Examining Generalizability of Kang's (1999) Model of Structural Relationship between ESL Learning Strategy Use and Language Proficiency

Kang, Sung-Woo 한국영어어문교육학회 2001 영어어문교육 Vol.7 No.2

The present study examined whether Kang's (1999) model of the relationships among language learning strategy use and language proficiency for the Asian students could e applied to a more heterogeneous group. In Kang's study, he collected information of language learning strategies of 957 foreign students learning English as a second language in American colleges through a questionnaire. He also measured the subjects' language proficiency with the Institutional Testing Program TOEFL(Test of English as a Foreign Language). This study analyzed the same data with out the limitation of cultural identity. Structural equation modeling was used to model the relationships among strategy use and language proficiency, Then, the model of the present study was descriptively compared with Kang's (1999) model for the Asian students. The overall flow of the relationship paths appeared to vary very little across the two models, which would have indicated that the generalizability of Kang's (1999) model could be extended more than originally examined. (156)

Nurses' management of older patients with post-anesthesia delirium: A Q methodology approach

Kang,Minyeong(Minyeong Kang),Kim,Eun Young(Eun Young Kim),Chang,Sung Ok(Sung Ok Chang) 한국노인간호학회 2022 노인간호학회지 Vol.24 No.4

Purpose: This is an analysis of the experiences of nurses in Post Anesthesia Care Units (PACUs) in caring for older patients with emergence delirium using the Q-methodology. Methods: The Q-methodology, which is used to explore and understand human subjectivity, was applied. Thirty nurses who had experiences in providing nursing for delirium in older patients after surgery in a PACU participated in this study. Results: This study revealed three factors regarding the frame of reference of PACU nurses in detecting and managing older patients' emergence delirium: “detect the deviant changes leading to instability”, “focus on the patient’s degree of cognitive recovery within the framework of recovery time”, and “awareness of possible clues based on the patient’s underlying disease(s)”. Conclusion: These findings are expected to be utilized as a basis for more practical and accessible PACU nurse delirium education that reflects nurses’ subjective viewpoints explained by the three identified factors.

9ㆍ11 테러와 김정일 정권의 생존 전망

강성학 고려대학교一民국제관계연구원 2002 국제관계연구 Vol.6 No.1

It is commonly mentioned that everything has changed since the events of September 1, 2001. Evidently some things have changed; others have been reinforced; and others have become visible though previously had went unrecognized. America's war against terrorism will certainly have an impact on many states. North Korea has been one of the states on the list of terrorist states. Then we must raise the question, "Will the DPRK survive, say, by the year 2020?" The Kim's regime could be, like any other state's political regime, threatened to be overthrown, in theory, from "within" as well as from "without." Firstly, let me examine the possibility for Kim's regime to bo overthrown from within. Until now, there has been no known factor for us to speculate that there any noteworthy political opposition to Kim's regime within North Korea's borders. There has never been any report that may indicate even a symptom of rebellion against the leadership of the two Kims (i.e. Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il). In midst of the serious situation of nationwide starvation, there were many North Koreans who wanted to escape from North Korea at the risk of their lives. However, there were no people who dared to challenge Kim's leadership. Since he became the heir of Kim Il Sung in February 1974, Kim Jong Il consolidated his personal power basis throughout North Korea's governmental organizations and virtually ruled North Korea for the last almost three decades. Kim is a great pretender. Holding up the picket saying "Our way to Socialism" high, he pretends to be an infallible Philosopher-King who has perfect knowledge of the changing outside world and how to cope with it. But he is nothing but a violent tyrant. We know that the tyrant Stalin was not overthrown from within while he was alive, however terrible the tyrant might have been, not to mention Hitler(Unser Fuhrer), Mussolini(Il Duce) and Hirohito(Tenno Heika). Like his historical predecessors, "Supreme Leader Kim"(Dear Soo Ryong) in North Korea is not likely to be overthrown from within. Secondly, then, is there any possibility for Kim's regime to be overthrown from the outside? If Kim Jong Il is content in maintaining the status quo on the Korean Peninsula, it could be safely said that no outside powers including the United States have intentions to overthrow the Kim's regime in North Korea. Besides, China is and ally of a kind in that it would not let North Korea be unified by South Korea, as made clear by the massive military intervention during the Korean War to maintain North Korea as a separate political entity, most friendly to or at least not hostile to China. However Kim Jong Il continues to pursue a positive goal, an ambitious, revolutionary, revisionist, self-imposed historical mission to unify the whole Korean peninsula on his own terms by his own strategy, as his father Kim Il Sung did throughout his life time, though without success. In other words, Kim continues a revolutionary war against South Korea. For Kim, war is merely a continuation of politics by other means. Such a strategic mindset was handed down from Clausewitz to Lenin to Stalin and Mao to Kim Il Sung and finally to Kim Jong Il. Yet Kim Jong Il has also a distorted form of the Clausewitzean dictum. For Kim Jong Il, a hereditary prince, as for Machiavelli, "the arts of peace are those of non-violent war by fraud." For Kim, peace also is a mere continuation of war by other means. Kim Jong Il employed the strategy of mendicant brinkmanship to outside powers. They could not ignore Kim. North korea's internal disaster will explode over Northeast Asia. To prevent that, the U.S. must sustain the repugnant regime. Food and energy donations propped up the most repressive government in the world, because North Korea's missiles with nuclear, biological or chemical bombs can reach South Korea and Japan, two key U.S. allies. Kim's mendicant brinkmanship has been successful until now. U.S. strategy since the Cold War has focused on conventional regional war. The geographic scale of this war can be specified since it comes from the Korean peninsula. Within it, the U.S., together of course with South Korea, has prepared for conventional warfare in which nuclear, chemical, biological weapons, and ballistic missiles are not to be used. This plays to American strengths. No nation could stand up to the United States in such a war. But North Korea has been trying to overcome the U.S. psychological and military advantages. North Korea has been diversifying into nuclear, chemical and biological weapons. In Clausewitz's terminology, biological weapons move the center of gravity of the war from the front, where the U.S. has advantage, to the rear, the population centers, where the U.S. clearly does not. Germ weapons target innocent lives, not military force. It would be suicidal for North Korea to launch such an attack, but the possibility it might do so makes Washington thread more carefully, especially after the tragic incident of September 11, 2001. North Korea's hitting Seoul or Tokyo or both cities with anthrax bombs will be horrible. Therefore, North Korea may be treated more gingerly. There is no doubt that the inter-Korea summit meeting was an historic event. It is a timely intriguing question whether the inter-Korea summit meeting will be a historical turning point for Korea's national history of turn out to be nothing but deceptive pageantry carefully choreographed by Kim Jong Il. By now, most indications in the post-summit period suggest that hopes were raised too high and too prematurely. One thing is still clear; Kim Jong Il has no intention to change his exclusive policy, not to mention not giving in to external pressure to compromise. Kim Jong Il will continue to behave like a hedgehog toward the outside world, holding up the anachronistic icon of "Juche" high. As Aristophanes said, "You can not teach a crab to walk straight." Despite Hamish McRae's optimistic prediction that it is very hard for him to see anything other than unification of North and South by 2020, South Korea's sunshine will not be able to lighten Kim's kingdom of darkness as long as Kim Jong Il is alive, even by the year 2020. the inter-Korean relationship is ruled by a kind of unit-veto system. Like the weather, we can always talk about it, but no one can do anything about Kim's totalitarian regime in North Korea especially as long as China supports it. In short, my crystal ball is not clear, but at least I can say that the DPRK will not be overthrown from the outside, either. At the dawn of the twenty-first century, it would be better for us to remind ourselves of what English poet William Blake sang at the dawn of the nineteenth century: "You throw the sand against the wind, And the wind blows it back again."

全南地域 傳統磁器 活性化 方案에 關한 硏究

姜星坤,曺成南 호남대학교 1998 호남대학교 학술논문집 Vol.19 No.2

We all recognize that Korea has created its excellent cultures in the traditional porcelain with different characteristics in different eras of its long history. Especially, Chon-nam Province has formed one of the most important and superior ceramic cultures in Korea; and also it has played a significant role in tile distribution of its workshops and its history. Judging from the height-level Koryo Celadon Porcelain in Kang-jin which was created with mature ceramic-making techniques, Green Celadon Porcelain in Hae-nam which has been asked for some historical and academic researches lately again, Poonchong-Sagi in Mu-an, Ko-heung and other places around Mt. Mu-deung which represents the national pictorial sentiments, and Everyday Porcelain in Mok-po which still stands for the modern practicalceramic, it is absolutely true that Chon-nam Province is a warehouse of ceramic cultures in respects of its purity and tradition. So, we have to be proud of this brilliant property of the traditional cultures and the regional sentiments, and also all the people in Chon-nam Province must take the responsibility for conserving and developing them thoroughly in scientific ways by studying every respect of ceramic. Ceramic is difficult to be activized only by the traditional craftmen but we should take into account various measures such as improving: the work conditions, proper guidance for quality-development, back-up policies from the centraland local governments, promoting the social understanding on our ceramic, expanding its demand, and so on. Even though some of suggestions from the thesis, such as establishment of provincial procelain institute and educational facilities, programs for promotion and advertisement, connection between cultural festivals and tourist industry, and political supports, are not good enough to improve and activate our traditional china-ware in chon-nam province, we have to make efforts to carry out these plans because they will influence strongly on development of our province in the new era of localization, and on its qlobalization.

삼각형 모양에 의한 회절현상에 관한 연구

강성수,성덕용,육도진,홍성대,이원진 대구산업정보대학 2003 논문집 Vol.17 No.-

A review of diffraction phenomena for double slit and regularly triangular aperture has been done. First, as a width b and a space d of double slit vary, a diffraction pattern has been calculated by theory. Second, an intensity of diffraction light and separation between fringes for slit has been measured. And, we can expect that the calculated diffraction pattern for a regularly triangular aperture has three symmetric axes.

Cost Management of the K2 Main Battle Tank by Hyundai Rotem Company

Kang,Ho Shin,Na,In Sung,Jung,DongSuk 韓國防衛産業學會 2008 韓國防衛産業學會誌 Vol.15 No.1

현대의 전장상황은 네트워크전, 정보전, 로봇전, 우주전 등과 같이 고도로 정밀하고 복잡해짐과 동시에 장비 개발을 위해서 요구되는 비용은 기하급수적으로 급증하고 있는 추세이다. 그러므로 한정된 예산하에서 사업을 성공적으로 수행하기 위해서는 개발 초기부터 목표비용 설정 및 관리와 비용 절감 활동이 필수적으로 요구되고 있다.따라서 본 연구에서는 국방분야에서 추진하고 있는 비용관리 정책을 소개하고 K2 전차를 개발하면서 현대로템에서 적용한 목표비용 개념, 비용관리 절차 및 방법론을 제시하고 대표적인 비용절감 사례를 소개하고자 한다.

全北地方의 墳墓에 關한 硏究 (第1報)

姜聲然 全北大學校 1968 論文集 Vol.10 No.-

The purpose of these studeis is to investigate the general attitudes toward the tomb maintenance in Chonpuk through collecting questionaires. The following shows the result of this investigation. 1. Sung-Myo(visiting the family graves for the memory of the dead)is one of the beautiful traditional practices of the Koreans on certain festivals. It was found that the frequency of Sung-Myo is twice a year for the most Koreans. 2. The questionaires showed unanimous agreement about the necessity of a tomb site. 3. The tendency to favor cremation was found to correspond with the higher educational dackground and younger age, although interment was supported by majority of people interviewed. 4. In selecting tomb sites, those who are above sixty in age favored the so-called Myong-Dang(a sites elected from a Shaman viewpoint?), but family grave yards were generally approved. 5. The questionaires showed the greater proportion of the people regard five square Pyong to be an appropriate area for a tomb site. 6. The general opinion indicated that the tomb maintenance contributes to the maintenance of forestry.

Strategic Metamorphosis from Sisyphus to Chameleon? North Korean Security Policy and Military Strategy

( Sung Hack Kang ) 한국국방연구원 1995 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.7 No.1

National security is basically an ambiguous symbol. Like a chameleon, it has been determined by the supreme decision maker of a nation, depending upon the given spatial and temporal conditions. Nevertheless, national security has been conventionally understood to protect, preserve and defend the lives and properties of the people and their territory. To put it differently, it has meant military defense from the external military threat. But since the end of War II, its meaning has been extended beyond any material damage to include the protection of the vital values of a nation. Then, the protection of existing vital national values through the maintenance of the status quo is the first imperative for government policy, which can employ all kinds of means: political, economic, diplomatic, cultural, and military methods. Among those methods, the military one has been referred to as military strategy. The military strategy of most nations adopted a defensive attitude, namely deterrence to maintain the status quo, which is the first objective of their security policies. Historically, only the nations with revisionist and expansionist goals adopt an offensive military strategy. Such nations were many in history, but they have been rare during specific periods. North Korea has been one of these nations. With an expanded definition of security-the communization of the whole Korean peninsula-the Kim II Sung regime has tried to achieve this anti-status quo positive goal by means of military power, but has failed. For him, war is continuation of the revolution by other means. He can be said to have followed the principle of simplicity in military strategy by consistently pursuing communist unification. However, a chance for the unification of the Korean peninsula by means of a second surprise attack has not come. The continuous presence of American troops in South Korea has almost certainly assured North Korea of another defeat. However, Kim II Sung`s belief in and adherence to a revolutionary war dogma made him almost blind to the need for being faithful to the South-North dialogue. Kim II Sung has waited for a fortuitous opportunity to come. He believed that after the complete pullout of US troops from South Korea, the "center of gravity" of South Korea would return to Seoul and be limited there. He then would be able to gain a victory in his revolutionary war through an offensive strategy as the North Vietnamese did. He waited for the culminating point of offensive, holding the communist view that history was on his side. However, history has turned out to be not on his side. By the present moment, the Kim Jong-il regime has not yet presented the new security policy. It is not clear whether North Korea will abandon the ultimate goal it has continued to pursue during the past half a century, that is, the communization of the Korean peninsula, or will change its military from offensive to defensive strategy by adapting the deployment of its military forces. However, one thing is clear that it will never be easy for the North Korean regime to change radically its traditional military strategy. North Korea has pursued the goal of communist unification of the whole Korean peninsula by military forces like a Sisyphus. The glaringly increasing gap between its goal and its ceaseless efforts might lead one to apply Santayana`s definition of a fanatic, rather than the myth of Sisyphus, as one who redoubles his efforts as he moves further away from his goal. In any case, a Sisyphus cannot become a chameleon at will, because of the law of inertia also works in the political world.

Landscape Ecological Study on the Habitats of Three Thalictrum Plants and its Distribution

Kang,Shin-Ho,Ko,Sung-Chul 한국자원식물학회 2004 Plant Resources Vol.7 No.1

The purposes of this study were to clarify of floristic composition and the landscape structure on the habitats of three Thalictrum plants, which were distributed in Daejeon, Korea. Floristic composition of habitats was organized by living in flatten open space needed a lot of sunlight and humidity. Landscape ecological structure of habitats was defined by soils of loamy skeletal mesic, slope between 25 to 30˚ Vegetation rating was 75 percent of woody coverage at less than 450 m above the sea levels, respectively. Distribution patterns of Thalictrum plants in Daejeon were presented on the 1 km X 1 km grid map.

Flora of Mt. Woosanbong, Korea

Kang,Shin-Ho,Lee,Young-Sim,Ko,Sung-Chul 한국자원식물학회 2003 Plant Resources Vol.6 No.1

This study was performed to investigate the flora and plant resources of Mt. Woosanbong (537.8 m) from April to October 2002. The collected vascular plants were composed of all 389 taxa including cultivated species, and classified into 329 species, 2 subspecies, 53 varieties, and 5 forms of 248 genera under 81 families. Six taxa of the Korean endemic plants and 4 taxa of the rare and endangered plants were also distributed in this mount. Resource plants were categorized into edible 181, pasturing 160, medicinal 136, stainable 94, ornamental 77, timber 22, fiber 5 and industrial 4 taxa, respectively. Floristic geography of the investigated area was regarded as the boundary between middle and southern parts in floristic pattern of the Korean Peninsula.