치료환경에 따른 만성정신질환자의 삶의 질

배 안,김진학,박수희,김명규,김중원 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.6

연구목적: 일 지역사회(나주시) 만성정신질환자 대상의 치료환경을 그 환경적 특성에 따라 전통적인 외래치료환경, 개방적인 입원치료환경, 폐쇄적인 입원치료환경으로 분류하고, 각각의 치료환경에 거주하는 만성정신질환자의 주관적 및 객관적 삶의 질을 평가 비교함으로서 치료환경의 특성과 차이를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 전통적인 외래치료환경 환자 85명, 개방병동 입원환자 67명, 폐쇄병동 입원환자 58명이었다. 이들에게 Lehman quality of life scale을 사용하여 반구조적 면담을 시행하여 삶의 질의 객관적 및 주관적 지표들의 지수를 측정하고 세 환경간 측정치를 비교하였다. 세 집단간의 차이를 분석하기 위해 ANOVA Test와 χ²검증을 사용하였다. 결 과: 환자들의 자율성과 다양한 정신사회재활 서비스가 제공되고 있는 개방병동 환자들의 전반적인 생활에 대한 만족도가 지역사회 및 폐쇄병동의 환자들에 비해 더 높았다. 지역사회에서 외래치료를 받는 환자들은 한달 쓰는 용돈이 많고 피해를 본 경험이 적었지만, 여가활동 및 사회적 접촉빈도가 입원환자에 비해 더 낮았고, 건강과 재정, 여가활동의 주관적 만족도도 더 낮았다. 입원치료중인 만성질환자들은 지역사회 환자들에 비해 여가활동 및 사회적 접촉빈도가 더 많았고, 월 평균 쓰는 비용이 더 적었지만 주관적 만족도는 오히려 더 높았다. 또한 이들은 최근 1년간 폭력 및 비폭력에 피해를 당한 경험이 더 많았으며, 건강에 관한 만족도는 더 높았다. 결 론: 치료환경의 특성에 따라 만성정신질환자가 보고하는 삶의 질에 차이를 보였으며, 개방병동에서 생활하고 있는 만성정신질환자들의 삶의 질이 가장 높았다. 향후 지역사회에 거주하고 있는 환자들의 삶의 질 향상을 위해서는 다양한 정신사회재활 서비스가 제공될 필요성이 있을 것으로 보았다. Objectives: This study aimed to figure out the characteristics and differences of therapeutic environment by classifying into closed-ward inpatient, open-ward inpatient and community residence out-patient environment and comparing objective and subjective quality of life of each group. Methods : The subjects consisted of 67 open-ward chronic inpatients, 58 closed -ward inpatients in the National Naju Mental Hospital and 85 outpatients living in Naju. We measured objective and subjective quality of life using semi-structural interview by Leman`s quality of life scale and compared the 3 groups. We used one-way ANOVA and chi-square test to analyze the differences of the 3 groups. Results: Open-ward inpatients who have autonomy and various community service program were more satisfied with their general life than the others. Community residence outpatients spent more money and less assaults experience but their leisure activities and social contact frequencies were lower than in the inpatients. Outpatients were less satisfied with their health, finances and leasure activities. Inpatients had made leisure activities and higher social contact frequency than outpatients. They were more satisfied with their finances despite of the spending less the money monthly than the outpatients. They experienced violence and damage more often for the past one year and were more satisfied with their health. Conclusions: The quality of life reported by chronic mental patients differed according to the characteristics of therapeutic environment. The life-quality of open-ward inpatients were the highest among the 3 groups. It is necessary to serve various community service program so that we can improve the life-quality of community residence outpatients.

H9c2 심근 세포주에서 외인성 nitric oxide가 허혈에 의한 세포 독성에 미치는 영향

정성구,장현용,김명천,고영관,정주호,배영미,박원서,김대중,유영민,김성수,임성빈 대한응급의학회 2001 대한응급의학회지 Vol.12 No.4

Background: Nitric oxide(NO) is known to have protective effects on an ischemic heart and to exert triggering effects on ischemic preconditioning. However, the effects of NO during the ischemic period have not been investigated. To investigate the role of exogenous nitric oxide in a model of ischemic heart cell death, we studied the effects of ischemic preconditioning and ischemia in a normal and an ischemic buffer. Methods: Rat cardiac myoblast cells(H9c2) were cultured in a normal and an ischemic buffered medium. For the ischemic culture of heart cells, the cells were cultured in a dessicator with GasPak for 5 hrs. In ischemic preconditioning, the cells were pretreated with ischemic buffer for 5 min and then perfused with normal medium for 30 min. For the measurement of the cytotoxicity, a MTT(3-4-Sdimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay was performed. A DAPI(4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride) staining procedure and a flow cytometry analysis were performed to confirm apoptotic cell death by ischemia. Results: Cell viability, as determined by using a MTT assay, showed that the preconditioned group treated with NO showed more cell death than with the not-preconditioned groups in both normal and ischemic buffers. But, In normal medium and not-preconditioned groups, NO showed protective effect according to the concentrations(100,1000μM) . No treatment with NO produced the different results. In normal medium, the protective effect of ischemic preconditioning was demonstrated, but no protective effect of ischemic preconditioning could be seen in the case of the ischemic buffer. The DAPI staining and flow cytometry analysis of heart cells showed characteristic apoptotic features. Conclusion: NO added in the ischemic phase had deterious effects on heart cells. Ischemic preconditioning was more harmful than ischemia alone. The toxicity of the cells was characteristic apoptosis.

임상 증상이 심하지 않은 심낭 삼출 환자의 장기 추적 결과

배장호,김기식,강미숙,남명희,김미정,김민수,김기영,님창욱,김윤년,김권배,정시전,김여희 대한순환기학회 1999 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.29 No.7

IP/GMPLS/WDM 시스템 시험 방안

배세인,정기성,유명식 崇實大學校 生産技術硏究所 2002 論文集 Vol.32 No.-

In recent years, the IP trafic has been increased in an unprecedented rate, and as a result, the IP/GMPLS/WDM networking solution has been proposed for the next generation Internet, Now, the WDM systems have been deployed in the real communication networks, and at the same time, the standardization for the control plane of WDM network (e.g., GMPLS) has been actively in progress. It is expected that the WDM system with GMPLS control plane will be introduced in the market in near future. However, although it is necessary for the WDM systems to be verified working properly as recommended in the standards before the deployment, there has been a little work in this area. Thus, in this paper, we propose an efficient test procedures for the IP/GMPLS/WDM systems to minimize any networking problem of WDM systems when daployed. The test procedures are proposed for two area: the WDM system and the GMPLS control plane protocols, each of which covers the conformance test, the interoperability test, and the performance test.

FGR 환경설비 시스템 보일러의 성능 및 배기 배출물에 미치는 재순환 배기의 영향

배명환,정광호,최승철 慶尙大學校 經營行政大學院 2004 工學硏究院論文集 Vol.20 No.-

The effect of recirculated exhaust gas on performance and exhaust emissions with FGR rate are investigated by using a natural circulation, pressurized draft and water tube boiler with FGR system operating at several boiler loads and over fire air(OFA) damper openings. The purpose of this study is to apply the FGR system to a power plant boiler for reducing NO_(x) emissions. To activate the combustion, the suction damper of two stage combustion system installed in the upper side of wind box is opened by handling the lever between 0˚ and 90˚, and the OFA with 0 to 20% into the flame is supplied, as the combustion air supplied to burner is reduced. It is found that the fuel consumption rate divided by evaporation rate does not show an obvious tendency to increase or decrease with rising the FGR rate, and NO_(x) emissions are decreased, at the same OFA damper opening, as FGR rates are elevated and boiler loads are dropped. While a small quantity of soot is emitted without the operational conditions of boiler load, OFA damper opening and FGR rate, because soot emissions are eliminated by the electrostatic precipitator with a collecting efficiency of 86.7%.

저온 냉풍시스템을 이용한 환경친화적 가공시스템의 성능평가

배정철,김경중,황인옥,강명창,김정석 한국공작기계학회 2004 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.13 No.2

In industrially advanced countries, environmentally conscious machining was eagerly studied because of ecological and economical reasons. As the environmental regulations become stricter, the new machining technologies which take environmental aspects into consideration are being developed. Recently the research institutions have established application method for dry, semi-dry, oil-mist and compressed cold air machining. In this paper the performance of new compressed cold air system for environmentally conscious machining is investigated and machinability of dry and new compressed cold air machining is evaluated. A series of tests are carried out by using measuring equipments in condition of dry and compressed cold air machining.

선박용 대형 2행정 디젤기관에 있어서 모터구동 실린더 주유기의 유량 및 송출 특성

배명환,정화,안명훈 경상대학교 생산기술연구소 2003 工學硏究院論文集 Vol.19 No.-

It is of great economic importance to minimize the cylinder wear and the consumption rate of cylinder oil. The home-manufactured motor-drive cylinder lubricator is first developed by the industry-university cooperation. The effects of revolution speed, oil temperature and plunger stroke length on oil flow rate. injection delay duration, and maximum delivery and injection pressures are experimentally investigated by the cylinder lubricator developed in this study. The maximum delivery pressure of oil line in 0.03 m and the maximum injection pressure of oil line in 6.78 m away from the end of lubricating slot are risen as plunger stroke length and revolution speed are increased, but the maximum delivery and injection pressures are lowered as the oil temperature is increased without plunger stroke length.

새조개 가공부산물을 이용한 속성 액젓의 제조 및 저장안정성

김명희,조영철,배태진,손정호,김귀식 여수대학교 1997 論文集 Vol.11 No.2

A rapid processing for fermented fish sauce from cockle shell by-product and their quality and storage stability was investigated. The weight ratio of cockle shell by-product about the whole cockle shell was 32.7%, and contents of moisture, portein, lipid, carbohydrate and ash were 83.1%, 10.7%, 2.4%, 1.0% and 2.9%, respetively. The cockle shell by-product was homogenized with addition of water and hydrolyzed at 50℃ for 8 hours added 4% Protease N.P.(3.14ㆍ10⁴U/g). The hydrolysate was thermally treated at 100℃ for 60 minutes with 4% invert sugar and 20% table salt was finally added to the product. The chemical compositon of moisture, carbohydrate, ash, salinity, total nitrogen and amino type nitrogen of fermented sauce from cockle shell by-product were 65.4%, 3.9%, 20.8%, 18.9%, 1,683 mg% and 1,426 mg%, respectively. The major nucleotides and their relative compounds in the product were AMP and hypoxanthine and their contents were 3.36μ mole/g and 1.95μ mole/g. And major free amino acid were glutamic acid, lysine, leucine, valine and aspatic acid.

쇄골 중간부 골절후 불유합 및 지연 유합의 원인

윤정로,심재익,김택선,이성종,김영배,김학준,안국환,장재영,홍명표 대한골절학회 2002 대한골절학회지 Vol.15 No.4

쇄골 중간 1/3 부위의 골절은 치료 결과가 양호하여 보존적 치료가 원칙적으로 받아 들어지고 잇으며 불유합에 대한 빈도도 낮은 것으로 되어 있다. 그러나 최근 전위 및 단축의 정도가 심할 경우 높은 불유합의 결과와 불량한 임상 결과를 보고하고 있어 이런 예에 대해선 수술적 치료를 권장하고 있다. 저자들은 단축 및 전위의 정도와 불유합의 연관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 대상 및 방법 : 1993년 2월부터 2002년 1월까지 본원에 내원 했던 성인 중간부 쇄골 골절 환자 194명 중 완전 전위를 보인 78례를 조사하여 이중 63례를 대상으로 분석하여 후 향적 연구를 시행하였다. 4개월 추시 후에도 방사성 사진상 유합 소견이 관찰되지 않으면 불유합의 유의성을 알아보고자 하였다. 결 과 : 63례 중 불유합 및 지연 유합을 소견을 보인 환자는 15(23%)례였다. 골유합을 보인 48례의 단축은 평균 8.6㎜(2㎜-17㎜)였고, 전위는 평균 9.7㎜(2-22㎜)였다 .불유합 및 지연 유합을 보였던 15례에서 단축은 평균 14.5㎜(3㎜-37㎜), 전위는 평균 17.3㎜(4-25㎜)였다. 18㎜이상 단축이 있었던 경우 불유합의 발생과는 통계학적으로 유의성을 나타내었고(Fisher's exact test, p<0.01), Chi-square test상 16㎜ 이상의 전위를 보였던 경우 불유합 발생과 통계학적으로 의미가 있었다(p<0.01). 결 론 : 쇄골 골절 특히 중간 1/3의 골절은 비교적 보존적 치료에 결과가 좋은 것으로 되어 있으나, 전위 및 단축이 심한 경우 불유합에 대한 가능성이 높이 때문에 보다 경과 관찰시 유합의 진행이 없으면 적극적인 치료를 고려해야한다. Purpose : Because the prognosis of the mid 1.3 clavicle fracture is good, the conservative treatment with a figure of 8 bandage is the gold standard and the nonunions are rare. However, recently surgical treatment is recommended when the shortening and displacement is severe because of the high nonunion rate and the poor clinical result. This study was undertaken to evaluate that the shortening and displacement at fracture site are associated with the development of nonunion. Materials and Methods : We analysed the 194 fractures of mid 1/3 clavicle in adults which had been treated conservatively from February 1993 to January 2002 and did the retrospective study. Of these, 78 cases were originally in the middle third of the clavicle and had been completely displaced. We reviewed 63 of these cases. The shortening and displacement at the fracture site was measured on the initial roentgenogram. And the analysis of the patients' chart was done for another predisposing nonunion factors. Nonunion and delayed union are considered to be present when there has been little or no progression of clinical or radiographic healing at a minimum of 4 months after injury. Results : 15 of the 63 cases had developed nonunion.. The average 8.6㎜(2㎜-17㎜) shortening and average 9.7㎜(2-22㎜) in the union patients. The average 14.5㎜(3㎜-37㎜) shortening and average 17.3㎜(4-25㎜) in the nonunion patients. We found that initial shortening ≥18㎜(Fisher's exact test, p<0.01) and initial displacement ≥ 16㎜(Chi-square test. p<0.01)at the fracture site were significantly associated with the development of nonunion. Conclusion : The conservative treatment with figure-80-bandage is the gold standard in the clavicle middle one third fracture. However, the nonunion is commonly occurs in the cases of more of severely shortened and displaced fractures. If there are no signs of callus formation and the patient complains of pain after several week, osteosynthesis should be considered.

초임계유체에 용해된 염료의 폴리에스터 섬유에 대한 염착

민정명,박민우,전정호,최백선,배효광 한국화학공학회 2004 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.42 No.2

반유통형의 초임계유체 염색장치를 사용하여 333.2K, 373.2K, 413.2K의 일정온도와 150bar-300bar의 압력에서 이산화탄소에 분산염료를 용해하여 폴리에스터 직물을 염색하고 염색시간에 따른 염착량을 측정하였다. 같은 방법으로 HFC-134a를 사용하여 383.2K와 413.2K의 일정온도와 50bar-160bar의 압력에서 염료를 용해하여 염색을 실시하고 염색시간에 대한 염착량을 측정하였다. 염착랑에 대한 초임계유체의 온도와 압력의 영향이 검토되었다. 이산화탄소와 HFC-134a의 초임계 용매를 비교하기 위하여 두 용매에 대한 염료의 용해도와 평형염착량의 관계를 검토하였다. 동일한 온도에서 HFC-134a를 초임계유체로 사용할 때보다 이산화탄소를 사용하는 것이 큰 평형염착량을 나타내었다. HFC-134a에 대한 염료의 용해도는 이산화탄소보다 훨씬 크지만 직물을 염색하는 초임계용매는 이산화탄소가 더 유리하였다. The uptake of disperse dye into polyester fiber in supercritical carbon dioxide was measured in the pressure range between 150 bar and 300 bar at each temperature of 333.3K, 373.2K and 413.2K, and the uptake in supercritical HFC-134a was measured in the pressure range between 50 bar and 160 bar at each temperature of 383.2K, 413.2K, using a flow-type apparatus with a cylindrical dyeing vessel. The effect of dye uptake in supercritical fluids on temperature and pressure was investigated. The dye uptake at constant pressure was much increased with temperature than it did with the pressure at constant temperature. The equilibrium uptakes of disperse dye in supercritical carbon dioxide were compared with those in the supercritical HFC-134a. The equilibrium uptakes in the supercritical carbon dioxide were much great than those in the HFC-134a at the same temperature. The supercritical carbon dioxide is better supercritical media than the HFC-134a, even though dye in the supercritical HFC-134a is much solved than in the supercritical carbon dioxide.