급성하벽심근경색에서 전흉부유도 ST절 하강의 의의

정병천,배호상,곽동훈,김영태,배용학,황종현,임현주,류재근,조용근,채성철,전재은,박의현 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1997 慶北醫大誌 Vol.38 No.2

목적 : 급성하벽심근경색증 환자에서 심전도상 흔히 동반되는 전흉부유도 ST절 하강의 의의를 알아보았다. 방법 : 심근경색후 24시간에서 48시간에 얻은 심전도를 기준으로 52명의 급성하벽심근경색증 환자를 전흉부유도에서 ST절의 하강이 있는 군과 없는 군으로 나누었으며 심도자, 관상동맥조영술, 심초음파도 및 방사성 핵종을 이용한 좌심구혈율 측정 등을 시행하였다. 결과 : 1) 좌심실확장기말압은 전흉부유도에서 ST절의 하강이 있는 경우에서 16.9±5.33mmHg로 없는 경우의 11.0±4.02mmHg보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 그러나 운동량 및 좌심구혈을은 흥부 유도상 ST절의 하강이 있는 경우 7.6±3.0 METs 및 53.9±9.1%로 없는 경우의 9.1±2.7 METs 및 54.6±9.5%보다 낮았으나 통계적 유의성은 없었다(p=0.180, p=0.823). 2) 관상동맥조영술상 전흉부 ST절의 하강이 동반된 군에서는 유의한 좌전하행지나 좌회선지의 협착이 있는 경우가 60.9% 및 57.9%로 ST절의 하강이 없는 군에서의 34.5% 및 7.7%와 비교해 좌관상동맥에 협착이 동반된 경우가 많았다(p=0.050, p=0.001). 3) 관상동맥조영술상 세 혈관질환의 빈도는 흉부유도상 ST절의 하강을 보인 23예에서 10예로 ST절 하강이 없었던 29예중 2예에 비하여 유의하게 많았고(P=0.007), 단 혈관질환의 빈도는 ST절의 하강을 보인 군에서 23예중 5예로 ST절 하강이 없었던 29예중 17예에 비하여 유의하게 적었다(P=0.002). 두 혈관질환의 경우에는 각각 8예와 10예로 양군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 4) 흉부유도상 ST절 하강의 빈도는 단 혈관질환 22예 중 5예에서, 두 혈관질환 18예중 8예, 세 혈관질환 12예 중 10예에서 관찰되어 협착이 있는 관상동맥의 수가 많을수록 ST절의 하강이 나타나는 빈도가 많음을 보였다(p=0.00308). 그러나 흉부유도상 나타난 ST절의 하강을 모두 합하여 구한 ST절 하강의 합은 협착이 있는 관상동맥의 수와 통계적인 유의성이 없었다. 5) 심초음파도상 좌심실 하벽의 벽운동은 ST절 하강을 보인 군에서는 akinesia가 83.3%, hypokinesia가 11.1%, 정상 벽운동이 5.6%로, ST절 하강이 없었던 군에서의 dyskinesia가 3.6%, akinesia가 39.3%, hypokinesia가 25.0%, 정상 벽운동이 32.1%와 비교하여 ST절의 하강이 있는 군에서 유의하게 벽운동의 장애가 빈번함을 보였다(p=0.03891). 그러나 좌심실전벽, 측벽 및 중격부위에서는 유의한 벽운동의 차이가 없었다. 결론 : 급성하벽심근경색증 환자의 전흉부유도에서 ST절의 하강이 동반되는 경우 다혈관 질환의 가능성이 높으며 좌심실확장기말압이 상승되었고 운동능력은 감소되어 있었다. 또한 심초음파도상 좌심실하벽의 벽운동장애도 심하였다. 따라서 전흉부 ST절의 하강을 동반한 급성하벽심근경색증 환자는 전흉부유도에 ST절 하강이 없는 경우보다 예후가 불량할 것으로 생각되며, 보다 적극적인 치료가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. The purpose of this study was to determine the significance of precordial ST segment depression appearing during acute inferior myocardial infarction and to assess the correlation of that with angiographic finding. 52 patients were allocated into two groups based on the existence of precordial ST segment depression : 23 patients with ST segment depression and 29 patients without ST segment depression. The extent of coronary artery disease as well as the prevalence of significant stenosis (≥70%) in left anterior descending artery were more frequent in patients showing precordial ST segment depression than in patients not showing them (p=0.050) and the result were similar in cases of left circumplex artery (p=0.001). On echocrdiographic examination of left ventricular (LV) wall motion, it showed more severely decreased inferior LV wall motion in patients showing precordial ST segment depression than in patients not showing them (p=0.03891) even though the other segment of LV wall motion didn't show the statistical difference between both groups. The other cardiac parameters such as LVEDP, exercise amount (METs) and ejection fraction were tend to showing bad profile in patients with precordial ST segment depression. From the above results, we could deduce that patients with precordial ST segment depression have relatively large infarction or concomitant left coronary artery disease, so they need more caution and intensive theraphy.

수준별 수영 참여자의 동기유형 분석

배병석,정재은,육동원,김지수,김민현 한국스포츠리서치 2005 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.16 No.2

The purpose of this study was to examine motivation type of swimmers by competency level. A total of 262 swimmers were composed of 111 beginners, 58 inter-mediates and 93 advancers participated in the study. For the study, duration of participation, frequency of participation and the level of sport performance of participants were set as the independent variable, while motivation type was the dependent variable. The study used analysis methods such as frequency analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA between the independent and dependent variables. A significant difference was found after conducting an analysis on the difference in motivation type by duration of participation. The analysis on the difference in motivation type by frequency of participation showed that a group that swam three to five times per week recorded higher marks in terms of physical condition and social life factors than that swam two to three times per week. The analysis on the difference in the motivation type by level of sport performance of participants showed a significant difference in development of skills, enjoyment, achievement, physical condition. social life. external ostentation and amotivation factors.

글라스 아이오노머 수복재의 불소 유리 및 재흡수 양상

배익현,김재문,정태성,김신 大韓小兒齒科學會 2005 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.32 No.1

이차 우식은 수복 실패의 주된 원인 중 하나로 지목되고 있으며, 이로 인해 빈번히 재수복을 하게 된다. 이차 우식은 항우식 작용이 있는 불소를 함유한 수복물을 사용하여 예방될 수 있다. 구강내에서 불소를 유리하는 것으로 알려진 글라스 아이오노머 수복재는 불소를 장기간 유리할 뿐 아니라 불소의 재충전 및 재유리 능력이 있어 불소의 저장소 역할을 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 통상의 글라스 아이오노머와 고점도 글라스 아이오노머 및 복합 레진을 대상으로 불소의 유리 양상과 불소도포를 통한 재흡수 후 유리 양상을 알아봄으로써 기존의 수복재와 새로운 수복재간의 임상적 유용성을 평가할 목적으로 시행하였다. 4종의 수복재를 대상으로 불소 유리량 및 2% NaF로 재충전 후 불소 유리량을 각각 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 실험 대상의 모든 글라스 아이오노머 수복재는 초기에 다량의 불소를 유리하고 이후 점차 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 2. 2% NaF 용액을 통한 재충전 후의 유리량은 Fuji IX, Ketac Fil, Ketac Molar, Z-100의 순으로 나타났다. 3. Fuji IX을 제외한 모든 실험 대상의 수복재에서 수분의 영향으로 표면 경도는 유의하게 감소하였고 불소 재충전 후 유리량은 수분 흡수와 비례하였다(P<0.05). 4. Fuji IX이 초기 유리량에 비해 재충전 후 더 많은 불소를 유리였다(P<0.05). The replacement of dental restorations due to secondary caries is a continuing problem in restorative dentistry. The secondary caries can be partly prevented by using fluoride containing dental materials such as glass ionomer cement, which releases and be recharged with fluoride ion acting as a fluoride reservoir. For the purpose of investigating the behaviors of fluoride release and recharge of conventional and high viscosity glass ionomer cements, the experiment was performed on the seven specimens each from 4 kinds of materials; 1 kind of conventional glass ionomer cement, 2 kinds of high viscosity glass ionomer cements and 1 kind of composite resin. The amount of fluoride release was measured over 7 days with pH/ion meter and fluoride specific electrode. After measuring daily fluoride release, the specimens were recharged with 2% NaF solutions for 4 minutes and measured for 3 days with recharging repeated two consecutive times. The results were as follows : 1. Significantly more fluoride was released at first day after recharge in all materials except Z-100. 2. High viscosity glass ionomer cements released more or nearly equal amount of fluoride after recharge compared with the initial release(P<0.05). 3. The fluoride release after recharge with 2% NaF solution was in order of Fuji IX, Ketac Fil, Ketac Molar, Z-100.

격자변형 분석법에 의한 성인 두부방사선 규격 사진학적 계측

배세복,성재현 慶北大學校 齒科大學 1990 慶北齒大論文集 Vol.7 No.1

The Moorrees mesh is a valuable diagnostic adjunct in evaluation dentofacial deformity. The purposes of this study intended to calculate the cephalometric norms of Korean adults by the mesh diagram analysis. Lateral cephalograms were obtained from 41 males and 36 females. Results of this study were obtained as follows 1. Norms of Korean adult male and female were calculated. 2. The size of upper face in male was larger than that of female. 3. Linear measurements of each landmarks in male were larger than those of female, but there were no significant sexual difference in proportionate measurements. 4. In the stability of reference line, FH line and natural head position were more stable than SN line. There was no significant difference between FH line and natural head position, but natural head position was slightly more stable than FH plane. 5. As upper facial height increased, LFH/UFH ratio was decreased. J. Kyungpook Univ. Sch. Dent. Vol. 7, No. 1,99∼110, 1990

가령에 따른 백서 악관절 원판의 형태 및 미세구조적 변화

배용철,성재현,경희문,서혜경 대한치과교정학회 1994 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.24 No.2

백서에 있어서 가령에 따라 악관절 원판에 가하여지는 기계적 부하의 변화에 따른 악관절 원판의 형태, 탄성섬유 및 세포의 미세구조의 적응등의 변화양상을 관찰하기 위하여, 생후 1일, 7일, 17일, 27일, 55일, 1년 이상군의 백서의 악관절 부위를 적출하여 광학 및 전자현미경으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 악관절 원판의 형태는 1일 및 7일군에서는 중앙부의 얇은 부위가 전후방으로 상당히 길게 뻗쳐 있고 전부 및 후부의 최대 풍융부를 향한 경사가 완만하여 하악와 및 하악과두에 적합되지 않는 양상을 보였으나, 17일군부터는 전부 및 후부가 하악와쪽으로 풍융해짐과 동시에 중앙부의 얇은 부위가 전후방으로 좁아지고 전부 및 후부의 최대 풍융부를 향한 경사가 급하여져, 악관절 원판이 하악과두를 감싸는 형태를 취하여 하악와 및 하악과두에 적합되어 가는 양상을 보였다. 가령에 따라 세포밀도는 점점 감소하였으며, 1일 및7일군에서는 세포내 골지장치, 과립성 내형질망, 유리 리보솜 등의 세포질 및 세포간 기질을 활발하게 합성하는 세포 소기관들이 발달 되어 있었으나 세포질내 세사는 발달되어 있지 않았다. 17일, 27일 및 55일에서는 기질합성에 관여하는 세포 소기관의 발달과 아울러 손가락 모양의 세포돌기, 용해소체, 사립체등의 세포간 기질의 개조에 관여하는 세포 소기관이 발달된 세포가 다수 관찰되었으며, 가령에 따라서 세포질내 세사가 점점 축적되어지는 양상을 보였고, 섬유성 물질에 둘러 싸인 chondroid cell들이 증가하였다. 1년이상군에서는 대부분이 세포가 chondroid cell로 구성되어 있었으며 세포질내의 대부분을 세사가 차지하고 세포내 소기관이 거의 발달되지 않는 등 대사 활동이 미약하며 주로 기계적 부하에 적응하기 위한 구조로 이루어져 있었으며 때로는 변성과정에 있는 세포도 다소 관찰되었다. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in the shape and ultrastructrue of the articular disc of the rat mandibular joint with aging. Mechanical stress applied to the articular disc changes during neonatal, suckling, juvenile, adult and senile stages. Mandibular joints of 6 groups of rats (1-,7-,17-,27-,55-day and over-1-year groups) were removed en bloc and processed for light and electro microscopic study. The changes in the shape of articular disc were examined by light microscope in each group. Structural and ultrastructural changes in the articular disc were examined by light and electron microscope in each group. The results were as follows: In the 1-day and 7-day groups, the articular disc was long and slender in shape and the articular disc was not fitted with the shape of the mandibular fossa and condyle. However, after that time, the anterior and posterior portions of the articular disc were more bulged and the middle portion was shorter and biconcave. Thus the articuler disc was well fitted with the shape of the mandibular fossa and condyle. The cell density decreased wth aging. In the 1-day and 7-day groups, the Golgi apparatus, rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosome, which are involved in the synthesis of intracellular and extracellular matrix. were developed. In the 17-day, 27-day and 55-day groups, not only the cell organelles involved in the synthesis of the intracellular and exracellular matrix but also the cell organelles involved in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix(i.e., finger-like cell process, lysosome and mitochondria) were well developed. With advancing age, intracytoplasmic microfilaments were more accumulated and condroid cells increased. In the over-1-year group, the majority of cells of the articular disc were chondroid cells. The majority of cytoplasmic compartment were filled with intracytoplasmic microfilaments and cell organelles were not developed. Therefore, metabolic activites of the cell was markedly reduced and cells contained structures enduring mechanical stress, and cells which were in the process of degeneration were observed occasionally.

경추골 성숙지표와 하악골 성장

배진희,박효상,성재현 대한치과교정학회 1997 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.27 No.3

하악골의 성장은 골격적 요인이 동반된 III급 부정교합자의 치료의 결과, 예후에 중대한 영향을 미칠 수 있으며, 특히 성장기 환자의 경우 성장의 조절을 통하여 효과적인 치료를 기할 수 있으므로 개개인의 성장양상을 평가하기 위한 여러 방법들에 관하여 선학들의 많은 연구가 있어왔다. 본 연구에서는 하악골 성장예측의 지표로 경추골 성숙도를 이용한 골령평가법이 유용한 지를 알아보기 위해 1972년 Lamparski에 의해 제안된 표준 경추골 성숙단계를 이용하여 정상교합자 남자 18명, 여자 14명의 8.5세세서 18.5세까지 매 2년 간격으로 촬영한 측모두부방사선 규격사진 192매에 나타난 경추골 성숙도와 하악골 및 신장의 성장간의 관련성을 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 8.5세에서 14.5세까지는 동일한 연령군에서 여자가 남자보다 높은 경추골 성숙단계를 나타내었다. 2. 동일한 경추골 성숙단계에 도달하는 평균연령은 일반적으로 여자가 남자보다 이른 나이를 보였다. 3. 일반적으로 경추골 성숙단계 3-4단계간에 하악골 및 신장의 최대성장이 일어났다. 4. 경추골 성숙도와 하악골의 성장간에는 일정한 관련성이 있어 경추골 성숙도를 하악골 성장예측의 지표로 사용하는 것이 가능할 것으로 생각된다. In order to investigate the possibility of using a cervical vertebral maturation indicator as a mandibular growth indicator, the relationship of cervical vertebral maturation and mandibular & body height growth changes was assessed in biennial serial lateral cephalometric raadiographs of eighteen korean male and fourteen korean female while they were 8.5 to 18.5 years old. The following results were obtained. 1. It was a reliable method to evaluate skeletal maturation by using cervical vertebrae. 2. In general, cervical vertebral maturation stages of females were higher than those of males at the same age and there were significant differences in statistics at the age of 10.5, 14.5. 3. The age of a female at the same cervical vertebral maturation stage were earlier than that of a male. 4. In the case of males, significant Ar-Gn increases were found between stage 3 and 4,5; Ar-Co increases between stage 4 and 5. 5. In the case of females, significant S-Gn and Ar-Gn increases were found between stage 3 and 4. 6. Significant body height increases were found between stage 3 and 4 in both sexes. 7. The peak velocity of body height and mandibular length was observed between cervical vertebral maturation stage 3 and 4 in both sexes. 8. The relationship between mandibular & body height changes and specific maturation state of cervical vertebra was found, therefore using a cervical vertebral maturation indicator as mandibular growth indicator is quite within realms of possibility.

이동 애드 혹 네트워크에서의 환경적응형 QoS AODV 라우팅 프로토콜에 관한 연구

裵振勝,宋東勳,吳世德,鄭燦赫,金玄郁,李光培,文泰洙,郭承郁,河載承 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 2004 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.23 No.-

In this paper, we propose a bidirectional mobile Ad Hoc routing protocol based on AODV(ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing) with QoS(quality of service) support. At presence, wireless mobile communication focuses on how to efficiently support mobility of users more than QoS guarantee. However, in order to satisfy requirement of various applications which have been or will be served, QoS guarantee between end points is a very important issue. The existing AODV routing protocol is implemented to use only BE (Best Effort) service. However, actual wireless mobile environment requires to reduce a waste of communication resources and meet with the real-time change of data paths by setting up routes with QoS support, considering available communication resources at each node in advance. Therefore, in this thesis, we propose an adaptive QoS support method using hello message in order to rapidly meet with the change of available communication resources and to smoothly perform route maintenance. For performance evaluation, we analyzed the average data reception rate. At that time, we used evaluation parameters such as node's mobility-stop time, hello message period, and packet priority, considering the node's mobility and the number of best effort/QoS data flows. As results, we found that with our proposed method the average data reception rate was increased 16.293%, 15.914%, 17.238% for 300 mobility-stop second case and 4.809%, 4.264%, 2.956% for 300 mobility-stop second case.

남자대학생들의 피부관리실태와 관련요인 조사연구

배향선,남철현,김성우,최연희,강영숙,김선혜,구재희 慶山大學校 保健福祉硏究所 2003 保健福祉硏究 Vol.8 No.-

This study was conducted to examine aspects of skin care of male students at colleges and universities of male students at colleges and universities and its related factors in order to provide informations on skin care for men. The subjects of this study was 600 men who were students at colleges and universities in Daegu City and Kyungbuk Province. Data were collected from May 1, 2002 to June 30, 2002. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. 1. According to the respondents' socio-demographic characteristics, 55.9% of them was 20 to 24 years old and 29.6% was more than 25 years old. 84.9% of them was university students, while 15.1% was college students. 25.3% belonged to the lower class, while 22.4% belonged to the upper class. 52.7% did not have a girl friend, while 47.3% has a girl friend. 41.8% lived in big cities and 48.1% lived in small and medium cities. 2. 63.0% of the respondents replied that they were in good health, while 8.8% of them were in bad health. 41.9% of them was concerned about face and body skin care, while 14.1% was not concerned about it. Among most serious skin problems, the proportion of acne was highest (44.5%). 3. Among the persons who advised the respondents when they selected cosmetics, the proportion of selecting cosmetics as their own will was highest (44.7%). 25.3% of them selected it by recommendation of female family members and 18.3% selected it by recommendation of the girl friend. In the case of selecting it as their own will, the older they were, the higher the proportion was. In the case of having the girl friend, the proportion of selecting cosmetics by recommendation of the girl friend was higher than that of selecting it by recommendation of female family members. 4. 90.4% of the respondents replied that they never visited skin care rooms, while only 9.6% of them replied that they ever visited them. In the case of visiting skin care rooms, the proportion of the upper class was higher than that of the lower class. 5. According to the frequency of visiting skin care rooms, the proportion of once a week was highest (51.0%). 29.4% of them visited them once per 6 months and 19.6% visited them once a month. 6. In the case of the reasons they did not visit the skin care rooms, the proportion of 'no interest' was highest (36.6%). 23.2% did not visit them because they thought the fee for skin care was expensive and 19.5% did not visit them because they thought the skin care room were only for women. 7. In the variables of giving advice concerning skin care, the proportion of 'their own' was highest (29.8%). The proportion of female family members was 28.2% and the proportion of the girl friend was 27.7%. In the case of the age related to having the girl friend's advice, the proportion of 'over 25 years old' was 31.9% and the proportion of '20 years old to 24 years old' was 26.4%. The proportion of 'less than 19 years old' was 23.5%. The older they were, the more they had the girl friend's advice. 8. According to the sources of getting information on skin care, the proportion of mass media (TV, Radio etc.) was highest (36.7%). 26.0% of them obtained them through the girl friend and 13.9% obtained them through female family members. Only 8.4% got them through magazines. 9. The factors influencing the experience of visiting skin care rooms were experience of side effect of foundation cosmetics, concern about skin care, expiration date of cosmetics or checking of directions of using cosmetics, donsideration of skin character when using soap, and regular exercise for health. From above results, it can be concluded that skin care and beauty specialists working in beauty academies or the department of cosmotology at colleges or universities must make efforts to change the negative recognition of male skin care through deep and comprehensive research. It is also necessary to develop systematic education course and institutionalize the qualification management system.

경량건축 자재에 관한 연구 : 화산분출물-Fly ash-수재계의 기포콘크리트에 관하여 On manufacturing cellular concretes with volcanoc ejects-fly ash-granulated slag systems

배원태,신현택,장재욱,박종옥 국립 경상대학교 공과대학 부설 첨단소재연구소 1993 尖端素材 Vol.3 No.-

이 연구는 화산 분출물(스코리아 또는 송지암)-Fly ash- 슬래그 시멘트계의 경량콘크리트에 관한 실험실적인 연구이다. 발포제로서 Al분말을 사용하였고, 고압수열 양생조건은 185℃-13hrs.이다. 이 연구에서 경화체의 성질은 부피비중, 겉보기 밀도, 겉보기 비중, 흡수율, 압축강도, 꺽임강도, 열전도율, 미세조직 관찰 및 생성물을 구명하였다. 최고 압축강도를 갖는 기포콘크리트는 41kg/㎠이었고 그배합비는 화산분출물(scolia) : 플라이 애쉬 : 슬래그 시멘트 : 석고 =15 : 5 : 79 : 1이었다. 미세구조관찰에서 크고 작은 풀입상의 결정을 보여주었다. 이때의 강도중진에 기여하는 β-C₂S, CSH 와 11Å tobermorite 이었다. This paper deals with the experimental investigation for manufacturing the lightweight building materials with volcanic ejecta -fly ash-portland slag cement. Alumina powder was added an aerating agent. Autoclaving condition was 185℃-13hr. These properties studied by means of bulk density, apparent density, apparent porosity, water absorption, compressive strength, modulus of rupture, thermal conductivity, S.E.M. and X-ray diffraction analysis. The cellular concrete with maximum compressive strength, 41Kg/㎠, was obtained by volcanic ejecta(scolia)-fly ash -portland slag cement : gypsum-15 : 5 : 79 : 1. The shape of specimens showed small of large size thin long grassleafs. In this case of autoclave curing, hydration product were β-C₂S, CSH and and 11Å tobermorite, which were considered to the increase of strength.

백서 하악골의 기능적 전방위가 악관절 원판에 미치는 영향

배용철,경희문,장병천,성재현 대한치과교정학회 1994 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.24 No.4

This study was conducted to examine the changes in the shape of the Sprague-Dawley rats' articular disk following postural hyperpropulsion by observing their articular specimens through light and electronic microscopes after following 2-week and 4-week postural hyperpropulsion from their four weeks of age. The findings of this study are summarized as follow. It was shown that as compared with the control group, the experimental group indicated a significant increase in thickness of the 2-week groups' anterior and posterior portion of the articular disc. The experimental group showed statistically more significant increase in thickness of the 4-week groups' anterior portion of the articular disc than the control group. Light micrograph showed that the experimental group had more fibroblast in the anterior portion of the 2-week and 4-week groups than the comparing group. The 2-week groups showed in the findings through the electronic microscope that there were found the well developed and dilated RER which see-ms to actively synthesize the extracellular matrix including collagen, the cells with the well developed RER without distention which seems to actively synthesize the intracellular microfilaments due to the well developed free ribosome, and the typical chondroid cells. In addition, there was more fibroblast cell with the distended and well developed RER in the anterior area of the experimental group than that of the control group while fibroblast with the well developed RER and free ribosome was quite abundat. Based on the above result of this study, it was shown that the functional hyperpropulsion of the mandible causes the changes in the nature of the mechanical load to the certain portion of the articular disk. As a result, it seems that there may be occurred some changes in morphology of the disc by adaptation or confrontation with these changes at the cellular level.