An Anatomy of South Korea's "Total Crisis" in the Spring of 1990

Lee, Kyoung Eun,Rhie, June Hyoung the Center for International Studies, Inha Univers 1990 Pacific Focus Vol.5 No.2

Most students of Korean affairs would hardly disprove that South Korea's spring of 1990 was characterized as the season of a ''total crisis.'' This terIn was coined by an econoInic lninister at the late March cabinet lneeting, shortly after the cabinet reshuffle on March 18, in order to delineate the then situation into which South Korea was believed to be graduaIly but unwittingly plunging. The terln won overwhehning popularity, alInost in the twinkling of an eye, arnong the Korean politicians and journalists. For instance, even Young-sam Kim (hereafter YS Khn) encouraged the mernbers of the ruling Democratic Liberal Party (hereanter DLP) to help the nation escape the total crisis, even though in a later presidential address, President Tae-woo Roh lightly declined to ternl the situation as a crisis. The term''total crisis,'' despite its alnbiguity and obscurity, con- tinued to retain the status of being the subject of conversation until the historic n1eeting of Roh and Mikhail Gorbachev in early June. In other words, Roh's monlentous meeting with Gorbachev in San Francisco surprisingly evaporated the total crisis, at least apparently hronl the Korean political scene, particularly ftom the voices of politicians and from the tips of journalists'fingers. An ordinary citizen must accept such ephemerality of the crisis even if he was lefL bewildered by its genesis and abscondence. The lnysterious denlection of crisis in the beginning of June only left nlore mysteries and conlplication than satisfaction behind to the naviet6 of the ordinary citizens. So a National Assemblyrnan hrom the Peace Democratic Party (hereafter PDP), the largest opposition party in South Korea, made a cynical renlark concerning such ephemeral crisis in his speech at the late- June Nationa1 Assemlbly interpellation session that the total crisis was a ''total fraud,'' to which no ready reply was appropriately given either by YS Kim or by that econonlic minister. Many questions are allowed to spring fron, but few answers are available for, such ''queer'' transiency of crisis in the current Korean political scene. First, was the situation referred to by the economic minsiter a real crisis at al1? If it had been a real one, how could the Korean governlnent and people have extricated theInseIves ffonl such a mysterious way, perhaps just as we recover from a mild cold by ourselves? `Vhy did not econonhc n1inister and others agree to char- acterize that situation as a total crisis with what sort of facts and data, anyway? VVere they avant-gardes who are able to foresee what the ordinary citizens fail to do? Had the ordinary people agreed to this, or to a lesser degree, had they been weII infornled and thereby weI1 persuaded of the graveness of the situation as much as the eco- nomic minister and other hnportant political nigures perceived the situation? Or, was the characterization of the situation a real hoax or fraud? VVhat was the aim if it had been a po1itically manipulated deception? `Vhy was the opposition's insight was so slow if it were a hoax devised by the ruling power? To answer these questions we rnay need Inany facts and data nlore than we can collect. But even if we could, these facts and data are Ineaningful only within an appropriate frarnework or Inodel of crisis. Hence we will here dea1 wdth a lnodel of a crisis first and then examine the characterization based on that n1odel, with particular attention to political, economic and socio-cultural developments in current Korea.

게이트 심근 SPECT를 이용한 좌심실의 국소탄성률 평가방법 개발 및 재현성 평가

이병일,이동수,이재성,강원준,정준기,이명철,최흥국 대한핵의학회 2003 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.37 No.6

목적: 게이트 심근 SPECT 영상에서 국소부피변화를 얻으면, 요골동맥 긴장도를 측정하여 얻은 중심 동맥의 압력 곡선으로부터 최대탄성률을 얻을 수 있다. 이 연구에서는 좌심실의 국소탄성률을 평가하기 위한 방법을 개발하고 국소탄성률 측정의 재현성을 평가하였다. 대상 및 방법: 게이트 Tc-99m MIBI 심근 관류 SPECT를 두 번 연속으로 시행한 환자 7명(남:여=5:2, 58±11.9세)을 대상으로 하였다. 국소적 부피변화를 측정하기 위하여 개발한 CSA(Cardiac SPECT Analyzer) 소프트웨어를 이용하여 좌심실의 부피변화를 측정하였으며, 시간-압력 곡선과 국소 시간-부피 곡선을 이용하여 반복연산을 통하여 구한 국소 시간-탄성율 곡선에서 국소탄성률을 얻었다. 같은 SPECT 영상에 대해서 두 번 측정한 국소탄성률의 재현성과, 같은 환자에서 연속하여 두 번 얻은 SPECT 영상에 대해서 측정한 국소탄성률의 재현성을 평가하였다. 결과: 평균 국소탄성률은 15분할모델에서 3.36±3.38 mmHg/mL이었으며, 7분할모델과 5분할모델에서 각각 3.16±2.25 mmHg/mL, 3.11±2.57 mmHg/mL이었다. 국소탄성률의 조화평균은 전체탄성률과 일치하였다. 동일한 데이터에서 두 번 측정한 국소탄성률 값의 상관계수는 모든 모델에서 0.97이상이었고, Bland Altman 도표에서 차이의 2-표준편차는 각각 1.5%, 1.0%, 0.9%였다. 동일 환자에서 두 번 연속 촬영한 SPECT 데이터로부터 측정한 국소탄성률의 상관계수는 모든 모델에서 0.95이상이었으며, Bland Altman 도표에서 차이의 2-표준편차는 각각 2.2%, 1.0%, 1.2%였다. 결론: 게이트 심근 SPECT를 이용한 좌심실의 국소탄성률을 측정하였으며 재현성 있는 결과를 얻었다. 심근 SPECT를 이용하여 얻은 국소탄성률의 평가방법은 향후 임상적인 데이터를 바탕으로 새로운 심기능 분석지표로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. Purpose: Regional contractility can be calculated using the regional volume change of left ventricle measured by gated myocardial SPECT image and curve of central artery pressure obtained from radial artery pressure data. In this study, a program to obtain the regional contractility was developed, and reproducibility of regional contractility measurement was assessed. Materials and Methods: Seven patients )male:female=5:2, 58±11.9 years) with coronary artery diseases underwent gated Tc-99m MIBI myocardial SPECT twice without delay between two scans. Regional volume change of left ventricle was estimated using CSA (Cardiac SPECT Analyzer) software developed in this study. Regional contractility was iteratively estimated from the time-elastance curve obtained using the time-pressure curve and regional time-volume curve. Reproducibility of regional contractility measurement assessed by comparing the contractility values measured twice from the same SPECT data and by comparing those measured from the pair of SPECT data obtained from a same patient. Results: Measured regional contractility was 3.36±3.38 mmHg/mL using 15-segment model, 3.16±2.25 mmHg/mL using 7-segment model, and 3.11±2.57 mmHg/mL using 5-segment model. The harmonic average of regional contractility value was almost identical to the global contractility. Correlation coefficient of regional contractility values measured twice from the same data was greater than 0.97 for all models, and two standard deviations of contractility difference on Bland Altman plot were 1.5%, 1.0%, and 0.9% for 15-, 7-, and 5-segment models, respectively. Correlation coefficient of regional contractility values measured from the pair of SPECT data obtained from a same patient was greater than 0.95 for all models, and two standard deviations on Bland Altman plot were 2.2%, 1.0%, and 1.2%. Conclusion: Regional contractility of left ventricle measured using developed software in this study was reproducible. Regional contractility of left ventricle will be a new useful index for myocardial function after analysis of the clinical data.

H₂^(15)O PET을 이용한 뇌혈류 파라메트릭 영상 구성을 위한 알고리즘 비교

이재성,이동수,박광석,정준기,이명철 대한핵의학회 2003 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.37 No.5

목적: H_(2)^(15)O PET의 정량화를 위하여 1-조직 구획모델이 쓰이며, 뇌혈류와 조직/혈액 분배계수를 구하기 위하여 nonlinear least squares (NLS) 방법이 사용되나 계산 시간이 긴 등의 문제로 파라미터를 각 화소마다 구해야 하는 파라메트릭 영상 구성에는 적합하지 않다. 이 연구에서는 이와 같은 NLS 문제점을 극복하여 파라메트릭 영상을 빠르게 구성하기 위하여 제안된 파라미터 추정 알고리즘들을 구현하고, 이 방법들의 통계적 신뢰도와 계산의 효율성을 비교하였다. 대상 및 방법: 이 연구에서 이용한 방법들은 linear least squares (LLS), linear weighted least squares(LWLS), linear generalized least squares (GLS), linear generalized weighted least squares (GWKS), weighted integration (WI), 그리고 model-based clustering method (CAKS)이다. 노이즈 정도에 따른 각 파라메트릭 영상법의 정확성 및 통계적 신뢰성을 알아보기 위하여 Zubal 뇌모형(brain phantom)으로부터 동적 PET 영상을 모사하고 포아송노이즈를 더한 후 각 파라메트릭 영상 구성 방법을 적용하였다. 또한 정상인 16명에 대하여 얻은 실제 자료에 대하여 이 방법들을 적용하고 결과를 비교하였다. 결과: 뇌혈류와 분배계수에 대한 평균 오차는 방법에 따라 크게 다르지 않았으며 모든 방법이 뇌혈류 및 분배계수 추정에 있어 무시할 만한 바이어스를 보였다. 파라메트릭 영상의 정성적 특성 또한 유사하였으나 CAKS 방법의 계산 속도가 월등하여 NLS 방법의 약 1/500, LLS 방법의 약 1/25의 계산시간을 보였다. 결론: 뇌혈류 파라메트릭 영상 구성을 위한 빠른 파라미터 추정 알고리즘들 중에 보다 개선되어 제아노딘 LWS, GLS, GLWS, CAKS 방법들이 단순하고 빠른 LLS, WI 방법들에 비하여 통계적 신뢰성을 크게 향상시키지는 못하나 CAKS 방법은 계산 시간을 유의하게 단축시키므로 가장 적합한 파라메트릭 영상 구성방법이라 할 수 있을 것이다. Purpose: To obtain regional blood flow and tissue-blood partition coefficient with time-activity curves from H_(2)^(15)O PET, fitting of some parameters in the Kety model is conventionally accomplished by nonlinear least squares (NLS) analysis. However, NLS requires considerable compuation time then is impractical for pixel-by-pixel analysis to generate parametric images of these parameters. In this study, we investigated several fast parameter estimation methods for the parametric image generation and compared their statistical reliability and computational efficiency. Materials and Methods: These methods included linear least squres(LSS), linear weighted least squares (LWLS), linear generalized least squares (GLS), linear generalized weighted least squares (GWLS), weighted integration (WI), and model-based clustering method (CAKS). H_(2)^(15)O dynamic brain PET with Poisson noise component was simulated using numerical Zubal brain phantom. Error and bias in the estimation of rCBF and partition coefficient, and computation time in various noise environments was estimated and compared, In addition, parametric images from H_(2)^(15)O dynamic brain PET data performed on 16 healthy volunteers under various physiological conditions was compared to examine the utility of these methods for real human data. Results: These fast algorithms produced parametric images with similar image quality and statistical reliability. When CAKS and LLS methods were used combinedly, computation tine was significantly reduced and less than 30 seconds for 128×128×46 images on Pentium III processor. Conclusion: Parametric images of rCBF and partition coefficient with good statistical properties can be generated with short computation time which is acceptable in clinical situation.

한국의 태안반도에서 CH₄의 지역적 배경농도에 관한 연구 : 1990 ∼ 1992 년 자료를 중심으로

이근준,정용승 한국교원대학교 환경과학연구소 1994 환경연구논문집 Vol.- No.2

Since November 1990, the observations of methane (CH₄) level have been carried out at Tae-ahn Peninsula (TAP) in Korea. Analysis on atmospheric data obtained in the period from November 1990 to August 1992 is carried out and the results are included in this study. We note that CH₄ does not have a clear seasonal cycle with a minor maximum in August-September and with a minimum in June-July. The variations in monthly average level are much larger with 1765.01∼1857.21 ppb (amplitude 92.20 ppb). The occurrence of a minimum in June-July is due to the inflow of the North Pacific air, an increase of OH radical and due to a decrease in CH₄ emission from rice paddy. A maximum in August and September appears to result from an increase in organic materials in agriculture (rice paddy) and forests, inputs of local sources due to weak airflows, stagnation of the warm and moist air and from a decrease in OH radical. The present analysis indicates that according to CH₄ data from Mongolia and from several sites in North Pacific TAP is influenced as much as 31 ppb in average from the inputs of Chinese emission. When the atmospheric CH₄of TAP is compared with data observed at Korea National University of Education (KNU), the values of KNU are higher (127 ppb) than those of TAP. It is clear that air samples taken at KNU are influenced strongly by local sources in central Korea than those at TAP. According to analysis of trajectories and airflows, we find that there are 4 types in classification. Firstly, when an air flow is originated mainly in China values of CH₄ gas are in medium ranges. Secondly, when an airflow is from both local(Korea) and China we find higher values. Thirdly, with an airflow from both local (Korea) and Japan origins medium values are recorded. Fourthly, when an airflow of maritime origin arrives low values of atmospheric CH₄are observed at TAP.

온실에서 동양란인 심비디움 재배에 공생균의 효과에 관한 연구

이상선,이준기,이정우,박소영,백기엽 충북대학교 첨단원예기술개발연구센터 2000 연구보고서 Vol.5 No.-

The orchid symbiotic fungus (Tulsanella repens P-01; OSF) was cultured on the soil materials by solid culture and inoculated in the two varieties of GwanUm and SaGae of Cymbidium hybrids with the barks. The two varieties of the oriental orchid were measured after 12 months' cultivation under the conditions of greenhouse; fresh weight, numbers of bulb, and rate of dead bulb for an individual plant. The fresh weight of plants were measured to be different for the individual plant. The fresh weight of plants were measured to be different for the individual plants treated with the OSF or not, depending on the varieties, but the rates of dead bulb were significant, disregarding with the varieties. The roots of the plants treated were observed to be more health and heavier weight than those not treated. The bulbs of the plants not treated were measured to be dead at the rate of 20% for a year's cultivation. The roots of two varieties were also observed by naked eyes and by microscope; Several peletons were observed to be in the root cells in the individual plants treated with OSF, but not in the individual plants treated without the OSF. Further, the pathogenic fungal hyphae were observed to be in the roots under the dead bulbs of both varieties not treated; appessorium or hasutorium on the epidermal cells of root. The inoculation of OSF was speculated to stimulate the growth of plants by absorption of mineral nutrition and defense the invasions of soil pathogenic fungi for the cultivations of Cymbidium hybrids.

만성 B형 간염 환자의 급성 악화 후 발생한 피부 결절 다발동맥염과 류마티스관절염

이주현,김민,이준성,장선희,윤보영,이윤우 인제대학교 2009 仁濟醫學 Vol.30 No.-

Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa(CPAN) is a rare vascular disorder that affects small and medium-sized arteries in the reticular dermis and subcutaneous tissue. It has been described as a distinct clinical entity with benign and a chronic prolonged course without systemic involvement. Hepatitis B virus-related polyarteritis nodosa (HBV-related PAN) is typical form of classic PAN. Its pathogenesis is not well known, but considered an immune complex-mediated disease. The patients with HBV-related PAN often present with malignant hypertension, orchitis, and vascular nephropathy. But, HBV-related CPAN has been rarely reported. Rheumatoid vasculitis is a complication of rheumatoid arthritis that can be lead to variety of clinically significant skin and systemic conditions, It has been reported before or at the time of rheumatoid arthritis diagnosis but is usually seen an average of 10 to 14 years after arthritis onset. The histological features of cutaneous vasculitis in rheumatoid arthritis overlapped both the characteristics of cutaneous necrotizing venulitis and cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa. But polyarteritis nodosa-like rheumatoid vasculitis has rarely been reported. We report a case of rheumatoid arthritis and cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa in a chronic hepatitis B with acute exacerbation.

노년기 우울성 가성치매 환자군에서의 뇌 단일광자방출 전산화 단층촬영 소견

이동우,이명철,정준기,이동수,곽철은,이재성,조경형,조맹제 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.6

연구 목적 : 우울성 가성치매 환자군의 Tc-HMPAO SPECT영상 소견을 정상 대조군, 인지기능장애가 없는 우울증 환자군 및 알쯔하이머형 치매 환자군과 비교함으로써 노년기 우울성 가성치매의 병태생리의 일부를 알아 보았다. 연구 방법: 9명의 알쯔하이머형 치매 환자군, 7명의 인지기능장애가 없는 우울증 환자군, 7명의 우울성 가성치매 환자군, 4명의 정상대조군을 대상으로 하였다. 우울증 환자군은 DSM-III-R의 우울증의 진단 기준에 의해 진단되었고, 알쯔하이머형 치매 환자군은 DSM-III-R의 진단기준과 NINCDS-ADRDA의 알쯔하이머형 치매의 진단 기준에 의해 진단되었다. 모든 대상자가 해밀턴 우울증 척도 및 MMSE-K에 의해 평가되었다. 모든 대상자에 대해 99m-HMPAO SPECT를 시행하였고, 각 대상군의 영상을 Friston의 통계적 매개변수 지도 방법을 이용, 매 복셀(voxel) 단위로 비교분석하였다. 결과 : 결과는 아래와 같다. 1) 알쯔하이머형 치매 환자군은 대조군에 비해 우측 전두엽, 우측 측두엽, 양측 두정엽에서 유의한 혈류감소 소견을 보였다.(p<0.05). 2) 우울증 환자군은 대조군에 비해 좌측 전두엽에서 유의한 혈류감소 소견을 보였다.(p<0.05). 3) 우울성 가성치매 환자군은 대조군에 비해 우측 측두엽과 좌측 두정엽에서 유의한 혈류감소 소견을 보였다.(p<0.05). 4) 우울성 가성치매 환자군은 우울증 환자군에 비해 우측 측두엽과 양측 두정엽에서 유의한 혈류감소 소견을 보였다.(p<0.05). 결론 : 우울성 가성치매 환자군은 측두-두정엽의 혈류감소 소견을 보였고, 이는 알쯔하이머형 치매와 유사한 소견이었다. 이러한 결과는 우울성 가성치매가 초기의 원발성 치매 환자군을 포함한다는 가설을 지지해준다. 0bjects : Through comparison of the Tc-HMPAO SPECT image ofdepressive pseudo-dementia group with those of control group(depression group free from cognitive impairment)and DAT(Dementia of Alzheimer's type). we tried to see part of pathophysiology of she depressive pseudodementia of the elderly. Methods : The subjects consisted of 9 patients with dementia of Alzheimer type(DAT group),7 patients with depression free from cognitive impairment(depression group),7 patients with depressive pseudodementia(depressive pseudodementia group), and 4 normal controls. De-pression patients were diagnosed according to DSM 111-R DAT patients were diagnosed by DSM 111-R and N1NCDS-ADRDA criteria of DAT. All were rated with Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and Mini Mental State Exam. All underwent 99m-HMPAO SPECT scan. The images of each group were analysed using SPM of Friston, which compares the images on voxel-by-voxel basis. Results : The results were as follows : 1) DAT group showed significant decrease in cerebral blood flow (CBF) compared with controls in the right frontal region, the right temporal region, and both temporal regions(p<0.05). 2) Depression group showed significant decrease in CBF in the left frontal region(p<0.05). 3) Depressive pseudodementia group showed significant decrease in CBF compared with controls in the right temporal region and the left parietal region(p <0.05). 4) Depressive pseudodementia group showed significant decrease in CBF compared with depression group in the right temporal region and both parietal regions(p<0.05). Conclusion : Depressive pseudodementia group showed decreased CBF in temporo-parietal region, similar to that of the DAT group. This result supports the hypothesis that depressive psuedodementia includes a subgroup of patients with early-stage primary dementia.

게이트 심근 SPECT 분석 소프트웨어의 개발과 좌심실 수축 기능 평가

이병일,이동수,이재성,정준기,이명철,최흥국 대한핵의학회 2003 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.37 No.2

목적 : 게이트 심근 SPECT 영상 데이터에서 좌심실을 분할하고 단위영상 각각의 심실부피를 계산하는 소프트웨어를 개발하였다. 개발한 소프트웨어에서 얻은 구혈률을 상용 소프트웨어QGS (Quantitative Gated SPECT)에서 산출한 값과 비교하여 검증하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 게이트 심근 SPECT를 시행하여 구혈률 15%-80%, 확장기말 부피는 46 mL-293 mL, 수축기말 부피는 8 mL-250 mL인 40명의 영상데이터를 사용하여 이 연구에서 개발한 CSA (Cardiac SPECT Analyzer)로 구혈률과 부피를 산출하여 QGS로 얻은 결과와 비교하였다. 같은 영상을 CSA로 두 번 분석하여 구혈률과 부피가 같은 값이 나오는지 보고, 26명의 환자에서 같은 자리에서 두 번 이어서 얻은 게이트 SPECT 영상을 CSA로 분석하여 편차를 조사하였다. 결과 : CSA 측정과 QGS측정의 상관성은 상관계수가 구혈률, 확장기만 부피, 수축기말 부피 각각 0.97, 0.92, 0.96이었고 Bland Altman 도표에 치우침 없이 2표준편차가 구혈률의 경우 10.1%이었다. 같은 영상에 대한 CSA 2회 측정 결과의 상관은 0.96, 0.99, 0.99 이었고 구혈률의 2표준편차는 3.4%이었다. 두 번 연속 촬영한 영상으로 CSA 분석한 결과 상관계수는 0.89, 0.97, 0.98, 이었고 변이계수는 8.2%, 5.4mL, 8.5mL, Bland Altman 도표 2표준편차는 구혈률의 경우 10.6%이었다. 결론: 게이트 심근 SPECT에서 얻은 영상으로 구혈률을 측정할 수 있는 소프트웨어를 개발하였다. 이 소프트웨어로 얻은 구혈률, 확장기말 부피, 수축기말 부피는 정확하며 정밀하였다. 구혈률의 2표준편차는 10.6%이었다. Objectives : A new software (cardiac SPECT Analyzer CSA) was developed for quantification of volumes and ejection fraction on gated myocardial SPECT. Volumes and ejection fraction by CSA were validated by comparing with those quantified by Quantitative Gated SPECT (QGS) software. Materials and Methods: Gated myocardial SPECT was performed in 40 patients with ejection fraction from 15% to 85%. In 26 patients, gated myocardial SPECT was acquired again with the patients in situ. A cylinder model was used to eliminate noise semi-automatically and profile data was extracted using Gaussian fitting after smoothing. The boundary points of endo- and epicardium were found using an iterative learning algorithm. Enddiastolic (EDV) and endsystolic volumes (ESV) and ejection fraction (EF) were calculated. These values were compared with those calculated by QGS and the same gated SPECT data was repeatedly quantified by CSA and variation of the values on sequential measurements of the same patients on the repeated acquisition. Results: From the 40 patient data, EF, EDV and ESV by CSA were correlated with those by QGS with the correlation coefficients of 0.97, 0.92, 0.96. Two standard deviation (SD) of EF on Bland Altman plot was 10.1%. Repeated measurements of EF, EDV, and ESV by CSA were correlated with each other with the coefficients of 0.96, 0.99, and 0.99 for EF, EDV and ESV respectively. On repeated acquisition, reproducibility was also excellent with correlation coefficients of 0.89, 0.97, 0.98, and coefficient of variation of 8.2%, 5.4mL, 8.5mL and 2SD of 10.6%, 21.2mL, and 16.4mL on Bland Altman plot for EF, EDV and ESV. Conclusion: We developed the software of CSA for quantification of volumes and ejection fraction on gated myocardial SPECT. Volumes and ejection fraction quantified using this software was found valid for its correctness and precision.

측두엽 간질에서 F-18-FDG PET에 나타난 측두엽 내외측 부위별 대사의 차이

이명철,이동수,정준기,김현집,송호천,이상건,여정석 대한핵의학회 1999 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.33 No.1

Purpose: We investigated the difference of glucose metabolism of medial and lateral temporal lobes of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) utilizing quantitative comparison of regional metabolic activities using asymmetric index. Materials and Methods: We studied 19 pathologically proven mesial TLE and 25 lateral TLE patients. Lateral TLE patients were either normal on magnetic resonance imaging (cryptogenic: n=14) or had structural lesions (lesional: n=11). Asymmetric index (ASI) was calculated as [(ipsilateral-contralateral)/(ipsilateral+ contralateral)]×200. Results: ASI of medial and lateral lobes of mesial TLE was decreased (-16.4±8.3 and -12.7±5.5, respectively). In cryptogenic lateral TLE, ASI of lateral temporal lobe was decreased (-11.8±4.7), whereas that of medial temporal lobe was not decreased (-4.6±6.3). ASI of medial lobe of lesional lateral TLE was -7.3±9.1, which was significantly different from that of mesial TLE (p<0.05). Patients with lesional lateral TLE had evident metabolic d or decrease (ASI: -22±10.5) in lateral temporal lobe. While we could not find the difference of metabolic activity in lateral temporal lobes between cryptogenic lateral TLE and mesial TLE patients, the difference of metabolic activity was significant in medial temporal lobes which was revealed by ASI quantitation. Conclusion: Asymmetric decrease of metabolic activity in both medial and lateral temporal lobes indicates medial temporal epilepsy. Symmetry of metabolic activity in medial temporal lobe combined with asymmetry of that in lateral temporal lobe may give hints that the epileptogenic zone is lateral.

홍요추 이행부 골절에 대한 임상적 연구

이준규,이호석 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1993 충남의대잡지 Vol.20 No.2

We have treated 38 cases of the injuries of the Thoracolumbar spine (T11 to L2) by short segment pedicular screw fixation using C-D instrumentation during the period from May. 1989 to June, 1993. The results were obtained as follows. 1. The Correction after short segment fixation was satisfying as follows : Ant. wedging angle, 11.3 degrees. Local Kyphosis angle, 11.1 degrees. Ant. vertebral height, 31.7%. Post. vertebral height, 6.6%. 2. The maintaing of correction appeared to be satistying as well, correction loss was follows : Ant. wedging angle, 2.2 degrees. Local kyphosis angle, 1.7 degreees. Ant. vertebral height, 6.2%. Post. vertebral height, 1.8%. 3. The short segment fixation with CD instrumentation was effective in correction, its maintance and no neurologic deterioration