Selective Cannabinoid Receptor-1 Agonists Regulate Mast Cell Activation in an Oxazolone-Induced Atopic Dermatitis Model

( Gae Won Nam ),( Se Kyoo Jeong ),( Bu Man Park ),( Sin Hee Lee ),( Hyun Jong Kim ),( Seung Phil Hong ),( Beomjoon Kim ),( Bong Woo Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2016 Annals of Dermatology Vol.28 No.1

Background: Many inflammatory mediators, including various cytokines (e. g. interleukins and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]), inflammatory proteases, and histamine are released following mast cell activation. However, the endogenous modulators for mast cell activation and the underlying mechanism have yet to be elucidated. Endogenous cannabinoids such as palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide or AEA), were found in peripheral tissues and have been proposed to possess autacoid activity, implying that cannabinoids may downregulate mast cell activation and local inflammation. Objective: In order to investigate the effect of cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1R) agonists on mast cell activation, AEA-derived compounds were newly synthesized and evaluated for their effect on mast cell activation. Methods: The effects of selected compounds on FcεRI-induced histamine and β-hexosaminidase release were evaluated in a rat basophilic leukemia cell line (RBL-2H3). To further investigate the inhibitory effects of CB1R agonist in vivo, an oxazolone-induced atopic dermatitis mouse model was exploited. Results: We found that CB1R inhibited the release of inflammatory mediators without causing cytotoxicity in RBL-2H3 cells and that CB1R agonists markedly and dose-dependently suppressed mast cell proliferation indicating that CB1R plays an important role in modulating antigen-dependent immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated mast cell activation. We also found that topical application of CB1R agonists suppressed the recruitment of mast cells into the skin and reduced the level of blood histamine. Conclusion: Our results indicate that CB1R agonists downregulate mast cell activation and may be used for relieving inflammatory symptoms mediated by mast cell activation, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and contact dermatitis.

Cosmetics to help Skin Barrier Function

( Nam Gae Won ),( Kim Eun Joo ),( Jeong Choon Bok ) 한국피부장벽학회 2012 한국피부장벽학회지 Vol.14 No.1

Cosmetic products were developed formulation of various ingredients materials. Moisturizers are expected to increase skin hydration and to modify the physical and chemical nature of the surface to one that is smooth, soft, and pliable. Smoothing of the surface can be observed immediately after application of a moisturizer as a result of the filling of spaces between partially desquamated skin flakes, The measurement of hydration in the surface layer of the skin, stratum corneum (SC), gives important information on the biophysical properties and function of the skin barrier such as feeling soft and flexible and looks smooth and healthy. We found the effects of polyols, such as glycerol and butylenes glycol, were influenced directly the hydration increase rate in the SC previously. Most of polyols, glycerol was mainly influenced the hydration. The individual standard curve was obtained on response to glycerol concentrations. The converted glycerol concentrations of products were appeared repetitive and reproducibility. These results suggest that the hydration of the SC standardized regardless of external variation and individual skin condition can explain detailed skin state variation. As evaporation is one of the major physical changes by emulsion, evaporation patterns are especially interesting phenomenon in cosmetic science. In practical interest, evaporation occurs from complex liquid mixtures that applied on the skin and arouses structural and property changes. We developed 11 different parameters for analyzing evaporation of applied emulsion film. To utilize evaporation parameter for practical emulsion development, we tested o/w emulsions. Because conventional o/w emulsion has numerous components, we designed simple formulations for comparative analysis. The results show that different oil type affects evaporation patterns.

화장품 원료 중 폴리올, 오일 농도에 따른 피부 보습과 피부 표면 거칠기의 변화

남개원 ( Gae Won Nam ),김승훈 ( Seimg Hun Kim ),김은주 ( Eun Joo Kim ),김진한 ( Jin Han Kim ),채병근 ( Byung Guen Chae ),이해광 ( Hae Kwang Lee ),문성준 ( Seong Joon Moon ),강학희 ( Hak Hee Kang ),장이섭 ( Ih Seop Chang ) 대한화장품학회 2005 대한화장품학회지 Vol.31 No.4

이 연구의 목적은 폴리올류와 오일류 등 스킨케어 원료의 농도 변화에 따라 인체 피부의 보습력과 피부 표면의 거칠기가 어떻게 나타나는가를 살펴보는데 있다. 폴리올류와 오일류는 스킨케어 제품을 만드는 데 있어서 필수적인 원료이다. 그러나, 폴리올류와 오일류가 어느 농도 범위에서 인체 피부에서 객관적 효능 및 관능적 효능의 평가를 할 수 있는지 아직 연구되어 있지 않다. 이 연구에서는 비침습적 방법을 이용하여 화장품 회사에서 일반적으로 사용하는 여러 원료들을 이용하여 농도에 따른 효능을 비교 하고자 한다. 폴리올류는 글리세롤과 부틸렌 그리콜(BG)을 1:1의 비율로 혼합하여 사용하였고, 오일류는 Pursyn 4^®, CEH, PTO^®을 1:1:1의 비율로 혼합하여 실험에 사용하였다. 시험에 사용한 제품은 모두 O/W 에멀젼 형태이며, 0~27%dml 폴리올류, 0~35%의 오일류의 농도로 수행하였다 본 연구자는 인체 하박 내측에 제품을 도포한 후, 피부 수분량과 각질층의 거칠기를 측정하였다 피부의 수분량은 피부 저기용량을 이용하여 측정하였고, 피부 표면 거칠기는 피부 각질을 채취하여 SEM을 이용하여 촬영한 후 육아평가로 그 값을 나타내었다. 피부의 수분량은 폴리올류에 있어서 상한 상관관계를 나타내며, 농도는 20%까지 강한 상관관계를 나타내었다. 오일류에 있어서는 12%의 농도 범위까지 강한 상관관계를 나타내었다. 이러한 상관계수는 통계적으로 유의하게 각각 0.629와 0.603을 나타내었다(p<0.01). 이에 반해 피부 표면 거칠기는 농도의존적으로 폴리올류와 강한 상관성을 갖고 오일류는 6%까지 통계적으로 유의한 상관성을 가졌다. 회귀분석을 통하여 표면 거칠기를 폴리올류와 오일류로 나타내었을 때, 2:5:1의 계수 비율로 연관성을 나타내었다(p<0.01). 향후 시험은 폴리올류와 오일류를 제외한 다른 원료들(계면활성제, 지질, 수용성보습물질 등)과 다른 비침습적 측정 방법을 이용하여 그 관계를 조사할 계획이다. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different skin care ingredient concentrations on the effect of polyols and oils on the human skin moisturization and skin surface roughness. Polyols and oils were essential ingredients to make a skin care formulation. But these were still not understood how much concentration(s) were tested on human skin in the aspect of efficacy and sensory. We studied to examine various concentrations of ingredient by cosmetic companies using noninvasive methods. Polyols were composed of glycerol and butylene glycol (BG) as 1:1 ratio, and oils were hydrogenated polydecene, cetyl ethylhexanoate and pentaerythrityl tetraethylhexanoate (PTO(R), Stearinerie Dubois Fils Co., France) as 1:1:1 ratio. All compounds were tested 0~27%dml Polyols and 0~35%dml oils in O/W emulsions. We investigated the effect of water contents and the effect of stratum corneum roughness in forearm skin after application of compounds. Water contents of the skin measured by skin capacitance and skin surface roughness measured visual scoring of skin surface biopsy through the scanning electron microscopy. Water contents of the skin were highly related to amount of polyols (to 20%) and oils (to 12%). Correlation coefficients were 0.971 and 0.985 respectively (p<0.01), 2 h after application. Skin surface roughness was positively correlated with polyol contents in concentration dependent manner, and depend on oils up to 6%. The ratio of coefficient was 2.5 to 1 (polyol to oils) by regression analysis. Further studies will be conducted with other ingredients such as surfactants, lipids and aqueous materials, and with ether methods for noninvasive measurement.

Skin imaging

남개원 ( Gae Won Nam ) 한국피부장벽학회 2008 한국피부장벽학회지 Vol.10 No.1

Non-invasive skin imaging techniques have proliferated over the last decade. Whilst most have a research role, some are routinely used in dermatology clinics. Technological advancements have led to the development of various imaging modalities, most of which have been used to image organs in deeper manner within the human body. More recently, attention has focused on the application of imaging technology for evaluation of the skin. A variety of techniques are currently being used to examine the skin. Those techniques include specialized photography, surface microscopy, ultrasound, laser Doppler perfusion imaging, confocal microscopy, and magnetic resonance imaging. These modalities can provide information that can assist in the management of skin problems. Although many of these techniques are still undergoing research, they are showing promise as useful clinical tools in dermatology.

EDTA 농도 , pH 및 온도가 코발트 오염토양의 제염효과에 미치는 영향

원휘준,권회삼,안병길,김계남,이병직,이계호,오원진 한국공업화학회 1998 응용화학 Vol.2 No.2

In order to decontaminate the soil contaminated with ^(60)Co ion, a series of preliminary experiment was conducted. Decontamination characteristics of EDTA at various [EDTA], pH, and different temperature were investigated using the soil artificially contaminated with Co²^+ ion. And, the effect of dissolved iron ion on the decontamination performance of Co²^+ ion was also investigated.

Disposer Foodwaste Wastewater and its Environmentally Friendly Discharge Standard

Ho Nam Chang,Jong Won Kang,Jeon Gae Kim,Chang Moon Jeong,Han Moo Jung,Seong Taik Chang 대한환경공학회 2008 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2008 No.12

단기간 서로 다른 pH 적용에 따른 인체 각질층의 생물리학적 및 생물학적 인자 변화 연구

이용직, 남개원 충북대학교 산업과학기술연구소 2021 산업과학기술연구 논문집 Vol.35 No.2

본문참고

International Epidermal Permeability Barrier Symposium : Regulation of skin Barrier Integrity(1) ; Regional Differences of Skin Characteristics and Barrier Function in Asians

( Hae Kwang Lee ),( Gae Won Nam ),( Su Sun Ahn ),( Seung Hun Kim ),( Seong Jung Moon ),( Ih Seop Chang ) 한국피부장벽학회 2005 한국피부장벽학회지 Vol.7 No.1

The effects of extracellular pH on the anti-microbial peptide expressions in murine epidermis and human keratinocytes

김현정 ( Hyun Jung Kim ),( Gae Won Nam ),( Sun Young Choi ),( Jung Eun Jun ),( Eung Ho Choi ),( Seung Hun Lee ) 한국피부장벽학회 2007 한국피부장벽학회지 Vol.9 No.2

인체 피부 세포주 (HaCaT)에서 Kaempferol, Quercetin의 Hyaluronan 합성 촉진 효과에 대한 연구

김승훈 ( Seung Hun Kim ),남개원 ( Gae Won Nam ),강병영 ( Byung Young Kang ),이해광 ( Hae Kwang Lee ),문성준 ( Seong Joon Moon ),장이섭 ( Ih Seop Chang ) 대한화장품학회 2005 대한화장품학회지 Vol.31 No.1

수분 보유력이 우수한 hyaluronan (HA)은 피부 보습에 관여하는 여러 물질들 중 하나로 피부의 extracellular matrix를 구성하는 주요 성분 중 하나이다. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)의 구성 성분의 하나로 과거에는 진피에서 유래하는 것으로 알려져 왔으나 최근 연구들을 통해 표피에서 합성되는 것이 확인되었다. Polyphenolic compound의 일종인 kaempferol과 quercetin은 채소류 같은 식물성 음식에 많이 존재하는 것으로 알려져 있으며, kaempferol은 인체 표피세포에서 glutathione 합성을 증가시키고 quercetin은 lipoxygenase inhibitor로 PPAR (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor) - mediated 표피세포 분화를 억제하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서 우리는 표피 세포주에서 이들 flavonoids -kaempferol, quercetin -의 HA 합성에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 물질 처리에 따른 HA 합성 효소인 hyaluronan synthase 1, 2, 3 (HAS1, 2, 3) 유전자 발현의 변화를 semi-quantitative RT-PCR을 통해 살펴보았다. 이들 flavonoid들에 의해 24 h 후 HAS2, 3 mRNA 발현이 증가되는 것을 발견하였다. 또한 HA 합성량의 변화를 알아보기 위해 ELISA를 수행하였다. 24 h 물질 처리 후 배지를 수거하여 HA 합성량을 살펴본 결과 이들 물질에 의해 합성이 유의하게 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 비록 합성 촉진에서의 효과가 retinoic acid에는 못 미치지만 kaempferol과 quercetin은 표피 세포주에서 농도 의존적으로 HA 합성을 증가시켰다. 위의 결과를 통해 flavonoid류인 kaempferol과 quercetin이 피부에서 HA 생산을 촉진시킴을 알 수 있었고 이를 통해 피부 보습과 잔주름 개선에 효과를 볼 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. One of the key molecules involved in skin moisture is hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid, HA) with its associated water of hydration. The predominant component of the ECM (extracellular matrix) of skin is HA. It is the primordial and the simplest of the GAGs (glycosaminoglycans), a water-sorbed macromolecule In extracellular matrix, Included between the vital cells of epidermis. In the skin, HA was previously thought to derive extlusively from dermis. But, recent studies revealed that HA could be synthesized in epidermis. Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds that is found mainly in foods of plant origin. Kaempferol was known to increase glutathione synthesis in human keratinocyte. And quercetin blocked PPAR-meidated keratinocyte differentiation as lipoxygenase inhibitors. In this study, we sought to evaluate the effect of flavonid, kaempferol and quercetin on production HA in keratinocyte. We examined the changes of three human hyaluronan synthase genes (HASI, HAS2, HAS3) expression by semi-quantitative RT-PCR when kaempferol or quercetin was added to cultured human keratinocytes. We found that these flavonoids slightly upregulated HAS2, HAS3 mRNA after 24 h. And we investigated the effect on HA production by ELISA. When we evaluated the level of HA in culture medium after 24 h incubation. We found enhanced accumulation of HA in the culture medium. Although the effects of above flavonoids are less than retinoic acid, the data indicate that kaempferol, quercetin can dose-dependently increase the level of HA in epidermis cell line. It suggested that flavonoid, kaempferol, and quercetin increased production of HA in skin and it helped to elevate skin moisture and improve facial wrinkle.