혈액 투석 환자에서 중심정맥 협착에 대한 스텐트 삽입술 : Wallstent Placement

임대승,노상필,이유선,정승현,김보영,이정우,강정아,김정희,이민수,정준용,최시완,정진옥,성인환,이강욱,신영태 충남대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2002 충남의대잡지 Vol.29 No.1

Stenosis of central vein is a common complication arising after percutaneous subclavian vein catheter insertion performed for temporary vascular access in chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis. There are several treatment methods for the condition like percutaneous angioplasty(PTA), stent insertion, and surgery, but recent trend is toward PTA and stents. Among the patients diagnosed with chronic renal failure from March 1993 to May 2002 and undergoing hemodialysis through AV fistula, the 14 Patients in whom central vein stenosis arose were selected for the study. A total of 28 percutaneous interventions(5 PTA and 23 stent placement) were performed, and restenosis rate and the time taken till the restenosis in de novo lesions and instant lesions were compared. All 28 cases were operated successfully. The 14 cases that received both anigioplasty and stent placement initially. (de novo lesion : 14 cases), Among the 10 cases with de novo lesion that followed up more than 1 year, 3 cases are currently undergoing hemodialysis without restenosis, and the remaining 7 cases have recurred stenosis with the mean time to restenosis of 10.9 months. In the 7 cases in whom stenosis recurred, 11 interventions were done(instent lesion: 11 cases). 4 of these were using only ballon angioplasty with 100% restenosis rate and the mean time of 3 months until restenosis. The remaining 7 cases were using both balloon angioplasty and stent placement, also with 100% restenosis rate but with the mean time of 12 months until restenosis, which was later than the group receiving only balloon angioplasty. In treating the patients with central vein stenosis, stent placement seems to be more advantageous over PTA in terms of restenosis rate and the mean duration of patency. In the case of instent lesion, inserting the stent for the second time after stenosis recurred lengthened the duration of patency compared to performing balloon angioplasty alone.

전자상거래에 대한 부가가치세 과세정책 방안

정진현 한국경상학회, 한국국민경제학회 2004 경제연구 Vol.22 No.1

인터넷을 통한 전자상거래의 급속한 확산으로 경제패러다임의 변화가 발생하고 있다. 이에 부가가치세 관련 부문에서도 다양한 문제점들이 발생하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 OECD, EU 등 국제기구를 중심으로 한 현재까지의 논의들을 바탕으로 우리나라의 입장에서 본 부가가치세 규정 및 조세정책상의 방안들을 모색해 보았다. 부가가치세부문에서 디지털 상품으로서 컨텐츠에 대한 성격 규정, 공급장소 규정에 대한 수정, 규정의 변경에 따른 과세정책방안들을 모색해 보았다. 현재의 여건으로 볼 때의 B2C의 경우 단기적인 과세정책 방안으로 국외사업자 등록방안 채택시의 구체적인 방안들과 전자상거래의 규모 및 사업자의 급격한 증가추세를 감안할 시 장기적인 측면에서의 대금결재과정을 과세근거로 하는 금융기관 원천징수 방안을 구체적으로 모색해 보았다. 여기서 살펴본 방안들을 토대로 지속적인 전자상거래 관련 국제적인 방향들을 신속하게 확인하면서 흐름에 맞는 우리나라의 과세체계를 정립하기 위한 정책방안들을 지속적으로 모색해 나가야 할 것으로 본다. There is a significant trend toward the conduct of commerce over online services. The emergence of online commercial transactions for traditional goods and services will dramatically affect this market. Since mid 1990s. OECD. EU have played the leading role in the discussion on the impacts of electronic commerce on the international society and economy, Realignment of value-added taxation system on digital goods is one of the major topics on the OECD forum. Value-added taxation system also must change on electronic activities and commerce. Whether we levy a value-added tax on the every commerce indifferently is a very important thing. This is a n important problem by which the government is confronted. I studied on registration system of non-resident supplier and reverse charge system via financial institutions as the way of value-added taxation. We must keep on with our study on the value-added taxation with international bodies.

전자상거래에 대한 조세정책 방안에 관한 연구

정진현 국제무역학회 2003 국제무역연구 Vol.9 No.2

인터넷을 통한 전자상거래의 급속한 확산으로 경제패러다임의 변화가 발생하고 있다. 이에 조세관련 부문에서도 다양한 문제점들이 발생하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 OECD 등 국제기구를 중심으로 한 현재까지의 논의들을 바탕으로 우리나라의 입장에서 본 조세정책 방안들을 다양하게 모색해 보았다. 부가가치세부문에서는 디지털 상품으로서 컨텐츠에 대한 성격 규정, 공급장소규정에 대한 수정, 규정의 변경에 따른 과세방안들을, 소득세 부문에서는 고정사업장 개념 규정, 이전가격세제, 단일기업과세 방안, 파트너쉽제도 둥의 도입방안 들을 살펴보았다. 그리고 조세행정 부문에서는 신고납부제, 국외사업자 등록방안, 공급지 과세 및 양도 방안, 금융기관에 의한 원천징수 방안 등을 모색해 보았다. 여기서 살펴본 방안들을 토대로 지속적인 전자상거래 관련 국제적인 방향들을 신속하게 확인하면서 흐름에 맞는 우리나라의 과세체계를 정립하기 위한 정책방안들을 지속적으로 모색해 나가야 할 것으로 본다. There is a significant trend toward the conduct of commerce over online services. The emergence of online commercial transactions for traditional goods and services will dramatically affect this market. Since mid 1990s, OECD has played the leading role in the discussion on the impacts of electronic commerce on the international society and economy. Realignment of tax system and tax administration in the electronic commerce is one of the major topics on the OECD forum. Taxation system also must change on electronic activities and commerce. Whether we levy a tax on the every commerce is a very important thing. this is an important problem by which the government is confronted We must keep on with our study on the electronic commerce and taxation with international bodies.

수종의 상아질 접착시스템이 즉시 및 지연 상아질 봉쇄의 미세인장결합강도에 미치는 영향

하진희,김현철,허복,박정길 大韓齒科保存學會 2008 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.33 No.6

이 연구의 목적은 수종의 상아질 접착시스템이 즉시 및 지연 상아질 봉쇄에서 미세인장결합강도에 미치는 영향을 평가하는 것이었다. 18개의 발거된 대구치를 사용하여 지연 상아질 봉쇄그룹은 노출된 상아질면을 임시수복하였으며, 1주간 보관 후, 접착제에 따라 3개의 소그룹으로 나누어 도포하였다; SB 그룹 (3단계 산 부식 접착제), SE그룹 (2단계 자가 부식 접착제), XE그룹 (1단계 자가 부식 접착제). 즉시 상아질 봉쇄그룹은 3개의 소그룹으로 나누어 접착제를 도포하고 임시수복 후 1주간 보관하였다. 모든 시편은 간접 복합레진과 레진 시멘트로 합착하고 미세인장결합강도를 측정하여, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 즉시 상아질 봉쇄그룹은 지연 상아질 봉쇄그룹에 비해 3단계 산 부식과 2단계 자가 부식 접착제에서 높은 미세인장결합강도를 보였다 (p<0.05). 2. 즉시 및 지연 상아질 봉쇄그룹 모두 미세인장결합강도는 3단계 산 부식, 2단계 자가 부식, 1단계 자가 부식 접착제순으로 감소하였고, 즉시 상아질 봉쇄그룹에서는 1단계 자가 부식 접착제와 다른 소그룹간 유의한 차이가 있었으며 (p<0.05), 지연 상아질 봉쇄 그룹에서는 모든 소그룹간 유의 한 차이가 있었다 (p<0.05). 3. 파절 양상은 대부분 혼합성 파절을 보였으며, 1단계 자가 부식 접착제에서만 접착성 파절을 보였다. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of various dentin bonding systems on microtensile bond strength of immediate dentin sealing (IDS) and delayed dentin sealing (DDS). Eighteen extracted permanent molars were used in this study. The teeth for DDS group were restored with a provisional restorations, and immersed in saline solution for 1 week, and divided into 3 subgroups according to various dentin bonding adhesives; SB subgroup (3 step total-etch adhesive), SE subgroup (2 step self-etch adhe-give), XE subgroup (1 step self-etch adhesive), In IDS group, the teeth were divided into 3 subgroups, and applied with bonding adhesives as in DDS group. The teeth were restored with provisional restorations, and immersed in saline solution for 1 week. Indirect composite disc was cemented with resin cement, and all specimens were subjected to microtensile bond strength. The data were statistically analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Student t-test. The results were as follows: 1. The IDS group showed significantly higher ?TBS than DDS group in 3 step total-etch and 2 step Self-etch adhesive (p<0.05). 2. In IDS and DDS group, 3 step total-etch adhesive showed the highest ?TBS value, followed by 2 step self-etch, and 1 step self-etch adhesive, In IDS group, the ?TBS value for 1 step self-etch adhesive was significantly different from those of the other subgroups (p<0.05), and in DDS group, there were sta-tistical differences in all subgroup (p<0.05). 3. Failure modes of tested dentin bonding adhesives were mostly mixed failure and only 1 step self-etch adhesive showed adhesive failure.

Continuous wave of obturation technique에서 플러거의 다양한 적용 깊이에 따른 근단부 폐쇄효율 비교

이상진,박정길,허복,김현철 大韓齒科保存學會 2007 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.32 No.6

이 연구와 목적은 continuous wave of obturation technique으로 근관 충전을 할 때, 다양한 heat source plugger의 깊이에 따른 근단부 근관 폐쇄능력을 비교하는 것이었다. 직전 형태 발거 소구치를 #35/.06크기까지 니켈티타늄 파일을 사용하여 성형 및 세정하였다. 성형과 세정이 완료된 치아를 heat source plugger의 적용 깊이에 따라 15개씩 5군으로 분류하였다: 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm. 양성 대조군을 제외한 모든 근관은 E&Q plus (Meta Biomed Co., Chungju, Korea)를 사용하여 #35/.06 gutta-percha cone으로 충전하였다. 모든 치아의 근첨공 주변 1 mm를 제외하고 nail varnish를 도포하였고 음성 대조군은 근첨공을 포함하여 전체 면을 도포하였다. 모든 시편을 1% 메틸렌블루 용액에 72시간 동안 보관한 다음 치근첨으로부터 1, 2, 3 mm 높이에서 수평으로 절단하였다. 각 단면을 12.5 x 2.5배 현미경하에서 관찰하고 디지털 카메라로 촬영하였다. 염색제 누출 평가를 위해 five-degree scoring system을 사용하였다. 각 절단면에서의 점수를 모두 합하여 한 시편의 점수로 사용하고 통계학적 분석을 하였다. 이 실험 조건하에서, 3 - 7 mm 까지의 heat source plugger의 적용 깊이는 근단부 폐쇄에서 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 5 - 7 mm의 Buchanan's protocol을 포함한 3 - 7 mm를 모두 임상 적용에서 받아들여질 만하다고 보인다. The purpose of this study was to compare apical sealing ability of continuous wave canal filling technique according to various heat source plugging depths. Eighty one extracted human premolars with straight root were cleaned and shaped to size 35 using .06 taper rotaiy NiTi file. After cleansing and shaping, the teeth were divided into 5 groups following the heat source probing depths from the apex ; 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 mm. All specimens were filled using E&Q Plus with #35/.06 tapered gutta-percha cone. The positive control teeth were not filled. All teeth were coated with nail varnish except the apical 1 mm around the apical foramen. Negative control teeth were completely sealed include the apical foramen. All specimens were immersed in 1% methylene blue solution for 72 hours. Then the specimens were sectioned horizontally at 1, 2 and 3 mm from the root apex. Each sectioned surface was photographed using a digital camera attached to the stereomicroscope at 12.5 x 2.5 fold magnification. All points at 1, 2 and 3 mm were summed as final score of one specimen. Statistical analysis of the collected data was performed. Under the condition of this study, there was no significant difference between the heat source plugging depths of 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 mm in apical sealing ability. All of apical heat source plugging depth from 3 to 7 mm including Buchanan's protocol -from 5 to 7 mm- seems to be acceptable in clinical application.

한국증권시장의 효율성에 대한 연구 : 필터기법을 이용

김용현,정진호 한세대학교 1999 敎授論叢 Vol.15 No.-

백서의 실험적 치아이동시 connexin 43의 발현에 관한 연구

임정현,강경화,이종진,김은철,김상철 대한치과교정학회 2001 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.31 No.5

치아이동시 골세포간 활성 조화에서 세포간 교통의 중요성이 차츰 인식되고 있으며 세포간 교통을 위한 교통반의 존재가 확인되고 있다. 동물실험 모델에서 실험적 치아이동을 통해 조성된 압박 및 견인측 치주인대에서 교통반 단백의 일종인 connexin 43의 발현을 관찰함으로써 인접 연조직 및 골 조직 내에서 세포 신호 전달 양상의 한 부분을 파악하고자 하였다. Sprague-Dawley계 백서 27마리를 대조군(3마리)과 실험군(24마리)으로 나누었으며, 실험군은 견인력(75g)을 가한 후 12시간, 1일, 4일, 7일, 14일, 28일이 경과한 후 각각 4마리씩 희생시켜, connexin 43의 발현을 면역조직화학적으로 관찰한 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1.대조군에서의 connexin 43 발현은 치은, 상아질, 치주인대, 치수, 골세포에서 경미하였다. 2.교정적 치아이동에 반응하는 치수, 치주인대, 골모세포, 파골세포, 골세포부위에서 connexin 43의 발현이 많았으나 치은, 상아질, 상아모세포에서의 발현은 견인력 적용기간에 관계없이 대조군과 큰 차이가 없었다. 3.치수에서 connexin 43의 발현은 교정력을 가한 4일에서부터 증가하여 7일째까지 크게 증가한 후 14일째부터 감소되었으며 28일째에는 대조군과 차이가 없었다. 4.치주인대에서 connexin 43의 발현은 주로 혈관을 중심으로 치조골 면을 따라 압박측에서 주로 나타났는데 교정력을 가한 12시간에서부터 증가하여 4일에서 가장 많은 발현을 보인 후 7일부터 감소하기 시작하였다. 5.골모세포 및 골세포에서 발현은 실험 1일째부터 출현해 4일째에 가장 많은 발현을 보였고 7일 이후에는 크게 감소하였으며 파골세포에서의 발현은 골모세포와 골세포보다 실험 4일째에 더 많이 관찰할 수 있었다. Bone remodeling in response to force requires coordinated actions of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, and periodontal ligament cells. Coordination among these cells may be mediated, in part, by cell-to-cell communication via gap junctions. This study was designed to evaluate the expression of gap junction, connection 43 in periodontal tissue during the experimental movement of rat's incisors, by LSAB(labelled streptavidine biotin) immunohistochemical staining fort connexin 43. Twenty seven Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a control group(3 rats), and 6 experimental groups(24 rats) where 75g of force was applied from helical springs across the maxillary incisors. Rats of experimental groups were sacrificed at 12 hours, 1, 4, 7, 14 and 28 days after force application, respectively. And the tissues of a control group and experimental groups were studied immunohistochemically. The results were as follows : 1.In control group, the expression of connexin 43 was rare in gingiva, dentin, cementum, periodontal ligament and bone cells. 2.In experimental group, the expression of connexin 43 was increased in pulp, periodontal ligament, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts, comparing to that in control. And it was rare in gingiva, dentin, and odontoblasts regardless of the duration of force application, which was not different from that of control group. 3.The expression of connexin 43 in pulp of experimental group began to increase in 4-day after force application and got to the highest degree at 7-day. And it decreased after 14-day to be similar to that of control group at 28-day. 4.The expression of connexin 43 in periodontal ligament was noted in small capillaries adjacent to alveolar bone, showing higher intensity of immunolabelling after 4-day. And it was stronger in the pressure side than in tension side of periodontal ligament. After 7-day, decrease in connexin 43 expression was observed. 5.The expression of connexin 43 in alveolar bone began to increase 1-day, reached to the highest degree at 4-day, and decreased at 7-day. And the expression in osteoclasts was more than that in osteoblasts or osteocyte at 7-day.

고령 폐결핵환자(60세 이상)에서의 방사선학적 소견

박정희,진용현,임종남 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1999 건국의과학학술지 Vol.9 No.-

In this elderly patients, incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis is very high because of the decreased function of the body immune system and combined diseases. We analysed radiographic findings of 51 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis to compare with the typical findings of reactivation pulmonary tuberculosis in the adult over 60 years old. The typical location of reactivation pulmonary tuberculosis is the apicoposterior segment of the upper lobe and the superior segment of the lower lobe. But in elderly patients of our study, 38cases(76%) showed lesions also in atypical location such as the anterior segment of the upper lobe, the middle lobe, or the basal segments of the lower lobe. Also 36cases(72%) showed multilobar extents, 30cases(59%) showed unusual findings and 26cases(52%) showed multiple cavities and in 19 cases(38%), differential diagnosis with lung cancer was difficult. Especially in patients with diabetes mellitus, involvement of the anterior segment of the upper lobe was significantly high compared with the patients without DM.

효소 단백 가수분해물의 항균 활성

주정현,이상덕,이정옥,오만진,이기춘 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2002 농업과학연구 Vol.29 No.2

밀 단백질에 효소가수분해 할 때 생산되는 peptide의 항균활성과 천연항균제로서의 이용가능성을 검토하기 위하여 실험을 행하였다. 밀 단백질에 7종의 단백질가수분해효소를 작용시켜 생성된 가수분해물의 항균활성을 측정하고 한외여과, membrane filtration, HPLC를 이용하여 항균성peptide를 분리 정제한 후 분자량과 아미노산 결합 순서를 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 밀 단백질에 7종의 단백질 분해효소를 적용시켜 제조한 가수분해물중 Asp. saito protease를 적용시켜 얻어진 peptide 만이 항균활성을 나타내었다. Asp. saito protease는 37 ℃, pH 6.0에서 작용시킨 경우에 항균활성이 가장 높았으며, 50℃ 이상에서는 활성을 나타내지 않았다. 밀단백 효소가수분해물은 membrane filtration 에 의하여 분자량 1.000~3.000에서 항균활성이 나타났다. Membrane filtration으로 얻어진 항균활성분획을 HPLC로 분리한 결과 retention time 31.1~31.8 min에서 항균활성을 나타내었다. 밀단백 효소가수분해물은 121℃에서 15분간 가열하여도 효소활성이 유지되는 매우 안정한 화합물이었다. 항균활성분획을 MALDI-mass로 질량을 분석한 결과 1.633이었다. 항균성 peptide의 아미노산 결합순서는 cysteine, glycine, prolin, prolin, polin, valine, valine, alanine, alanine, arginine의 순서였다. This study was carried out to investigate whether peptide produced from wheat protein by enzyme hydrolysis can be used as a natural antimicrobial agent. Antimicrobial peptide was obtained form wheat protein by protease of 7 species. The produced antimicrobial peptide was purified through ultrafiltration membrane filtration and HPLC, and molecular weight and amino and sequence of the purified antimicrobial peptide were determined. Among hydrolysate produced from wheat protein by protease of 7 species, antimicrobial activity was observed for the peptide obtained from Asp. satio protease. The Asp. satio protease did production antimicrobial hydrolysate showing the highest antimicrobial activity at reaction condition of 37℃ and pH 6.0, but not at reaction condition above 50℃. Wheat protein hydrolysate was fractionated by membrane filtration and showed antimicrobial activity between molecular weight 1,000 - 3,000. The antimicrobial activity fraction obtained by membrane filtration was separated through HPLC and showed antimicrobial activity in the peak of retention time 31.1 - 31.8 min. Since after wheat protein protease hydrolysate was heated during 15 min at 121℃, antimicrobial activity was maintained we could be conviction as heat-stable peptide. Molecular weight of antimicrobial peptide identified by MALDI-mass was 1,633. Amino acid sequence of antimicrobial peptide was cysteine, glycine, prolin, prolin, prolin, valine, valine, alanine, alanine and arginine.

전유전체 서열 분석과 가시화를 위한 워크벤치 개발과 응용

최정현,진희정,김철민,장철훈,조환규 한국유전학회 2002 Genes & Genomics Vol.24 No.2

An increasing number of genome sequencing projects results in explosive growth of whole genome sequences. Furthermore the number of studies on the functions of individual genes has also been rapidly increased. However on-memory algorithms are not applicable to the analysis of whole genome sequences, since the size of individual whole gene a ranges from several million base pairs to hundreds billion base pairs. In order to effectively manipulate the huge sequence data, it is necessary to use the indexed data structure for external memory. In this paper, we introduce the development and application of the workbench for the analysis and visualization of whole genome sequences using string B-tree that is suitable for the analysis of huge data. This system consists of two main parts, the analysis query part and the visualization part. The query system supports various transactions such as pattern matching, k-occurrence, and k-mer analysis. The visualization system helps biologists to easily understand whole genome structure and specificity by various kinds of visualization such as whole genome sequence viewer, annotation viewer, CGR (Chaos Game Representation) viewer, k-mer viewer, RWP (Random Walk Plot) viewer, and map viewer. We can find the relationships among organisms, support gene prediction in a genome, and study the function of junk DNA using our workbench. In this paper, we apply our workbench to investigating specific sequence such as avoided sequence, common sequence, and classifiable sequence.