면역유도 저하를 유발하여 경제적으로 큰 손실을 끼치고 있다. 예방백신 프로그램이 널리 적용 되고 있지만 한 종계군 내 및 타 종계군 간의 항체역가의 다양성으로 병아리의 모체이행항체 역가수준이 균일하지 않아 백신접종 시기 결정이 어렵다는 점, 또한 고병원성주의 유행으로 병아리 최초 감염 시기가 빨라진 점 등으로 인해 예방에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 또한 고병원성주를 방어하기 위해 중간독 플러스 백신(intermediate plus hot vaccine)을 사용하지만, 백신 자체의 병원성으로 인해 상당한 면역억제를 일으키는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 Herpesvirus of turkey(HVT)를 벡터로 하여 IBDV의 vp2 유전자를 삽입한 재조합 백신(rHVT+IBD vaccine)을 개발하여 국내 고병원성 전염성 F낭병 바이러스(SH/92)에 대한 방어효능을 평가하였다. rHVT+IBD 백신의 고병원성 IBDV에 대한 방어효능 실험에서 백신 미접종 군에서는 20~80 %의 폐사율이 나타났고 방어율도 0~33 %로 낮은 방어율을 보인 반면, 재조합 백신 접종군은 폐사는 없었으며 방어율도 67~93 %로 높았다. 또한 F낭의 B/B ratio 값 및 조직학적 병변 확인 결과 백신 미접종 군은 대조군과 비교 시 상당한 위축 및 여포소실을 보인 반면, 백신군의 경우는 F낭의 손상이 매우 적은 것으로 보아 rHVT+IBD 백신이 SPF 산란계, 육계, 토종닭 등 모든 품종에서 고병원성 IBDV에 대한 충분한 방어능을 제공한 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 rHVT+IBD 백신의 난내접종 실험에서도 백신의 피하접종 시험의 결과 보다는 방어능이 약간 떨어지지만 높은 방어율을 보여 백신의 18일령 난내접종 또한 유효한 것으로 나타났다. IBDV에 대한 항체역가 생산능을 확인한 실험에서는 ELISA 키트에 따른 민감도의 차이로 인해 최초 항체역가 검출 시기가 달랐지만 백신접종 후 6주 이후 에는 모든 키트에서 항체가 확인되었으며 12주령까지 지속적으로 증가하는 항체역가를 나타내었다. 본 시험의 결과 rHVT+IBD 백신의 1일령 병아리, 18일령 부화란 접종시 2주, 3주, 5주령 때 시험에 공시한 모든 품종에서 IBD를 충분히 방어할 수 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 이는 기존 생백신 접종시 문제가 되었던 접종시기 결정의 어려움 및 중간독 백신의 병원성에 의한 피해를 해결할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 또한 HVT를 벡터 백신으로 사용하였기 때문에 장시간 동안 충분한 면역능을 제공하는 것으로 확인되었다. 이로 인해 보다 효율적인 종계 백신 프로그램이 가능해 질 것으로 기대된다. Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is causative agent of IBD causes considerable economic losses in the poultry industry by inducing sever clinical signs, immunosuppression, and high mortality in young chickens. The bursa of Fabricius(BF) is a target organ for the IBDV. B lymphocytes are destroyed by IBDV infection, followed by severe immunosuppression in chickens. Immunosuppressed flocks perform poorly and show reduced economic return. Despite widely used vaccination programs, IBD is one of the major economically important diseases of poultry world wide. In this study, we evaluated that an protection efficacy and safe HVT-based IBD recombinant vaccine (rHVT+IBD). Although live IBDV vaccines proved highly immunogenic and effective in chickens, there are several advantages to the rHVT+IBD vaccine. (ⅰ) rHVT+IBD vaccine is a subunit vaccine. Therefore, it does not induce side effects in the BF. In contrast, live IBDV vaccines induce atrophy of the BF (ⅱ) Variant IBDV strains do not come from the rHVT+IBD vaccine. (ⅲ) It is expected that the protective immunity to IBDV will continue for an extended period of time, because the vaccine is a herpesvirus. The aims of this study was that the clinical test for rHVT+IBD vaccine application to prevention of IBD that is highly contagious immunosuppressive viral disease in the field. And the comparative analysis of protection efficacy of recombinant vaccine in different kinds of chickens (SPF, broiler, and Koreanative chicks).